Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Sinha

Publications and source records attributed to S Sinha.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Platelet counts are persistently increased following simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Increased platelet counts has been reported to be a sequela of pancreas transplantation and even incriminated in the increased rate of thrombosis of pancreas grafts. The aim of the study was to measure the platelet counts after simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantations compared to kidney transplants alone in diabetic patients. METHODS: This retrospective case-control study included 57 patients who received simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplants (SPK), from 1985 to 2000 and had functioning grafts for more than 1 month. The control patients were 38 type I diabetic recipients of kidney transplants alone (KTA), matched for sex, era, and immunosuppression. The platelet counts, white cell counts, and hemoglobin were analyzed on the preoperative day, weeks 1 to 6, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. RESULTS: The mean age of the SPK group was significantly lower than that of the KTA group (39.8+/-8.3 versus 48.2+/-11.7, P<.01). Significantly higher platelet counts were demonstrated during weeks 2 to 6, which persisted at 3 months and at 1 year among the SPK compared to the KTA group. Although significantly higher white cell counts and lower hemoglobin levels were seen among the SPK versus KTA group during weeks 3 to 6, it did not persist after 3 months. CONCLUSION: The mean platelet counts of patients with simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation was significantly higher than that of diabetic patients with kidney transplants alone. This thrombocytosis persisted up to the first year and cannot be explained by an increased amount of blood loss or higher infectious complications in the SPK group. Routine antiplatelet prophylaxis is recommended in this group of patients.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of cerebral blood flow by single-photon emission computed tomography in young Asian Indians with hypertension.

The objective of the study was to investigate abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in young (age 33.0+/-6.3 years; range 21-45 years) non-diabetic and normolipidemic Asian Indians with hypertension. The rCBF was assessed with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with hypertension (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 20). The SPECT findings were normal in 41 subjects and showed abnormalities of cerebral perfusion in 10 subjects, all of which were hypertensive patients. These observations are extremely important for a vast number of young hypertensive patients in India. To prevent cerebrovascular accidents in future, patients with hypertension and decreased rCBF should be carefully monitored and their hypertension should be strictly controlled. These subjects may also be researched as potential candidates for preventive antiplatelet therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Vetted access to day case hand surgery.

This prospective study was undertaken in the day surgery unit of Monklands Hospital, Airdrie. The consultant hand surgeon screened all general practitioner referrals between September 1998 and July 2002, and suitable patients referred for minor hand procedures were listed directly on to the day-case waiting list without an initial review in outpatient department. The main end points in this study were accuracy of diagnosis, the appropriateness of surgical treatment plan, patient acceptability and the impact of direct listing on waiting times and attendance. There was agreement in clinical diagnosis in 92%, and the choice of treatment plan was judged to be appropriate in 96% cases. The overall patient acceptability was 90%. This one-visit system not only cuts down on the patients waiting time from initial referral up to surgery but also reduces the number of hospital visits for the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Do seizures in patients with refractory epilepsy vary between wakefulness and sleep?

AIM: To determine the effects of sleep and wakefulness on seizures in patients with refractory epilepsy recorded while undergoing video-electroencephalography (EEG) telemetry. METHODS: The video-EEG data of patients who had two or more seizures during video-EEG telemetry (n = 270) were reviewed. Fifty seven patients who had seizures both in wakefulness and sleep were identified. The video and ictal EEG data were reviewed, paying specific attention to type of seizures, duration, semiology, lateralisation and number of seizures. RESULTS: Three hundred and sixty two seizures were recorded; 237 seizures while awake and 125 while sleeping. Secondary generalisation occurred more often in sleep than in wakefulness (p < 0.01). Overall, there was no significant effect of sleep on the duration of seizures or ictal EEG change. Sleep and awake seizures differed in only eight patients. CONCLUSION: Secondary generalisation occurred more often in sleep than in wakefulness, perhaps due to the facilitated spread of seizures during sleep. For the most part, however, seizures recorded during sleep did not differ from those recorded during wakefulness.

Drug Resistance↗
PubMed2006

Synchronous sporadic carcinoma and primary hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands: A case report and review of the literature.

