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Biomedical subjects

S Shuster

Publications and source records attributed to S Shuster.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Inhibition of sebum excretion by an H2 blocker.

Cimetidine, 1g orally per day, partially inhibited sebum excretion in patients with acne. Whether this was the result of H2-receptor blockade or an antiandrogen action is unknown.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1979

Psoriasis and cancer.

The incidence of skin cancer in patients with psoriasis seems to be low, despite repeated use of known carcinogens in treating the disorder. This may be due to a reduced capacity of psoriatic skin to metabolise precarcinogens because of impaired arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity. If this hypothesis is correct, and impaired AHH activity in psoriatic skin is shared by other tissues, the incidence of cancers associated with environmental carcinogens may also be reduced in patients with psoriasis. Since the disease is probably genetically transmitted as a dominant trait, it may have persisted because it confers genetic advantage. This hypothesis, though speculative, provides a basis for further study.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of photochemotherapy and dithranol in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis.

A two-centre trial has been carried out on 224 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis randomly allocated to treatment with a standard dithranol regimen of 8-methoxypsoralen and long-wave ultraviolet light (P.U.V.A.). Lesions in 91% of the 113 in the P.U.V.A. group cleared satisfactorily compared with 82% of 111 in the dithranol group, but clearing took longer (34.4 +/- 1.8 S.E. days) with P.U.V.A. than with dithranol (20.4 +/- 0.9 S.E. days). P.U.V.A. treatment took less patient-time and nurse-time and was more convenient and acceptable to the patients. Patients in whom lesions had failed to clear with dithranol, and some who had needed methotrexate for control, responded satisfactorily to P.U.V.A. A few patients who had failed on P.U.V.A. were treated with dithranol and responded to it. There is a case for the use of P.U.V.A. for patients who would otherwise require methotrexate and those who cannot be managed successfully with dithranol. There is also no reason to withhold P.U.V.A. in patients of 60 years or above with chronic plaque psoriasis. However, despite its superiority in terms of cost and patient acceptability, P.U.V.A. cannot be recommended as the first line of treatment for patients with uncomplicated, dithranol-responsive plaque psoriasis until there is more information on relapse-rate and toxicity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in psoriatic skin.

The activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (A.H.H.), a microsomal mono-oxygenase, was reduced in epidermis from both the psoriatic lesions and clinically normal lesion-free skin from psoriatic patients. Induction of epidermal A.H.H. activity by benzanthracene was also significantly less than normal in both psoriatic lesions and in clinically normal skin from patients with psoriasis. The enzyme defect may be related to the primary genetic abnormality of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in adult human skin.

1 Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), a mixed-function oxidase system, has been identified in microsomal preparations of adult breast skin and foreskin. 2 Separation of dermis from epidermis by stretching, showed that AHH activity in human skin is almost exclusively located within the epidermis. 3 Preincubation of whole chopped skin with benzanthracene (5 muM to 100 muM) using a tissue culture system was accompanied by a concentration dependent increase in AHH activity. 4 Although there was no significant difference in AHH activity between the two sites, individuals differed markedly from one another in activity at any one site. Activity was observed to be positively correlated with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The cause of striae distensae.

Striae are always initiated by stretch whether the stretch is excessive or minimal: spontaneous striae do not occur. Cross-linkage of collagen appears to be more important than amount of collagen in permitting striae in response to stretch. An increase in cross linkage as in age increases the resistance to stretch deformation, but this rigidity leads ultimately to tearing of the skin and not striae. At the other extreme, the absence of crosslinkage leads to "elasticity" and excessive stretching with eventual rupture of the skin if the stretch goes beyond the elastic limit, but again, no striae. Striae appear to occur therefore only in skin in which the rigid cross-linked collagen and "elastic" unlinked collagen thus permitting a limited degree of stretch and a limited intradermal rupture, i.e. striae. (Although rigidity and elasticity are presented here in terms of collagen cross-linkage it seems probable that changes in interfibrillary materials such as glycosaminoglycans will prove important in this respect). This balance of stretch and limited tear is a continuous process and is an adaptation to the needs of growth in adolescence and change in body mass in early adult life and there are many many subclinical "striae" for each gross tear which is recognised clinically. An important factor likewise appears to be rate of stretch since if it is very slow, striae are less likely; there is "give" and new collagen formation. Although this working hypothesis is consonant with the facts only further work will show whether this smooth consonance is that of the fable or the weathered rock of fact.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