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Biomedical subjects

S Shukla

Publications and source records attributed to S Shukla.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effects of extinction alone and extinction plus functional communication training on covariation of problem behaviors.

In this investigation, extinction (EXT) was applied alone or in combination with functional communication training (FCT) to less severe topographies of problem behavior while more severe topographies continued to be reinforced. EXT alone decreased less severe and increased more severe topographies of problem behavior (i.e., response covariation), whereas EXT with FCT reduced all topographies of problem behavior to near-zero levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Healing of chronic antral gastritis: effect of sucralfate and colloidal bismuth subcitrate.

BACKGROUND: Colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) causes endoscopic and histological improvement in gastritis and eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). The effect of sucralfate, a cytoprotective drug, on endoscopic and histologic gastritis and H pylori clearance is not clear. We studied the effect of CBS and sucralfate on these features in patients with NUD. METHODS: Sixty three patients with NUD and H pylori infection were randomized to receive one of the following for four weeks: (i) CBS (240 mg twice daily) (Group 1); (ii) placebo I, similar in size, color and shape to CBS (Group 2); (iii) sucralfate (2.0 g twice daily) (Group 3) and (iv) placebo II, similar to sucralfate (Group 4). Symptoms, endoscopic and histological findings and H pylori status were assessed before and after treatment. RESULTS: Similar symptomatic improvement was observed with each treatment, indicating a placebo effect. Significant endoscopic and histological improvement was observed with CBS only. CBS was better than sucralfate in inducing endoscopic and histological improvement. Clearance rate of H pylori was 46.6% with CBS, 16.6% with its placebo, 33.3% with sucralfate and 13.3% with its placebo. CONCLUSION: CBS is more effective than sucralfate in inducing endoscopic and histologic healing of H pylori-related gastritis among NUD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Evidence for a role of inhibition of sympathetic neurotransmission in the cardiovascular effects of intravenously administered verapamil.

The effects of intravenous administration of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem on sympathetic stimulation-induced increase in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) have been investigated in chloralose-anaesthetized and artificially-ventilated cats. Verapamil (300 micrograms kg(-1) i.v.) produced a significant inhibition of sympathetically-induced tachycardia and pressor responses. The same dose of verapamil did not significantly alter adrenaline (2 micrograms kg(-1) i.v.) induced increase in HR and BP. In contrast, neither the sympathetically-induced nor the adrenaline-induced pressor and tachycardiac responses were significantly affected by nifedipine or diltiazem. These results demonstrate that peripherally administered verapamil but not nifedipine and diltiazem can inhibit cardiovascular sympathetic neurotransmission and this can possibly contribute to its effects on HR and BP.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Novel pyrimidinediones and thiazolidinones as anti depressants.

2-Mercapto-5-[4'-methoxy phenyl thiourea]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (2a-c) prepared by the condensation of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (1) with substituted phenyl isothiocyanates. Further on cyclisation with malonic acid in the presence of acetyl chloride gave the corresponding 2-mercapto-5-[3-(4-methoxy phenyl)-2-thioxo-2-5-dihydro-4, 6-pyrimidionoyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (3a-c) [sequence: see text]. This on further reaction with substituted aryl aldehydes in presence of zinc chloride gave 2-mercapto-5-[3-(4'-methoxy phenyl)-2'-thioxo-2',5'-dihydro-4',6' -pyrimidionoyl 5'-phenyl carboxaldehyde]-1,3,4- thiadiazole (4a-g) [sequence: see text]. The compounds were screened for antidepressant activity and compared with antidepressant (imipramine).

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Morphine, clonidine coadministration in subanalgesic doses: effective control of tonic pain.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether clonidine and morphine interact positively to produce analgesia against the low intensity tonic pain represented by the formalin model in rats. Sub-threshold doses of morphine (0.5 mg kg-1) and clonidine (0.025 mg kg-1) were found to elicit marked antinociceptive effects when co-administered intraperitoneally, 15 min prior to formalin challenge. Repeated administration of this combination for eight days did not exhibit any significant decay of this analgesic response, whilst morphine (2 mg kg-1)-induced analgesia, deteriorated after similar administration. Clonidine and morphine thus exhibit a supra-additive effect against low intensity pain with negligible potential for induction of tolerance. This finding may be relevant for the long term control of chronic pain in certain clinical conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Experimental anorexigenic effect of a membrane proteoglycan isolated from plants.

The cessation of eating under normal physiological conditions is a voluntary act induced by a conscious sensation known as satiety. In pathological situations there is loss of appetite or anorexia. We have been able to isolate and characterize a proteoglycan from membranes of mono- and dicotyledonous plant sprouts which reduced the food intake significantly when injected into murine model systems without any rebound. Due to its membrane origin, it has been termed 'satiomem'. The plant proteoglycan (50 kDa) consisted of 70-85% carbohydrates and 15-30% proteins.

Animals↗