Parathyroid carcinoma is the least common endocrine malignancy. Although it has been noted to be associated with certain clinical factors, such as familial hyper-parathyroidism, its etiology remains unknown. In rare instances, particularly in patients with chronic renal failure, it has been proposed that parathyroid carcinoma can arise from malignant transformation of benign lesions. We present a case of synchronous malignant and primary hyperplastic parathyroid disease in a patient with normal renal function. A 46-year-old woman was seen with symptomatic refractory hypercalcemia. Investigations suggested a hyperactive parathyroid gland. Operative findings were of a low-grade parathyroid carcinoma in concurrence with diffuse hyperplasia of the remaining glands. To our knowledge this represents the fifth reported case. The possibility of malignant change in hyperplastic parathyroid tissue has implications for patient management and follow-up, particularly if tissue is left in situ to maintain hormonal function.

Cell Proliferation↗
PubMed2006

Papillary carcinoma in a male breast cyst: a diagnostic challenge.

Intracystic papillary breast carcinoma is a rare form of non-invasive carcinoma with an excellent prognosis. It accounts for less than 0.5% of breast cancers. We report the case of a 75-year-old man presenting with a painless cystic lump in the right breast. Ultrasonography showed a cystic lesion and aspiration revealed blood-stained fluid with suspicion of malignancy. Excisional biopsy was necessary to confirm the diagnosis and also indicated that local treatment was adequate.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed2006

Hepatic myelopathy: a rare complication following extrahepatic portal vein occlusion and lienorenal shunt.

A 19-year-old gentleman presented with slowly progressive spastic paraparesis, 2 years after the therapeutic lienorenal shunt for portal hypertension secondary to cirrhosis and portal vein occlusion. After 2 years of initial evaluation, the motor functions had not worsened further. He did not have any obvious clinical or EEG features of hepatic encephalopathy. Other causes for myelopathy were ruled out. Contribution of portal vein occlusion to portosystemic shunting has not been reported previously in patients with 'hepatic myelopathy.' This uncommon complication needs to be considered in patients with shunt surgery for relieving portal hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Sporadic onset Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease: interesting MRI observations.

We describe a 60-year-old woman with "probable" sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) who manifested with two months history of rapidly progressive dementia and abnormal behavior, speech and gait abnormality, excessive sleepiness and myoclonic jerks. Scalp EEG showed diffuse slowing of background activity to delta range and triphasic sharp wave complexes occurring periodically twice in one-second interval. Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain revealed high signal intensity on T2 weighted image (T2WI) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences in the caudate and putamen bilaterally. Diffusion weighted images showed bilateral symmetric hyperintense signals in the caudate and putamen. The role of MRI in the diagnosis of CJD is discussed.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

Diabetic nonketotic hyperosmolar state: interesting imaging observations in 2 patients with involuntary movements and seizures.

We report two patients of diabetic nonketotic hyperosmolar state presenting acutely with "self-limiting hemichorea - hemiballismus" and "generalized convulsive status epilepticus". CT scan in both the patients revealed a hyperdense nonenhancing basal ganglia. Magnetic resonance imaging brain of patient 1 showed it to be hyperintense on T1W image and iso-hyper intense on T2W image, minimally enhancing with contrast injection.

Dyskinesias↗
PubMed2006

Effects of dexamethasone on cerebral perfusion and water diffusion in patients with high-grade glioma.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The mechanisms by which the glucocorticoid dexamethasone produces its therapeutic action in patients with intracranial tumors still remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dexamethasone affects cerebral perfusion and water molecule diffusion by using quantitative dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MR imaging (DSC-MR imaging) and diffusion tensor MR imaging (DT-MR imaging). METHODS: Ten consecutive patients with glioblastoma multiforme underwent DSC-MR imaging and DT-MR imaging before and 48-72 hours after dexamethasone treatment (16 mg/day). Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), and water mean diffusivity ( ) were measured for enhancing tumor, nonenhancing peritumoral edematous brain, and normal-appearing contralateral white matter before and after steroid therapy. The percentage change in CBF, CBV, MTT, and for the 3 tissue types was calculated for each patient, a mean value obtained for the population, and the statistical significance determined by using a paired-samples Student t test. RESULTS: After dexamethasone treatment, there was no significant change in tumor CBF, CBV, or MTT. Edematous brain CBV and MTT were also unchanged. There was, however, an increase in edematous brain CBF (11.6%; P = .05). was reduced in both enhancing tumor (-5.8%; P = .001) and edematous brain (-6.0%; P < .001). There was no significant change in CBF, CBV, MTT, or for normal-appearing contralateral white matter after treatment. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that dexamethasone does not significantly affect tumor blood flow but may, by reducing peritumoral water content and local tissue pressure, subtly increase perfusion in the edematous brain.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Viewing the functional consequences of traumatic brain injury by using brain SPECT.

