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Biomedical subjects

S Silverman

Publications and source records attributed to S Silverman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Head and neck malignancies associated with HIV infection.

Immunosuppressed persons are at greater risk of developing malignancies. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immunosuppression the most common oral cancers are Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Squamous cell carcinoma has also been reported to be associated with HIV disease. Kaposi's sarcoma is the most frequent neoplastic disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and is by far the most common in the head and neck area. This article reviews the prevalence, clinical features, and management of these diseases in HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Dental student education in oncology: design and assessment of an undergraduate course.

Five-year survival rates of oral cancer patients remain poor. To better prepare undergraduate dental students to recognize this problem and contribute to solutions, a 24-hour lecture course in oral oncology was instituted. A pre-course quiz, daily quizzes, a midterm and a final examination were administered to assess student knowledge. The course covered all aspects of oral cancer from epidemiology and etiology, through diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Student oncology knowledge was assessed by analyzing the test results of two consecutive third-year dental classes. Overall, students adequately meet the course objectives, but assessment of specific topics reveal some deficits in particular areas. Evaluation of student knowledge provides valuable information to instructors for improving course content and student achievement.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1992

Reactivity of monoclonal antibodies 17.13 and 63.12 with 141 oral mucosal lesions.

We studied the reactivity of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 17.13 and 63.12 with normal and diseased human oral mucosa by means of the immunoperoxidase technique. The specimens included: 22 normal oral tissues, 20 benign tumors, 17 lichen planus, 23 focal keratosis and epithelial hyperplasias, 18 proliferative verrucous leukoplakias, 20 dysplasias, and 21 squamous cell carcinomas. In most cases of normal mucosa and benign lesions, MAb 17.13 stained basal epithelial cells only, whereas MAb 63.12 stained all cell layers above the basal cells. In the premalignant and malignant lesions MAb 17.13 stained above the basal cells and MAb 63.12 either stained areas not stained by MAb 17.13 or the staining was absent. Based on the different staining patterns observed, there appears to be a potential value of these new reagents in diagnostic histopathology regarding specimens with equivocal cellular morphology.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1992

Precancerous lesions and oral cancer in the elderly.

Oral cancer is closely related to growing old, with over 95% of all cases occurring in individuals over age 40. In spite of advances in treatment, 5-year survival rates remain poor. Therefore, improvement in prevention and control of oral cancer is critically important. This can be accomplished through (1) reducing risks by avoiding tobacco and alcohol; (2) recognizing and treating premalignant lesions; and (3) early detection of developed oral cancers.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

A prospective study of findings and management in 214 patients with oral lichen planus.

The findings in this prospective study of 214 patients with oral lichen planus were similar to those found in our 1985 evaluation of 570 patients with oral lichen planus. These two groups of patients with oral lichen planus patients constitute the largest series from one clinic. Oral lichen planus was found mainly in women and most commonly on the buccal mucosa. Spontaneous remissions were infrequent (6.5%), as were malignant transformations (2.3%) in a mean follow-up of 7.5 years. The erosive form of oral lichen planus was most common and was almost always associated with pain. Reproducibly successful management of this T-lymphocyte disease was obtained by selective use of systemic and/or topical corticosteroids. Oral lichen planus was not associated with any evident systemic disease, drug, smoking, or genetic predisposition. Although statistically Candida albicans does not appear to occur disproportionately in large samples of patients with oral lichen planus, in some of the Candida-positive patients, antifungal medications appeared to be useful.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Clinical characteristics and management outcome in the burning mouth syndrome. An open study of 130 patients.

Clinical characteristics and treatment responses were studied in 130 patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Most patients were postmenopausal women, and the tongue was the most frequently afflicted site. Although 39% of the patients complained of dry mouth, no causative factors were evident. Therefore BMS is assumed to be a functional disorder. This was at least partially confirmed because the most effective management was in response to mood-altering drugs. From our data BMS appears to be a chronic condition with variations in symptoms among patients and without a predictable endpoint.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Prophylactic cranial irradiation for lung cancer patients at high risk for development of cerebral metastasis: results of a prospective randomized trial conducted by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.

