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Biomedical subjects

S Silverman

Publications and source records attributed to S Silverman.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Clinical characteristics and management outcome in the burning mouth syndrome. An open study of 130 patients.

Clinical characteristics and treatment responses were studied in 130 patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Most patients were postmenopausal women, and the tongue was the most frequently afflicted site. Although 39% of the patients complained of dry mouth, no causative factors were evident. Therefore BMS is assumed to be a functional disorder. This was at least partially confirmed because the most effective management was in response to mood-altering drugs. From our data BMS appears to be a chronic condition with variations in symptoms among patients and without a predictable endpoint.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Prophylactic cranial irradiation for lung cancer patients at high risk for development of cerebral metastasis: results of a prospective randomized trial conducted by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.

Beginning in February 1984, 187 evaluable patients with adenocarcinoma or large cell carcinoma of the lung clinically confined to the chest were randomized to receive either conventionally fractionated thoracic irradiation alone or thoracic irradiation with concurrent, prophylactic cranial irradiation. The study population included 161 patients treated for medically or surgically inoperable primary cancers, and 26 patients undergoing adjuvant postoperative mediastinal irradiation following attempted curative resection of primary cancers found to have metastasized to hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes. Elective brain irradiation was not effective in preventing the clinical appearance of brain metastases, although the time to develop brain metastases appears to have been delayed. Eighteen of 94 patients (19%) randomized to chest irradiation alone have developed brain metastases as opposed to 8/93 patients (9%) randomized to receive prophylactic cranial irradiation (p = .10). No survival difference was observed between the treatment arms. Among the 26 patients undergoing prior resection of all gross intrathoracic disease, brain metastases were observed in 3/12 patients (25%) receiving adjuvant chest irradiation alone, compared to none of 14 receiving prophylactic cranial irradiation (p = .06). In the absence of fully reliable therapy for the primary disease, and without effective systemic therapy preventing dissemination to other, extrathoracic sites, prophylactic cranial irradiation for inoperable non-small cell lung cancer cannot be justified in routine clinical practice. Further investigation in the adjuvant, postoperative setting may be warranted.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Research on teaching in physical education.

This article reviews research on teaching in physical education. I first consider research methodology employed in this area and then examine research related to instructional effectiveness, classroom ecology, and cognition and decision making. Conclusions and future directions are then presented that have implications for researchers, teachers, and teacher educators.

Cognition↗
PubMed1991

The validity of academic learning time-physical education (ALT-PE) as a process measure of achievement.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ALT-PE system (Version 2) is valid as a process approach to estimate student achievement. Students (N = 60) were randomly selected from a data base that includes pretest and posttest scores for two volleyball skills and seven sessions of videotaped instruction. Videotapes were collected using two cameras with a split-screen generator so most instruction and practice could be seen. ALT-PE data were coded from the videotapes. In addition to normal ALT-PE coding conventions, coders recorded the skill that was the focus of instruction. Combinations of context and learner involvement categories were summed for each skill across the seven class sessions and to form other logical categories (e.g., total motor appropriate intervals). Achievement scores were calculated by posttest on pretest regression for each skill with the residual score used for subsequent analysis. Residual achievement scores were correlated with summed ALT-PE categories. The results indicate for the serve both total motor appropriate and practice-motor appropriate intervals were related to student achievement. For the pass, practice-motor appropriate intervals were related to achievement and the total motor appropriate-achievement correlation failed significance. These results demonstrate the validity of the ALT-PE system as a process measure of achievement can be partially substantiated.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

Somatic correspondences during psychoanalysis.

Somatic as well as cognitive correspondences occur during psychoanalytic treatment. The somatic type have received little, if any, attention from the analytic community, at least in terms of published references. Somatic symptom(s), activated by external events in his or her life, first appear in the analyst. Almost immediately thereafter identical or closely similar experiences appear in the analysand and (during the treatment hour) are verbalized by him or her. Should attempts to understand correspondences stop at this point, it is easy to conclude they are due to mere coincidence, but they have deep, unconscious roots. Analytic exploration of these roots reveals practically simultaneous occurrence of certain activated conflict residues in the analyst and comparable ongoing but far less worked-through conflict areas in the analysand. The brief interval when these activated facets become approximate in intensity appears to be the trigger for the correspondence. Preoedipal aspects of unconscious conflict are more apt to be reflected in somatic correspondence, whereas oedipal aspects are more likely to be expressed in cognitive correspondence. In any event, data available from the case material reported suggest that from a psychological point of view the unconscious plays a significant role in extrasensory and unverbalized communication and suggest addition of the concept of body-language transference to that of thought transference.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Lichen planus.

During the past year, few articles have been published regarding the various aspects of oral lichen planus. The work reported dealt with a variety of aspects including patient profile, immunopathogenesis, and treatment. The papers served to confirm previous concepts of an immunologic etiology, the demographic consensus on patient profiles, and the use of topical or systemic corticosteroids as the most effective treatment approach. This review also summarizes some highlights of previous studies of oral lichen planus prior to 1990 and summarizes a current unpublished prospective study reflecting the findings in a large number of patients with oral lichen planus who have been followed for a long period of time.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1991

AIDS update. Oral manifestations and management.

