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Biomedical subjects

S Smith

Publications and source records attributed to S Smith.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Barriers to implementation of a prenatal care program for low income women.

By the middle of the second year of the Michigan Prenatal/Postpartum Care (PPC) program to provide pregnancy-related services to low income women who were ineligible for Medicaid or other insurance, only 25 per cent of the participating health departments were enrolling greater than 90 per cent of contracted potential clients. Using a survey of program directors and relevant state documents, we identified several barriers to successful implementation: institutional (program complexity, high levels of administrative concerns along with low levels of communication between local health departments and providers); economic (inadequate resources for provider reimbursement, outreach, transportation, high-risk pregnancies, or administrative overhead); psychological (servicing populations with multiple and hard to care for problems, potential discomfort of low income women with traditional providers); and informational (insufficient information about the program infiltrating the target community).

Female↗
PubMed1989

Metabolic fate of the new anti-ulcer drug enprostil in animals. 1st communication: absorption, distribution and excretion in the mouse, rat and rabbit.

Absorption, distribution and excretion of [3H]-enprostil ((+-)-11a,15a-dihydroxy-9-oxo-16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranorpr osta -4,5,13(t)-trienoic acid methyl ester, TA-84135), a new anti-ulcer prostaglandin, were studied in mice, rats and rabbits. Radioactivity associated with enprostil was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with Tmax values of 15 or 30 min. Absorption was also efficient inasmuch as approximately 80% of an oral dose was recovered in bile and urine in 24 h in bile duct-cannulated rats. Experiments in pylorus-ligated, bile duct-cannulated rats demonstrated that enprostil was mainly absorbed from the intestine, rather than from the stomach. In mice given oral doses of 2, 8 and 32 micrograms/kg, Cmax and AUC values of enprostil radioequivalents increased proportionately to the increase in dose, indicating linear kinetics over this dose range. Distribution of enprostil-associated radioactivity was investigated in rats by quantitating tritium in various tissues after the oral administration of [3H]-enprostil. Radioactivity in tissues was highest at 15 or 30 min after dosing. Highest levels of radioactivity were found in the stomach and intestines, the organs which came into direct contact with the dose, and the liver and kidney, the organs involved in excretion of enprostil. The rate of elimination of enprostil-associated radioactivity from all tissues and from plasma was similar. Enprostil-associated radioactivity did not accumulate in any tissue. Radioactivity was found in fetuses following oral administration of [3H]-enprostil to rats on the 12th or 19th day of gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Topical metronidazole for severe and recalcitrant rosacea: a prospective open trial.

Nineteen patients with severe or recalcitrant rosacea were treated twice daily with 0.75 percent metronidazole topical gel in an open label study. Sixteen of the patients (84 percent) showed 50 percent or greater reduction in inflammatory lesions, while fifteen (79 percent) demonstrated a reduction in erythema severity and an improvement when evaluated by the investigator global assessment. No positive response was recorded for any patient prior to topical medication, whereas six of nine patients previously treated with tetracycline/minocycline demonstrated improvement. Seven of these nine patients responded to topical metronidazole treatment. One additional patient who did not respond to minocycline or desonide treatment showed a good response to topical metronidazole. Only one patient reported local irritation after using metronidazole. These results demonstrate that topical metronidazole gel is safe and effective for the treatment of severe or recalcitrant rosacea.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

A preliminary report of the short-term effect of carbonated beverage consumption on calcium metabolism in normal women.

A variety of nutritional factors influence the bioavailability of calcium and increase a woman's risk of osteoporosis. Eight healthy women completed an 8-week metabolic study designed to investigate the effect of nonalcoholic carbonated beverage consumption on calcium metabolism. Compared with women receiving a control diet, women consuming a diet high in nonalcoholic carbonated beverages demonstrated similar mean serum levels of calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and osteocalcin. Twenty-four-hour urine volume, creatinine clearance, calcium-creatinine ratio, and phosphorus-creatinine ratio were similar during consumption of the diet high in nonalcoholic carbonated beverages and the control diet. Twenty-four-hour cyclic adenosine monophosphate-creatinine ratio was significantly lower in women consuming the diet high in nonalcoholic carbonated beverage compared with women receiving the control diet (342 +/- 27.4 nmol/mmol vs 409 +/- 22.1 nmol/mmol). Consumption of a diet high in nonalcoholic carbonated beverages on a short-term basis does not appear to affect adversely the serum or urinary markers of calcium metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Circadian rhythms for calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone in primary hyperparathyroidism: functional and practical considerations.

We obtained serial serum and urine samples from 14 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism both before and 3 to 9 months after excision of their parathyroid adenomas to (1) determine whether the circadian rhythms for calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) previously described in normal human beings are disturbed in this disorder; (2) gauge the effect of surgical treatment on the patterns observed before intervention; and (3) ascertain whether time(s) of blood sampling can be defined for optimal biochemical detection of the disease. Significant rhythms for serum phosphorus, ionized calcium, PTH, urine phosphorus, and urine calcium were observed in many but not all patients before and after surgery. Nonetheless, collective analysis revealed the following: (1) diurnal patterns for serum ionized calcium, phosphorus, urine calcium, and urine phosphorus in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism both before and after surgery, whereas a rhythm for serum PTH was uniquely observed after surgical treatment; and (2) no significant correlation between preoperative serum ionized calcium and PTH but restoration of the expected reciprocal relationship between these variables after surgery. Although variability in individual expression of the rhythm for PTH precludes precise definition of a sampling "window" when hormone levels are likely to be highest, collection of data at points throughout the day helped establish the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism in several patients with borderline serum biochemistries.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Morphological and metabolic responses of embryonic hearts to administration of exogenous L-thyroxine.