Beginning in February 1984, 187 evaluable patients with adenocarcinoma or large cell carcinoma of the lung clinically confined to the chest were randomized to receive either conventionally fractionated thoracic irradiation alone or thoracic irradiation with concurrent, prophylactic cranial irradiation. The study population included 161 patients treated for medically or surgically inoperable primary cancers, and 26 patients undergoing adjuvant postoperative mediastinal irradiation following attempted curative resection of primary cancers found to have metastasized to hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes. Elective brain irradiation was not effective in preventing the clinical appearance of brain metastases, although the time to develop brain metastases appears to have been delayed. Eighteen of 94 patients (19%) randomized to chest irradiation alone have developed brain metastases as opposed to 8/93 patients (9%) randomized to receive prophylactic cranial irradiation (p = .10). No survival difference was observed between the treatment arms. Among the 26 patients undergoing prior resection of all gross intrathoracic disease, brain metastases were observed in 3/12 patients (25%) receiving adjuvant chest irradiation alone, compared to none of 14 receiving prophylactic cranial irradiation (p = .06). In the absence of fully reliable therapy for the primary disease, and without effective systemic therapy preventing dissemination to other, extrathoracic sites, prophylactic cranial irradiation for inoperable non-small cell lung cancer cannot be justified in routine clinical practice. Further investigation in the adjuvant, postoperative setting may be warranted.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Research on teaching in physical education.

This article reviews research on teaching in physical education. I first consider research methodology employed in this area and then examine research related to instructional effectiveness, classroom ecology, and cognition and decision making. Conclusions and future directions are then presented that have implications for researchers, teachers, and teacher educators.

Cognition↗
PubMed1991

The validity of academic learning time-physical education (ALT-PE) as a process measure of achievement.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ALT-PE system (Version 2) is valid as a process approach to estimate student achievement. Students (N = 60) were randomly selected from a data base that includes pretest and posttest scores for two volleyball skills and seven sessions of videotaped instruction. Videotapes were collected using two cameras with a split-screen generator so most instruction and practice could be seen. ALT-PE data were coded from the videotapes. In addition to normal ALT-PE coding conventions, coders recorded the skill that was the focus of instruction. Combinations of context and learner involvement categories were summed for each skill across the seven class sessions and to form other logical categories (e.g., total motor appropriate intervals). Achievement scores were calculated by posttest on pretest regression for each skill with the residual score used for subsequent analysis. Residual achievement scores were correlated with summed ALT-PE categories. The results indicate for the serve both total motor appropriate and practice-motor appropriate intervals were related to student achievement. For the pass, practice-motor appropriate intervals were related to achievement and the total motor appropriate-achievement correlation failed significance. These results demonstrate the validity of the ALT-PE system as a process measure of achievement can be partially substantiated.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

Somatic correspondences during psychoanalysis.

Somatic as well as cognitive correspondences occur during psychoanalytic treatment. The somatic type have received little, if any, attention from the analytic community, at least in terms of published references. Somatic symptom(s), activated by external events in his or her life, first appear in the analyst. Almost immediately thereafter identical or closely similar experiences appear in the analysand and (during the treatment hour) are verbalized by him or her. Should attempts to understand correspondences stop at this point, it is easy to conclude they are due to mere coincidence, but they have deep, unconscious roots. Analytic exploration of these roots reveals practically simultaneous occurrence of certain activated conflict residues in the analyst and comparable ongoing but far less worked-through conflict areas in the analysand. The brief interval when these activated facets become approximate in intensity appears to be the trigger for the correspondence. Preoedipal aspects of unconscious conflict are more apt to be reflected in somatic correspondence, whereas oedipal aspects are more likely to be expressed in cognitive correspondence. In any event, data available from the case material reported suggest that from a psychological point of view the unconscious plays a significant role in extrasensory and unverbalized communication and suggest addition of the concept of body-language transference to that of thought transference.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Lichen planus.

During the past year, few articles have been published regarding the various aspects of oral lichen planus. The work reported dealt with a variety of aspects including patient profile, immunopathogenesis, and treatment. The papers served to confirm previous concepts of an immunologic etiology, the demographic consensus on patient profiles, and the use of topical or systemic corticosteroids as the most effective treatment approach. This review also summarizes some highlights of previous studies of oral lichen planus prior to 1990 and summarizes a current unpublished prospective study reflecting the findings in a large number of patients with oral lichen planus who have been followed for a long period of time.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1991

AIDS update. Oral manifestations and management.

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic continues to increase in magnitude and to plague the world. Dental professionals knowingly or unknowingly are involved in this pandemic because of the need to provide dental care without discrimination. Additionally, oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are common and often are major patient complaints as well as sometimes the first sign or symptom of HIV infection. Oral manifestations of HIV immunosuppression include opportunistic infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. Therefore, the dental clinician has the opportunity to recognize and diagnose oral manifestations of HIV infection and to participate in patient management and counseling.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