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Biomedical subjects

S Shulman

Publications and source records attributed to S Shulman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Children's fears: cultural and developmental perspectives.

A modified version of the Revised Fear Survey Schedule for Children was administered to 865 Israeli Jewish and Israeli Bedouin children, 8-12 yr-old. Consistent with former studies, there was an age-related decline in fears and females reported more fears than males. Comparison of Jewish and Bedouin children's reports of fears showed significant quantitative and qualitative differences between the two groups. Results underscore the salience of both developmental and cultural factors in the development and nature of children's fears.

Arabs↗
PubMed1996

Some statistical procedures for analytical method accuracy tests and estimation.

In 1974 the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration joined to complete exposure standards promulgated by federal regulations. In that effort NIOSH scientists developed an accuracy criterion (AC) and a statistical protocol for evaluating fulfillment of that AC by an analytical method. This article extends that foundation and proposes a new approach to accuracy analyses. It concentrates on the case of known bias, but attempts to bridge the procedures from that case to one in which the bias is estimated. The article emphasizes a general and flexible approach to the design and analysis of more informative and effective method accuracy studies. These empower the user/investigator to design and analyze studies to be most useful and informative for specific requirements.

Bias↗
PubMed1996

Corrections to the target and critical values for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health validation tests.

In 1974 the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration joined to complete exposure standards promulgated by federal regulations. In that effort NIOSH scientists developed an accuracy criterion (AC) and a statistical protocol for evaluating its fulfillment. That AC and those procedures have been widely used ever since. This article presents corrections to the target and critical coefficients of variation published as part of the statistical protocol.

Bias↗
PubMed1995

The biosphere below.

More than a mile below Earth's surface, tiny creatures thrive in searing heat and crushing pressure. Scientists think these microorganisms might teach us about the origins and evolution of early life.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1995

Treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis and prevention of rheumatic fever: a statement for health professionals. Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the American Heart Association.

Primary prevention of acute rheumatic fever is accomplished by proper identification and adequate antibiotic treatment of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GAS) tonsillopharyngitis. Diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis is best accomplished by a throat culture. Penicillin (either oral penicillin V or injectable benzathine penicillin) remains the treatment of choice, because it is cost effective, has a narrow spectrum of activity, has long-standing proven efficacy, and GAS resistant to penicillin have not been documented. Various macrolides, oral cephalosporins, and other beta-lactam agents are acceptable alternatives, particularly in penicillin-allergic individuals. The individual who has had an attack of rheumatic fever is at very high risk of developing recurrences after subsequent GAS pharyngitis and needs continuous antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent such recurrences (secondary prevention). The duration of prophylaxis depends on the number of previous attacks, the time lapsed since the last attack, the risk of exposure to streptococcal infections, the age of the patient, and the presence or absence of cardiac involvement. Penicillin is again the agent of choice for secondary prophylaxis, but sulfadiazine or erythromycin are acceptable alternatives in penicillin-allergic individuals. This report is an update of a 1988 statement by this committee. It expands on the previous statement, includes more recent therapeutic modalities, and makes more specific recommendations for the duration of secondary prophylaxis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

The functions of pen pals for adolescents.

We questioned adolescents in Israel who wished to have a pen pal concerning their motives and their reasons for wanting such a relationship. Results showed that pen pal correspondence was more frequently sought during the earlier years of adolescence and particularly among girls. Adolescents' motives and reasons for wanting a pen pal suggested that such a correspondence may serve the growing need for a close and intimate friend as well as a search for an imaginary companion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Close relationships and coping behavior in adolescence.

In line with the notion emphasizing the role of social support in individual coping, this paper discusses the role of close relationships during adolescence and their contribution to individual coping. Data from a series of studies conducted mainly on early adolescents show that the availability of family and peers combined with support of a youngster's independence contributes to individual adaptive coping. In addition, data show the contribution of close relationships to coping differs for males and females. It is suggested that though close relationships are crucial for coping with stress, their significance changes across context (family, peers) and gender during adolescence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