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Biomedical subjects

S Sinha

Publications and source records attributed to S Sinha.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Nervous system involvement in asymptomatic HIV seropositive individuals: a cognitive and electrophysiological study.

BACKGROUND: A significant proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive subjects may have subclinical asymptomatic involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system. AIMS: To detect subclinical neurological involvement in asymptomatic HIV seropositive individuals by clinical, mini mental state examination (MMSE) and various electrophysiological tests. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MMSE, EEG, nerve conduction (NC), and multimodality-evoked potential studies were evaluated in 20 asymptomatic HIV seropositive subjects. RESULTS: The majority of the subjects were young (mean age: 29.5 +/- 8.9 yrs) and female (85%). The mean MMSE score was 25.8 +/- 2.3, which was marginally less than that of matched controls (26.3 +/- 2.4). Four subjects had a score of less than 23 suggesting subclinical cognitive impairment. EEG (n=19) was mildly abnormal in 8 cases: low alpha index (n=4), excess of fast background activity (n=3) and intermittent bursts of slow waves along with sometimes sharp waves (n=4). Motor NC studies (n=20) revealed a decreased mean nerve conduction velocity (NCV) compared to controls in the right median (P<0.05) and CP (P<0.001) nerves. Sensory NC studies revealed a decreased mean NCV in both the median (P<0.001) and sural (P<0.001) nerves compared with controls. Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) studies showed the involvement of the peripheral auditory pathway (23.5%). The somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) study detected a delay of N20 latency in two. Only 3 subjects came for follow-up after 6 months. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic HIV seropositive subjects may have subclinical central and peripheral nervous system involvement. Long-term follow-up studies are essential for better understanding of the significance of these changes.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed2002

Critical rotation of a harmonically trapped Bose gas.

We study experimentally and theoretically a cold trapped Bose gas under critical rotation, i.e., with a rotation frequency close to the frequency of the radial confinement. We identify two regimes: the regime of explosion where the cloud expands to infinity in one direction, and the regime where the condensate spirals out of the trap as a rigid body. The former is realized for a dilute cloud, and the latter for a condensate with the interparticle interaction exceeding a critical value. This constitutes a novel system in which repulsive interactions help in maintaining particles together.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Cement restriction technique in dynamic hip screw revisions.

When revising dynamic hip screw fixation to arthroplasty, the defect left by the lag screw in the proximal femur poses a problem for cement containment, with the potential for sub-optimal cementation. We recommend the use of a bioresorbable cement restrictor as a simple and effective means to overcome this problem.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2002

Synthesis of glycosylated beta-amino acids as new class of antitubercular agents.

A series of glycosylated beta-amino acids was prepared and evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium, M. fortuitum and M. smegmatis. The compounds were designed to mimic the enzyme D-alanine racemase and glycosyl transferase involved in the biosynthesis of essential cell wall peptidoglycan and arabinogalactan. Though most of the compounds exhibited little activity, however, one showed significant activity against all the strains in cell culture and activity was confirmed by BACTEC method.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2002

Flexor sheath dilatation with a Fogarty catheter.

The use of a Fogarty catheter to dilate a constricted flexor sheath is described. This relatively atraumatic method of dilating a constricted flexor sheath, may sometimes allow a one-stage rather than a two-stage tendon graft procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Effect of Trichodesma indicum extract on cough reflex induced by sulphur dioxide in mice.

The effect of methanol extract of whole plants of Trichodesma indicum R. Br. has been investigated on sulphur dioxide (SO2) induced cough reflex in Swiss albino mice. The extract has demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) inhibition in frequency of cough in all the tested doses when compared with untreated control group. The effect persisted up to 90 min of its oral administration and also comparable to that of the effect exhibited by the standard drug (Codeine phosphate). This study confirmed the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of cough. Determination of underlying mechanism of beneficial effect is major topic requiring further comprehensive investigation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Intracranial neurenteric cysts: a report of two cases.

