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Biomedical subjects

S Silberman

Publications and source records attributed to S Silberman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Coronary artery bypass surgery during pregnancy.

A 32-year-old woman, in the 22nd week of pregnancy, underwent emergency coronary artery bypass grafting to the left anterior descending artery (LAD). She had suffered an acute myocardial infarction 10 days previously, and continued to suffer from intractable angina pectoris afterwards. Cardiac catheterization revealed spontaneous dissection of the LAD. The left internal mammary artery was used to bypass the LAD, and the operation was performed on a beating heart without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. The patient's recovery was uneventful, and ultrasound examination and pulse monitoring of the fetus were both normal. She subsequently gave birth to a healthy term baby. To our knowledge this is the second report of coronary artery bypass surgery performed successfully in a pregnant woman. We believe the unique surgical approach avoided the risk of cardiopulmonary bypass to the fetus and placenta.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Neurotrophic effects of the pineal gland: role of non-neuronal cells in co-cultures of the pineal gland and superior cervical ganglia.

The pineal gland (PG) is a source of several trophic factors. In this study, PG and superior cervical ganglia (SCG) from Sprague-Dawley neonates (1-day-old) were co-cultured to test the hypothesis that endogenous release of PG NGF (or an NGF-like cytokine) is sufficient to promote survival of SCG neurons. Neuronal density of SCG neurons was significantly enhanced when co-cultured with PG for 7 days compared to SCG cultured alone. SCG survival and neurite formation in PG co-cultures was less than in SCG treated with exogenous NGF (100 ng/ml). The neurotrophic effect of PG co-cultures was abolished when 1% anti-NGF was added to the medium. Co-cultures of SCG neurons with established 7-day PG cultures induced extensive SCG neurite formation within 24 hr compared to SCG co-cultured with 1-day PG cultures. This suggests that PG neurotrophic effects are due to PG non-neuronal cells (nnc) that proliferate to confluency by 7 days in culture. S-antigen-positive pinealocytes did not proliferate in culture. There was decreased SCG survival when neurons were seeded onto PG cultures that had been previously killed by drying, which suggests that the neurotrophic effects of nnc are not substrate-dependent. Immunocytochemical characterization of PG nnc revealed a heterogenous mixture of astrocytes, macrophage/microglia, and fibroblasts. These findings support the hypothesis that NGF is actively secreted by PG and that nnc are the principal source of this neurotophin.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Immunocytochemical demonstration of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor in the pineal gland: effect of NGF on pinealocyte neurite formation.

Nerve growth factor receptor immunoreactivity (NGFRI) in the pineal gland was examined both light and electron microscopically using the monoclonal antibody 192IgG. NGFRI was located on sympathetic fibers and on perivascular cells resembling macrophage/microglia. A pineal gland dispersed cell culture model confirmed the presence of NGFRI in cells that exhibited processes of varying lengths and were distributed among pinealocytes and other flat cells. Pinealocytes in dispersed cell culture were identified immunocytochemically by their expression of S-antigen, their round shape and small size and their tendency to extend neurites in the direction of the flat cells in culture. The length of pinealocyte neurites showed a significant increase when cultured in the presence of NGF (25 ng/ml), suggesting that trophic factors, mediated by these macrophage/microglial cells, are important to the morphogenesis of these neuroendocrine cells. Neurotrophic activation of these neuroendocrine macrophage/microglia may have neuro-immunomodulatory implications leading to expression of proteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Fiscal and clinical evaluation of patient care. A case management model for the future.

The cost of healthcare within the United States continues to climb as does the number of individuals who have limited access to the healthcare system. By the year 2000, healthcare costs are predicted to comprise 15% of the gross national product. Over the last 10 years, the number of Americans who do not have financial protection from medical costs has risen dramatically. Presently, an estimated 35 million individuals have no insurance or other coverage.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The influence of ethanol on cell membrane fluidity, migration, and invasion of murine melanoma cells.

The short-term effects of ethanol (85.4, 170.8, and 256.2 mM) on cellular viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion were investigated on murine melanoma cells. Experiments with the fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene indicated that the two highest concentrations of ethanol induced low microviscosity (high lipid fluidity). Cellular viability and proliferation, as determined by the incorporation of [3H]IdUR, were unaffected by all three concentrations of ethanol. A membrane migration assay and a collagen type IV invasion assay evaluated cellular migration and invasion, respectively. For B16F10 and K1735 cells, the migration rate was significantly increased by 170.8 and 256.2 mM concentrations of ethanol. Although the invasion of B16F10 cells was not affected, invasion of K1735 cells was inhibited by 170.8 and 256.2 mM ethanol. The effect of ethanol on the cytoskeleton was monitored by fluorescent staining of F-actin. In contrast to untreated cells, F-actin staining of 256.2 mM ethanol-treated cells showed spike-like projections from the cell surface. Our findings suggest that ethanol can influence cell migration and invasion in vitro, as well as F-actin organization.

