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Biomedical subjects

S Siva

Publications and source records attributed to S Siva.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Splenic infarction in pregnancy.

We present a case of splenic infarction in pregnancy, secondary to acute bacterial endocarditis. Left upper quadrant pain in pregnancy can be due to a variety of causes and in the septic or unwell patient, splenic infarct should be considered in the differential diagnosis. The diagnosis of splenic infarct should be considered especially in those at increased risk of bacterial endocarditis. Acute bacterial endocarditis can occur even in patients without any risk factors. Bacterial endocarditis is rare in pregnancy and splenic infarction is even rarer. However when it occurs, rapid diagnosis and management are necessary to minimize embolic phenomena. With the increasing use of intravenous drugs and with increasing numbers of Pacific Islanders in our pregnant population, it is important to be alert to the risk of bacterial endocarditis and to avoid serious sequelae. Patient education to the importance of medical follow-up in order to prevent such a life-threatening condition, and to avoid more complicated acute treatment, is imperative.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Transient osteoporosis of the hip in pregnancy.

Transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH) is an uncommon condition. This painful regional osteoporosis affects previously healthy women in the third trimester of pregnancy. It is characterized by pain in the affected hip and pronounced osteopenia of the femoral head and neck. It has a relatively short clinical course (average 6 months) and a predictably benign prognosis. Complete clinical and radiological recovery is the rule. The diagnosis is one of exclusion. The cause of the osteopenia is not known, although various aetiological factors have been implicated. A case of TOH occurring in the third trimester of pregnancy with complete recovery within 6 months postpartum is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The use of the bladder neck support prosthesis in combined genuine stress incontinence and detrusor instability.

The Bladder Neck Support Prosthesis (BNSP) was used in 21 women with combined genuine stress incontinence (GSI) and detrusor instability (DI). Outcomes included frequency volume charts, pad tests, voiding cystometry and quality of life scores, up to the sixth month. Of the 21 recruits, 5 never wore the BNSP home, leaving 16 participants. A further 2 did not reach week 4 because of poor efficacy or inability to fit the device. In the 14 who reached week 4, the median number of leaks/day declined from 4.3 to 1.0 (p = 0.002). Median pad test loss fell from 53 to 7 mL (p = 0.012). Cystometry showed an increase in maximum bladder capacity (p < 0.05) and a modest reduction in severity of detrusor instability, with no evidence of outflow obstruction. Three further women discontinued because of poor efficacy (2) or a poorly fitting device (1), leaving 11 of 16 participants (69%) at week 8, when median pad test loss fell to 2 mL. The BNSP is a useful option in patients with the unfortunate combination of an unstable bladder and an incompetent urethra, but requires careful fitting and attention to detail.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Caduceus--an eastern view.

The Caduceus--the symbol of medical profession carries with its origin many concepts. The symbol has in its composition, parts totally unconnected to our physical body and yet it represents symbolically the art of healing. On the other hand, the symbol might have been to mean something else, invisible, located within our body which is beneficial for the human as a whole. Charles W. Leadbeater presented the concept of Kundalini as the basis for the symbol Caduceus.

History, 18th Century↗
PubMed1984

Prevalence of liver abnormality in early syphilis.

Hepatic structure and function of 22 unselected patients with early syphilis was assessed. In 20 (91%) routine hepatic tests or bromsulphalein retention showed mild non-specific abnormalities. Minor changes in hepatic structure were present in 12 (55%), in three of whom intrahepatic spirochaetes were found. The only patient who had hepatomegaly also had splenomegaly. Observed changes in hepatic structure correlated with neither physical signs nor results of biochemical tests. Hepatic changes in early syphilis are common but frequently subclinical.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diaziquone-glutathione conjugates: characterization and mechanisms of formation.

The antitumor agent diaziquone (AZQ) reacts with reduced glutathione (GSH) in aqueous solutions and under aerobic conditions to give rise to the glutathionyl and hydroxyl free radicals, as well as the AZQ semiquinone. Under anaerobic conditions, the only radical observed was the glutathionyl radical. These radicals are quickly abrogated when superoxide dismutase and catalase are coincubated. Separately, superoxide dismutase favors the formation of thiyl radicals while catalase favors the formation of hydroxyl radicals and AZQ semiquinone. The metal chelator diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid favors the production of hydroxyl radicals and AZQ semiquinone. The reaction of AZQ with GSH at pH 7.2 and 5.5 results in a variety of conjugates. These conjugates include addition of glutathione to both aziridines, displacement of the aziridines by GSH, and a combination of both. The majority of the conjugates are formed by nucleophilic attack of GSH to the AZQ aziridines or by 1,4-Michael addition to the AZQ quinone or a combination of both. There may be a small free radical component in conjugate formation, but the majority of the free radicals observed are from redox reactions that involve the oxidation of glutathione and the reduction and autoxidation of AZQ to produce oxygen radicals and hydrogen peroxide, a process that is enhanced by trace metal ions.

Antineoplastic Agents↗