Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Shiosaka

Publications and source records attributed to S Shiosaka.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Evidence for the existence of a substance P-containing pathway from the nucleus laterodorsalis tegmenti (Castaldi) to the medial frontal cortex of the rat.

A long ascending substance P (SP)-containing pathway from the nucleus laterodorsalis tegmenti (TLD) to the medial frontal cortex (MFC) has been demonstrated by means of experimental immunohistochemical procedures. The unilateral destruction of the TLD, which contains numerous SP-like immunoreactive (SPLI) cells, resulted in a marked ipsilateral decrease in the SPLI fibers in the MFC.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1983

Experimental and immunohistochemical studies concerning the major origins of the substance P-containing fibers in the lateral lemniscus and lateral parabrachial area of the rat, including the fiber pathways.

The origins and pathways of substance P-containing fibers in the lateral lemniscus and lateral parabrachial area of the rat were investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Following the placement of various knife cuts or lesions, the following could be concluded: (1) The cells of origin of substance P-containing fibers in the lateral lemniscus and lateral parabrachial area are localized in the ventral reticular formation of the rhombencephalon from the level of P2.8 to P7.0 in the atlas of Palkovits and Jacobowitz; (2) The fibers from these origins pass the ventral reticular formation of the rhombencephalon to form a dense bundle; (3) the fibers turn dorsally at the mid-rhombencephalon junction to reach the lateral lemniscus and lateral parabrachial area. The present study demonstrates the linking of the functions of the parabrachial area and lateral lemniscus via substance P innervation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Overall distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing nerves on the wall of cerebral arteries: an immunohistochemical study using whole-mounts.

The overall distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity on the wall of the cerebral arteries, including its 3-dimensional profile, was investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescence method using flat-mounts. VIP-immunoreactive fibers run spirally on the wall of the cerebral arteries. On the wall of the large arteries, such as the vertebral artery, basilar artery, internal carotid artery, within and/or without the circle of Willis, posterior and anterior communicating arteries, proximal parts of anterior, mid and posterior cerebral arteries, these fibers are richly distributed and show a dense grid-like appearance. The highest density was identified on the wall of the anterior cerebral artery, internal carotid artery and anterior communicating artery, while the lowest density was on the posterior communicating artery. On the other hand, on the walls of the branches of these arteries or along distal parts of the anterior, mid and posterior cerebral arteries, the number of VIP-immunoreactive fibers decreased markedly.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Ontogeny of cholecystokinin-8 containing neuron system of the rat: an immunohistochemical analysis--II. Lower brain stem.

The ontogeny of the cholecystokinin-8 neuron system in the lower brain stem of the rat was investigated by means of indirect immunofluorescence. Cholecystokinin-8-like immunoreactive structures first appeared in the primordium of the ventral tegmental area, ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden and the area lateral to the superior central nucleus of the fetus on gestational day 17. Although cholecystokinin-8-like immunoreactive structures appeared gradually in various lower brain stem areas from this day, and developed markedly from postnatal day 6, thereafter, the ontogeny of cells and fibers was different. In general, the fibers increased in number as the rats grew and reached the maximum in adulthood, whereas the cells reached a maximum number between postnatal days 6-12, after which they decreased in number. Colchicine treatment, however, demonstrated the presence of cholecystokinin-8-like immunoreactive cells in various areas of the lower brain stem. These findings suggest that the cholecystokinin-containing neuron system is active in the adult and that cholecystokinin-containing cell somata cannot store a sufficient amount of the peptide for visualization in the absence of colchicine. Thus, it might be concluded that cholecystokinin may play an important role in the brain function of the adult as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, though its exact function is now open to discussion.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The distribution of cholecystokinin octapeptide-like structures in the lower brain stem of the rat: an immunohistochemical analysis.

The distribution of immunoreactive cholecystokininoctapeptide (CCK-8)-like structures in the lower brain stem of the rat was investigated using indirect immunofluorescence. In addition to the well known immunoreactive CCK-8-like containing cell groups such as those in the ventral tegmental area, substantia grisea centralis of the mesencephalon, and n. linealis rostralis, the present study demonstrated a much wider distribution of immunoreactive CCK-8-like cells in the lower brain stem, i.e. those in the inferior colliculus, n. parabrachialis colliculi posterioris, lateral lemniscus, lateral parabrachial area, n. centralis superior, nucleus of group O, pontine substantia grisea centralis, n. tractus solitarii, area postrema, n. tractus spinalis nervi trigemini and reticular formation just dorsal to the inferior olivary complex. We also demonstrated an extensive network of immunoreactive CCK-8-like fibers in various areas of the lower brain stem, including the auditory system, visual system, viscerosensory area, parabrachial nucleus, dorsal and ventral tegmental nuclei, and interpeduncular nucleus. The possible importance of CCK is briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Ontogeny of neurotensin-containing neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis--II. Lower brain stem.