Actins↗
PubMed1988

Inhibition by human recombinant tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases of human amnion invasion and lung colonization by murine B16-F10 melanoma cells.

The human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 28,000. It appears to be ubiquitous in human mesoderm tissues and has previously been shown to be identical to the collagenase inhibitor isolated from human skin fibroblasts. TIMP inhibits type I- and IV-specific collagenases and other neutral metalloendoproteinases that may be responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix in tumor cell metastasis. In this work we have utilized recombinant human TIMP (rTIMP) obtained by expression of its cDNA gene (Carmichael et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83:2407, 1986). The rTIMP is shown to have similar inhibition properties as natural TIMP against human skin fibroblast collagenase. In an in vitro amnion invasion assay system, rTIMP inhibited the invasion of B16-F10 murine melanoma cells through the human amniotic membrane at an identical concentration to that reported previously for natural TIMP. The mechanism by which rTIMP inhibits amniotic membrane invasion was compared to the mechanism by which the fibronectin receptor binding peptide RGDS and the aminin receptor binding peptide YIGSR inhibit amnion invasion. RGDS and YIGSR inhibited strong binding of the tumor cells to the amniotic membrane. In contrast rTIMP did not inhibit the cell adhesion step in amnion invasion, but actually increased the number of tumor cells that were tightly bound to the amnion. Thus rTIMP appears to inhibit a later step in the amnion invasion process, following B16-F10 cell adhesion. C57BL/6 mice treated with i.p. injections of rTIMP every 12 h for 6.5 days showed a significant inhibition of metastatic lung colonization by B16-F10 murine melanoma cells. While the rTIMP inhibited the number of metastatic lung tumors formed, it had no significant effect on the size of the lung tumors. Furthermore, tumors grown s.c. in mice receiving 12-h i.p. injections of rTIMP for 6.5 days, as in the in vivo colonization assay, showed no difference in size from controls. Thus the anticolonization effect of rTIMP appears not be due to an effect on tumor growth, but on the invasion step itself. The inhibition of lung colonization in C57BL/6 mice by rTIMP is one of the first examples showing an antimetastatic effect of a selective metalloproteinase inhibitor in a mammalian animal model, and supports an essential role for metalloproteinase(s) in the extravasation and invasion of tumor cells during lung colonization by blood-borne tumor cells.

Amnion↗
PubMed1986

Pseudo-Chediak-Higashi anomaly in a child with a hepatic vascular malformation.

A case of a congenital hepatic vascular malformation in a child complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemolytic anemia is presented. Examination of the peripheral blood disclosed the presence in the leukocytes of giant intracytoplasmic inclusions resembling those of the Chediak-Higashi anomaly. Ultrastructural analysis characterized those inclusions as phagocytosed red cell debris, a result of mechanical destruction of the red cells.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1986

Assessment of thrombogenicity of activated and non-activated prothrombin concentrates in a rat model.

In vitro clotting activity of rats injected with different preparations of prothrombin concentrates was measured. Animals rendered deficient in vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors by early coumadin (warfarin) pretreatment, followed by injections of concentrate preparations were also evaluated. Findings indicate a dose-related response in abnormal coagulation changes demonstrable with each preparation and lack of protection of intravascular coagulation by coumadin anticoagulation. Furthermore, a role for in vivo factor VII activation of haemostasis following concentrate administration could not be elicited.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in Down's syndrome: report of a case and review of cytogenetic findings.

A case of a child with trisomy 21 and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMBL) is reported. Histological examination of the bone marrow showed progressive fibrosis and replacement with megakaryoblasts. The diagnosis was confirmed by platelet peroxidase reaction and immunofluorescent staining with anti-factor VIII. Serial cytogenetic studies using banding techniques at various stages during the course of the disease (preleukemia, leukemia, remission, and relapse) showed several chromosomal abnormalities (unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 1 and 4 leading to trisomy 1q, trisomy 7q, monosomy 7p, and a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 10 and 16). AMBL in childhood is probably more common than previously reported. Any association between AMBL and a particular cytogenetic abnormality must await further cytogenetic studies, specifically those employing banding techniques.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Acetylcholinesterase in cultured human leukemia/lymphoma cell lines.

Fifty-two cultured leukemia/lymphoma cell lines were studied for their acetylcholinesterase activity. There was a striking effect of maturity on enzyme activity, only the most mature cells showing significant activity. Mature T cells exhibited far more enzyme activity than mature B cells, paralleling results on normal T and B cells.

B-Lymphocytes↗