Neurenteric or enterogenous cysts are rare, congenital, benign lesions of the central nervous system. Not more than 35 case reports of neurenteric cysts occurring in the cranial cavity have been documented. We describe two cases of intracranial neurenteric cysts.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of autonomic dysfunction in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic portal hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: Autonomic dysfunction is common in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, but more so in patients with decompensated state, and is associated with increased mortality. We evaluated the presence and extent of autonomic dysfunction in patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO) and noncirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF), diseases with relatively preserved liver functions. METHODS: Heart rate variability in response to standing, deep breathing, and Valsalva maneuver and blood pressure response to sustained handgrip and standing were studied in 18 patients with EHPVO (13 mol/L, 5 F, mean age 15.2 +/- 6 yr), 12 patients with NCPF (5 mol/L, 7 F, mean age 26.4 +/- 8 yr), 15 patients with cirrhosis (7 mol/L, 8 F, mean age 12.6 +/- 6 yr), and 17 healthy controls (11 mol/L, 6 F, mean age 18.6 +/- 3 yr). Time-domain parameters of heart rate variability on 24-h ambulatory monitoring were assessed in all the patients. RESULTS: Autonomic dysfunction was observed in 67% of EHPVO, 25% of NCPF, and 80% of cirrhotic subjects but none of the healthy controls (p < 0.05). Four of five time-domain heart rate variability indices showed significant abnormalities in patients with EHPVO (p < 0.05) and cirrhosis (p < 0.05), when compared with patients with NCPF and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Autonomic dysfunction is frequently encountered in patients with EHPVO and cirrhosis, and the presence of autonomic dysfunction in patients with noncirrhotic portal hypertension suggests a primary role of portal hypertension per se in the dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Familial trigeminal neuralgia.

Familial trigeminal neuralgia is infrequent. A report of a couple and their son being afflicted by this malady is presented. The clinical features, radiological findings and surgical management are discussed and literature reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Acute phase response of C-reactive protein of Labeo rohita to aquatic pollutants is accompanied by the appearance of distinct molecular forms.

Different forms of C-reactive proteins have been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by calcium dependent affinity chromatography on a phosphorylcholine (PC)-Sepharose column from the sera of Labeo rohita confined in fresh water (CRP(N)) and water polluted with sublethal doses of cadmium (CRP(Cd)), mercury (CRP(Hg)), phenol (CRP(Ph)), and hexachlorocyclohexane (CRP(Hx)), which elevate serum CRP levels by three- to fivefold. On native PAGE, induced forms of CRP show remarkable differences in their electrophoteric mobility indicating differences in molecular mass, charge, and/or shape. Kinetic studies reveal the appearance of a pollutant specific molecular variant, which replaces the normal form at the peak of induction. Studies on amino acid and carbohydrate compositions, isoelectric focusing, binding to PC, C-polysaccharide (CPS) & lectins, and secondary structures of the purified CRPs, indicate, that, they differ significantly from each other, but grossly share the common properties of a CRP, including pentraxin, structure revealed by electron microscopy.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed2001

Alteration of a sequence with homology to human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-K) in primary human glioma: implications for viral repeat mediated rearrangement.

We had earlier demonstrated that a comparison of DNA fingerprinting profiles of tumor and corresponding normal DNA from the same patient by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis can readily demonstrate alterations in tumor DNA [Gene 206 (1998) 45 and J. Neuro Oncol. 48 (2000) 1]. These alterations could be used to identify changes in tumor DNA where the prior identity of the locus was not known. In this study, we report the identification, cloning and characterization of a RAPD amplified fragment which was lost in a glioma, a grade IV glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Comparison of the RAPD profile of tumor and corresponding leucocyte DNA revealed several differences between the two. These included a band of 443 bases, which was demonstrated in the normal, but not in tumor DNA. On sequencing, this band was found to be homologous with a group of SINE sequences, which are probably derived from the human endogenous retrovirus-K (HERV-K). Homology search also reveals that HERV-K-derived sequences are interspersed, amongst others, in the tumor suppressor gene BRCA2 and the DNA repair gene XRCC1. Of particular interest is the inverted repeat pattern of HERV-derived sequences in the genes. While not demonstrating a cause effect relationship, this highlights the possible role of such virus-derived sequences in gene inactivation by recombination during tumorigenesis.

Base Sequence↗