Injection of 1 microgram L-thyroxine (T4) into the yolk sacs of embryonated chicken eggs at 3 to 6 days of incubation not only induced cardiomegaly but also instigated more rapid differentiation of the heart as an organ and of the individual myocytes per se. Myocytes showed evidence of responding to this dose of exogenous T4 as early as 5 to 6 days of incubation, even though endogenous T4 was not normally forthcoming (in amounts sufficient to provoke organ changes) until 11 to 12 days of incubation. By 7 days of incubation the hearts, conditioned by a single 1 microgram dose of T4, exhibited larger areas occupied by myofibrillar material than controls. Measurements, beginning at 9 days of incubation, indicated the presence of greater amounts of RNA, total non-lipid solids and total lipids. Early increases in DNA in T4-conditioned embryos, compared with controls, indicated that hypertrophic hearts had reached this condition, at least in part, by increased cell division. By 12 days of incubation, hearts pre-treated with T4 showed conversion of many mitochondria to vesicles resembling smooth endoplasmic reticulum. No evidence of classical sarcoplasmic reticulum was seen through hatching.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Ultrasound-guided biopsy.

Ultrasound-guided biopsy is a good and feasible technique in dogs. Although we have only used it for biopsy of liver and kidney, it can have further uses. In our use of ultrasound-guided biopsy of kidney and liver, we have found that we can achieve adequate biopsy samples using the Franklin modified Vim-Silverman and Tru Cut biopsy of kidney and liver. The fine-needle biopsies of the liver were adequate for examination of hepatocytes but inadequate to evaluate structure owing to small size of the sample. In contrast, the renal fine-needle samples were both poor in quality and quantity. This technique has the advantages of being noninvasive, quick, and easy, and it can be performed with the patient under local anesthesia. It has an advantage over blind percutaneous biopsy because the needle can be visualized in the organ and the organ scanned after biopsy for possible complications. Another advantage is that, unlike other radiographic biopsy procedures, ionizing radiation is not used for imaging.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Haemopoietic growth factor control of normal and neoplastic cellular proliferation.

Endotoxin induces the appearance of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and macrophage (M)-CSF in the serum of mice. No GM-CSF was detectable in endotoxin serum. Phytohaemagglutinin stimulated human T-lymphocytes to secrete three major forms of GM-CSF. All of the haemopoietic growth factors (HGFs) are active in vivo, but the cellular responses are different for each HGF. Prolonged administration of G-CSF increases the number of circulating neutrophils and does not lead to adverse side-effects. Chronic exposure to GM-CSF induces an accumulation of activated macrophages which can cause considerable tissue destruction. Although the 'src-like' oncogenes induce HGF production by chicken myeloblasts, factor-dependent murine cells can be converted to a tumorigenic phenotype without autocrine growth factor production.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of the translocation between chromosomes X and 18 in human synovial sarcomas.

Recent studies have identified a specific chromosomal translocation, t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2), in a high proportion of human synovial sarcomas. As a first step towards characterizing the X;18 translocation we have established a synovial sarcoma cell line. Fusion of this cell line to mouse RAG cells gave rise to somatic cell hybrids that contain the derivative (X) marker chromosome in the absence of other genetic material from chromosomes 18 and X. Southern analysis of DNA from these somatic cell hybrids demonstrated that the human X chromosome markers DXS94, DXS14, DXZ1 and DXS62 were retained. In contrast DXS7, GAPDP1, ARAF1, DXS146 were not consistently present in the hybrids indicating that these markers were on the region of the X chromosome replaced by part of the long arm of chromosome 18 during the generation of the X;18 translocation. The predicted position of the translocation relative to X chromosome markers is DXS7-DXS146-X; 18-DXS14-DXZ1-DXS94.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1989

Quantifying postoperative deficits of physical function following spinal surgery.

This study evaluates the degree of objectively quantified physical deconditioning of spinal surgery patients. The object is to evaluate the data in terms of the pain and disability claimed by 35 male and 11 female patients three months after spinal surgery. Among the males, two subgroups (i.e., disc excision or spinal fusion) were evaluated. All patients reported subjective indices of pain/disability and completed quantified tests of lumbar motion, sagittal trunk strength, lifting capacity, and bicycle ergometry. In general, true lumbar motion was markedly restricted to 50%-60% and trunk strength means were below 50% of gender-specific normative values. There were similar deficits for lifting capacity. Those who had spinal fusions tended to perform poorly, with a relatively high incidence of pain/disability. There were no differences found between the male group and subgroups who were gainfully employed or had a brief period of disability prior to surgery or had low subjective pain/disability. These results indicate that a patient's subjective pain/disability were not a reliable measure of functional capacity by three months postoperatively. Regardless of working status, pain level, or brevity of disability, there was a significant loss of performance ability and risk of persistent dysfunction after surgical treatment.

Adult↗