The ontogeny of the neurotensin neuron system in the lower brain stem of the rat was investigated by means of indirect immunofluorescent method. Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity-containing cells first appear in the primordium of the n. tractus solitarii, n. tractus spinalis nervi trigemini, reticular formation just medial to the latter nucleus, n. reticularis parvocellularis, n. laterodorsalis tegmenti, and midbrain reticular formation of the fetus at gestational day 17. At gestional day 18, neurotensin-immunoreactive cells newly appear in the n. raphe dorsalis. Between gestational day 19 and postnatal day 7, the animals show a remarkable increase in number of immunoreactive cells and fibers in various lower brain stem areas except for n. tractus spinalis nervi trigemini and n. tractus solitarii. Moreover, during this stage, neurotensin-immunoreactive cells located in the n. prepositus hypoglossi and n. vestibularis lateralis appear for the first time at birth and postnatal day 5, respectively. Since postnatal day 7, although the majority of immunoreactive cells located in the lower brain stem decrease in number as the rats grow, immunoreactive cells in the n. tractus spinalis nervi trigemini, on the contrary, increase in number from after birth until postnatal day 10, and maintain more or less their immunoreactivity even in the adult rat. In addition, neurotensin-immunoreactive cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract increase in number during the fetal period, reach the maximum content at postnatal day 7-10, and maintain their immunoreactivity even in the adult rats. Thus, the present study demonstrated that neurotensin-like immunoreactive structures appear at a very early ontogenetical stage, suggesting that neurotensin plays an important role in the development of the lower brain stem of the rat. In addition, the present study further showed that neurotensin-immuno-reactivity shows various fluctuations during the ontogeny, suggesting multiple functions of neurotensin in the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Evidence for the existence of a neurotensin-containing pathway from the endopiriform nucleus and the adjacent prepiriform cortex to the anterior olfactory nucleus and nucleus of diagonal band (Broca) of the rat.

The origin of neurotensin-like immunoreactive fibers to the anterior olfactory nucleus and nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca of the rat were elucidated experimentally using the indirect immunofluorescence method. Neurotensin-like immunoreactive fibers located in these areas decreased remarkably in numbers on the operated side after the destruction of the ventral part of the endopiriform nucleus and the adjacent prepiriform cortex where numerous cells with neurotensin-like immunoreactivity were detected. This strongly suggests that such cells located in the endopiriform nucleus and the adjacent prepiriform cortex send a neurotensin-like projection ipsilaterally to the anterior olfactory nucleus and to the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Precise terminal fields of the descending somatostatinergic neuron system from the amygdaloid complex of the rat.

The descending somatostatin (SOM) tract from the amygdaloid complex to the lower brain stem and upper cervical cord in the rat was investigated experimentally by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique. The present study demonstrates that SOM neurons in the amygdaloid complex send their axons ipsilaterally to various lower brain stem areas and to the upper cervical cord, because destruction of the amygdaloid complex resulted in various degrees of ipsilateral reduction of SOM fibers: a marked decrease in n. reticularis pontis oralis et caudalis, n. reticularis parvocellularis, n. reticularis gigantocellularis, n. reticularis medulae oblongatae pars dorsalis et ventralis and hypoglossal nucleus; a less marked decrease in the midbrain reticular formation, central gray matter of the mesencephalon, facial nucleus and lamina VII of REXED of the upper cervical cord from C1 to C2; and a small decrease in n. reticularis paramedianus and n. reticularis lateralis. These findings were supported by other experiments performed in this study.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1983

Leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the chicken retina with a special reference to its fine structures.

Leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (LEI) in the chicken retina was investigated using light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. A flat-mount technique for light microscopy clearly demonstrated that LEI cells were distributed widely throughout the entire retina, without any differences between the central and peripheral retinal regions. Frozen sections for light microscopy confirmed the previous findings in pigeons that LEI is localized in amacrine cells. The present electron microscopic observations confirmed the findings of light microscopy and revealed that LEI terminals make synaptic contract mainly with vesicle-containing processes that seemed to belong to the amacrine cells. The present study further suggests that LEI terminals are both pre- and postsynaptic elements onto vesicle-containing processes mentioned above.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A morphological analysis of a new mutant mice with paralytic club feet, peroneal muscular atrophy (pma).

To determine the pathomechanism of the condition of CF 1 mutant mice which present paralytic club feet, anatomicohistological analysis (conventional histological staining, silver impregnation, cholinesterase staining, and retrograde tracer technique of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)) were carried out. CF 1 homozygotic mutant mice lacked the common peroneal nerve, while tibial nerve is larger than that of normal mice when they were compared at the similar levels of the posterior limbs. Anterior and lateral crural muscles of the homozygotic mutant mice except for peroneus longus and brevis muscles showed large group muscle atrophy. HRP study indicated that the number of HRP labeled cells after injection of HRP into the anterior and lateral crural muscles decreased remarkably in number in the homozygotic mutant mice, comparing with that of the normal mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Multiple innervation by substance P-containing fibers in the parabrachial area of the rat.