High-resolution brain SPECT is increasingly benefiting from improved image processing software and multiple complementary display capabilities. This enables detailed functional mapping of the disturbances in relative perfusion occurring after TBI. The patient population consisted of 26 cases (ages 8-61 years)between 3 months and 6 years after traumatic brain injury.A very strong case can be made for the routine use of Brain SPECT in TBI. Indeed it can provide a detailed evaluation of multiple functional consequences after TBI and is thus capable of supplementing the clinical evaluation and tailoring the therapeutic strategies needed. In so doing it also provides significant additional information beyond that available from MRI/CT. The critical factor for Brain SPECT's clinical relevance is a carefully designed technical protocol, including displays which should enable a comprehensive description of the patterns found, in a user friendly mode.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Emery dreifuss muscular dystrophy: a clinico-pathological study.

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a rare and genetically heterogeneous disorder. We report two patients with emerin deficient X-linked EDMD and two probable patients with EDMD with typical early contractures, progressive muscle weakness and cardiac involvement. Family history was noted in one case. Muscle biopsy revealed features of dystrophy in all.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Validation of the modified Berlin questionnaire to identify patients at risk for the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Awareness regarding obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) among general public as well as practicing physicians is low in India. The present study was undertaken to test the utility of modified Berlin questionnaire for risk categorization of OSA in Indian setting. METHODS: The modified Berlin questionnaire was administered in 180 middle aged adults (of 320 screened), of whom, 104 underwent overnight polysomnograhy, in a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care, referral center in north India. Questionnaire addressed the presence of frequency of snoring, wake time sleepiness, fatigue, obesity and hypertension. Subjects with persistent and frequent symptoms in any two of these three domains were considered in high risk category for obstructive sleep apnoea. Overnight polysomnograhy was performed to measure apnoea and hypopnoea index (AHI). RESULTS: Questions about the symptoms demonstrated internal consistency (Cronbach alpha correlations 0.92-0.96). Of the 180 respondents to the screening questions, 80 were in the high risk and the rest were in low risk group. For 104 subjects who underwent polysomnograhy, risk grouping was useful in prediction of AHI. High risk category predicted an AHI >5 with a sensitivity of 86 per cent, specificity of 95 per cent, positive and negative predictive values of 96 and 82 per cent respectively. These results were comparable to Berlin questionnaire study done in the western population for validation. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: On the basis of the findings of present study it is concluded that administration of modified Berlin questionnaire prior to a polysomnography study can identify high risk subjects and can thus avoid unnecessary polysomnography studies especially in resource-limited settings. To identify subjects at risk for OSA syndrome in general population, this questionnaire can be applied. However, the findings of the present study need to be confirmed further in a large number of subjects in a community-based setting.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Solid support synthesis of 6-aryl-2-substituted pyrimidin-4-yl phenols as anti-infective agents.

A library of 30 trisubstituted pyrimidines were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial and antitubercular activity. Out of the 30 compounds synthesized, 23 compounds have shown in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum in the range of 0.25-2 microg/mL and 16 compounds have shown antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra, at a concentration of 25 microg/mL.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

An efficient synthesis of aryloxyphenyl cyclopropyl methanones: a new class of anti-mycobacterial agents.

An efficient, high yield and one-pot synthesis of phenyl cyclopropyl methanones by reaction of different aryl alcohols with 4'-fluoro-4-chloro-butyrophenone in THF/DMF in the presence of NaH/TBAB is reported. Most of the methanones were further reduced to respective alcohols or methylenes. All the compounds were evaluated for their anti-tubercular activities against M. tuberculosis H37Rv in vitro displaying MICs ranging from 25 to 3.125 microg/mL. The most active compounds showed activity against MDR strains and two of them (14 and 16) showed marginal enhancement of MST in mice.

Animals↗