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic continues to increase in magnitude and to plague the world. Dental professionals knowingly or unknowingly are involved in this pandemic because of the need to provide dental care without discrimination. Additionally, oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are common and often are major patient complaints as well as sometimes the first sign or symptom of HIV infection. Oral manifestations of HIV immunosuppression include opportunistic infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. Therefore, the dental clinician has the opportunity to recognize and diagnose oral manifestations of HIV infection and to participate in patient management and counseling.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Which oral white lesions will become malignant? An image cytometric study.

We investigated the value of image cytometry in predicting the prognosis of oral epithelial lesions, whether or not they show dysplasia. Thirty-five oral epithelial lesions were studied retrospectively. Of these, 23 had later transformed to carcinoma and 12 had not. By means of the Leitz TAS image analyzer, 200 nuclei of epithelial cells and 20 nuclei of lymphocytes from each section were individually assessed for eight features related to shape and amount of stain and for six features related to chromatin pattern. The mean, standard deviation, and interquartile range of each feature were calculated, first for each section and then for each group. With the use of linear stepwise discriminant analysis we constructed a predictive model, which consisted of three variables related to chromatin pattern. The variables were mean margination, standard deviation of clumping, and standard deviation of condensation. In the jackknife classification, this model predicted the malignant potential of the lesions that later transformed to cancer with 86% predictive value and 83% sensitivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The effect of vitamin E on lipid peroxidation in the copper-deficient rat.

The present study was designed to determine whether the supplementation of vitamin E in the copper-deficient diet would ameliorate the severity of copper deficiency in fructose-fed rats. Lipid peroxidation was measured in the livers and hearts of rats fed a copper-deficient diet (0.6 microg Cu/g) containing 62% fructose with adequate vitamin E (0.1 g/kg diet) or supplemented with vitamin E (1.0 g/kg diet). Hepatic lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced by vitamin E supplementation compared with the unsupplemented adequate rats. In contrast, myocardial lipid peroxidation was unaffected by the level of vitamin E. Regardless of vitamin E supplementation, all copper-deficient rats exhibited severe signs of copper deficiency, and some of the vitamin E-supplemented rats died of this deficiency. These findings suggest that although vitamin E provided protection against peroxidation in the liver, it did not protect the animals against the severity of copper deficiency induced by fructose consumption.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

Use of monoclonal antibody 17.13 in the diagnosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma.

We assessed the ability of monoclonal antibody (MAb) 17.13 to react with human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and other oral tissues. MAb 17.13 was reacted with acetone-fixed, serial frozen sections of 21 OSCC, 7 fibromas, 2 squamous papillomas, 1 melanosis and 3 normal oral mucosa, by means of an avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase assay. Twenty-one of 21 tumors (100% sensitivity) reacted strongly with MAb 17.13, with a homogeneous staining pattern. Individual tumor cells could be clearly seen, improving the detection of microinvasion or borderline lesions. The epithelium of benign lesions and normal oral mucosa showed staining of the basal cells only. We conclude MAb 17.13 could be used as an accurate diagnostic tool for OSCC.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiologic and demographic update in oral cancer: California and national data--1973 to 1985.

The number of new oral cancers diagnosed in the United States increases each year, with 31,000 cases reported in 1989. Unfortunately, in spite of advances in surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, only about 50% of patients with oral cancer will survive their disease. During the past 12 years in which information is available, there have been no decided changes in age (mean 63), gender (males slightly outnumber females two to one), or sites (tongue most common). The lip is the only oral site showing an interval-decreased incidence. There is a slight trend toward an improvement in earlier detection; however, about two-thirds of all oral cancers are advanced (Stage III and IV) at the time of diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Oral mucosal lesions found in smokeless tobacco users.

The risk for oral mucosal lesions associated with use of smokeless tobacco among 1,109 professional baseball players during spring training in 1988 was investigated. Leukoplakia was very strongly associated with use of smokeless tobacco in this population of healthy young men. Of the 423 current smokeless tobacco users, 196 had leukoplakia compared to seven of the 493 nonusers (OR = 60.0, 95% CI = 40.5-88.8). The amount of smokeless tobacco used (in hours per day that smokeless tobacco was held in the mouth), recency of smokeless tobacco use (hours since last use), type (snuff versus chewing tobacco), and brand of snuff used were significantly associated with risk for leukoplakic lesions among smokeless tobacco users. Ninety-eight leukoplakic areas in 92 subjects were biopsied and examined microscopically. All lesions were benign, but one specimen had mild epithelial dysplasia. The long-term significance of leukoplakia in smokeless tobacco users and their relation to oral cancer is not clear.

Adult↗