The present study demonstrates that a large number of substance P (SP) fibers in the parabrachial area (PB) of the rat originate from at least three sources. The majority of SP fibers in the lateral surface of the lateral parabrachial area (PBLI) and medical parabrachial area originate from SP neurons located caudal to the PB. Some of the SP fibers in the PBLI originate from SP neurons located rostral to the PB. SP fibers in the ventral part of the lateral parabrachial area originate from SP cells from the pons at the level of the PB.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Origins of substance P-containing fibers in the lateral septal area of young rats: immunohistochemical analysis of experimental manipulations.

The majority of substance P-like immunoreactive (SPLI) fibers in the lateral septal area (LS) are supplied by SPLI cells in the area (BAL) between the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus, and by those in the nucleus latero-dorsalis tegmenti (TLD). These conclusions are based on following: (1) Unilateral destruction of the BAL resulted in an ipsilateral decrease in the septal SPLI fibers similar to that seen after the destruction of the TLD, and (2) simultaneous destruction of the BAL and TLD caused a marked reduction of SPLI fibers in the LS on the operated side. The possibility that the destruction of the BAL affected the ascending SPLI system from the TLD seems to be excluded, because (1) the destruction of the TLD resulted in a decrease in SPLI fibers in the ipsilateral medial forebrain bundle (MFB), but failed to reduce the number of SPLI fibers in the BAL, and (2) the destruction of the BAL caused a decrease in SPLI fibers in the perifornical area rostral to the lesion, but failed to reduce the number of SPLI fibers in the MFB. These facts further suggest that ascending SPLI fibers from the BAL travel in the perifornical area and those from the TLD pass through the MFB. It should be noted that a few SPLI fibers remained intact following the simultaneous destruction of the BAL and TLD. The present study suggests that these remaining SPLI fibers might be innervated by intrinsic SPLI cells. In support of this, several SPLI cells were detected in the septal area after colchicine pretreatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the lower brainstem of the human fetus: an immunohistochemical study.

The regional distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive (SPI) structures in the lower brainstem of the human fetus was investigated using the indirect immunofluorescence technique. SPI cells were found in a number of areas including the inferior colliculus, central gray matter of the midbrain, n. laterodorsalis tegmenti, midbrain and medullary reticular formation, n. vestibularis inferior, and n. prepositus hypoglossi. An extensive network of SPI fibers of varying densities were identified throughout the lower brainstem.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1982

Ontogeny of the neurotensin-containing neuron system of the rat: immunohistochemical analysis. I. Forebrain and diencephalon.

The ontogeny of the neurotensin (NT) neuron system in the forebrain and diencephalon of the rat was investigated by means of indirect immunofluorescence. NT-positive structures first appear in the primordium of the olfactory bulb, anterior amygdaloid area, piriform cortex, amygdaloid complex, nucleus tractus diagonalis, lateral preoptic area, and lateral hypothalamus, etc., of the fetus of gestational day 16. From this day, NT-positive structures appear gradually in various areas of the forebrain and diencephalon and reach their maximum content on postnatal day 7. In contrast, NT-positive structures decrease slightly in number as the rat grows. However, even in adult rats, numerous NT-positive structures are still identifiable in various areas of the forebrain and diencephalon.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Ontogeny of the peptidergic system in the rat spinal cord: immunohistochemical analysis.

The ontogeny of neuropeptides, such as somatostatin (SRIF), substance P (SP), leucine-enkephalin (LE), and neurotensin (NT) in the spinal cord (including the spinal ganglion) of the rat, was examined by means of the indirect immunofluorescence method. SRIF and SP appear in the early fetal period before the establishment of the spinal synaptic transmission system, and their appearance precedes that of LE and NT, thus suggesting that SRIF and SP might have some important role in the development of the spinal cord. Furthermore, a number of SRIF-positive structures are found during the fetal period in the spinal cord; however, SRIF-positive fibers in the ventral horn, lamina V, VI, and X tend to decrease remarkably in number after birth, while those found in the dorsal horn maintain their immunoreactivity even in the adult rats. These facts suggest that SRIF in the latter area might function as a neurotransmitter, whereas in the former areas, SRIF might have another role in the development of the spinal cord. SP-positive structures also made their appearance during the fetal period. SP-positive fibers continue to increase in number after birth, and they can be seen throughout the entire spinal cord even in the adult rats. It becomes difficult to identify SP-positive neurons as the rats grow. Numerous SP-positive cells are demonstrated, however, by colchicine pretreatment, thus suggesting that this system is functioning actively in the adult rats. LE- and NT-positive structures appear at perinatal stages and they continue to increase in number after birth. These facts suggest that these peptides (SP, LE and NT) might act as neurotransmitters.

Aging↗