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Biomedical subjects

S Smith

Publications and source records attributed to S Smith.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Treatment of subdural empyema.

A review of 66 cases and a survey of the literature indicates that survival rates of around 90% should now be expected from patients with subdural empyema. Factors affecting the outcome are discussed. In addition to prompt surgical treatment and appropriate antibiotic therapy, the most important step seems to be extensive craniotomy and direct removal of subdural pus, particularly from the interhemispheric fissure. Treatment through burr holes is not acceptable. In the absence of a culture of the organisms and known antibiotic sensitivities, chloramphenicol is recommended as the drug of choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Purification of a cartilage-derived growth factor.

A growth factor was isolated from bovine cartilage and purified by a combination of gel filtration chromatography and isoelectric focusing. In the first step of the purification, growth factor activity as measured by stimulation of DNA synthesis in quiescent 3T3 cells or chondrocytes, was extracted by incubation of cartilage with 1 M guanidine hydrochloride, pH 6.0. The crude cartilage extract was analyzed by gel filtration on a column equilibrated with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride and 5 mM dithiothreitol. All of the cartilage-derived growth factor activity migrated in a region corresponding to molecular weights between 12,000 and 20,000. The low molecular weight fraction was analyzed by isoelectric focusing in the presence of 6 M urea. Two major active fractions were found, with isoelectric points of approximately 9 and 10. Purification to homogeneity was accomplished by several cycles of gel filtration of the pI 9 fraction on columns equilibrated with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride and 5 mM dithiothreitol. The purified growth factor migrated as a single polypeptide band in two polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis systems, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and acid-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the cartilage-derived growth factor was estimated to be between 16,000 and 18,000 by gel filtration and 16,400 by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gel filtration chromatography of the pI 10 fraction also yielded an active purified 16,400 molecular weight growth factor. Approximately 1 to 2.5 micrograms/ml of purified cartilage-derived growth factor was necessary to half-maximally stimulate DNA synthesis in 3T3 cells and chondrocytes.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

The organization of NADH dehydrogenase polypeptides in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

The organization of the constituent polypeptides of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase was studied by using two membrane-impermeable probes, diazobenzene[35S]sulphonate and lactoperoxidase-catalysed radioiodination. The incorporation of label into the subunits of the isolated enzyme was compared with that obtained with enzyme immunoprecipitated from labelled mitochondria or inverted submitochondrial particles. On the basis of accessibility to these two labels, we divide the polypeptides of Complex I into five groups: those that are apparently buried in the enzyme, those that are accessible to labelling in the isolated enzyme but not in the membrane, those that are exposed on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane, those that are exposed on the matrix face and finally those that are exposed on both faces and are therefore transmembranous. We conclude that NADH dehydrogenase is asymmetrically organized across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Atenolol kinetics in renal failure.

Blood and urine levels of atenolol were measured in 12 subjects--2 anephric and 10 with creatinine clearances ranging from 0 to 122 ml/min/1.73 m2. In a single-dose study subjects were given atenolol 100 mg by mouth, and blood and urine levels were measured during the subsequent 72 hr. In a repeated-dose study 10 subjects were given atenolol 100 mg for 20 days, and blood and urine levels were measured before and for 72 hr after the final dose on day 21. In the single-dose study the peak blood level occurred later and the 24-hr plasma concentrations increased as creatinine clearance decreased. The range in peak blood level was sixfold throughout this range of creatinine clearance. The blood atenolol half-life (t1/2) increased from about 6 hr to more than 100 hr with progressive renal failure and there was a corresponding decrease in elimination rate constant and increase in area under the curve. In the repeated-dose study there was good correlation between predose blood level of atenolol and both logarithm creatinine clearance and serum creatinine, and the elimination rate constant correlated with creatinine clearance and the logarithm of serum creatinine. In the single-dose study minimum heart rates were observed just after the peak atenolol level. Blood pressure response did not correlate closely with serum atenolol levels. Dosing recommendations are suggested for patients with renal failure to take account of the effects of renal function on atenolol kinetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A double-blind cross-over trial of fenoprofen and phenylbutazone in ankylosing spondylitis.

Fenoprofen, 600 mg, three times daily, was compared with phenylbutazone, 100 mg, three times daily, in 30 patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis in a double-blind cross-over study. Assessments were made after an initial washout period and after each month-long treatment period. Phenylbutazone significantly improved morning stiffness, finger-to-floor distance, chest expansion, overall joint pain, spinal pain, the physician's assessment of disease activity and ESR. Only chest expansion was significantly improved by fenoprofen, and phenylbutazone was significantly better than fenoprofen in its effects on finger-to-floor distance, morning stiffness, overall joint pain, spinal pain and the physician's assessment of disease activity. Side-effects were of a minor nature apart from one patient who developed rectal bleeding on phenylbutazone which recurred on rechallenging.

Adult↗