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Biomedical subjects

S Shiosaka

Publications and source records attributed to S Shiosaka.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Immunohistochemical evidence for the coexistence of calcitonin gene-related peptide- and choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity in neurons of the rat hypoglossal, facial and ambiguus nuclei.

The present immunocytochemical study demonstrates that calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactivity (CGRPI) coexists with acetylcholine in single cells of hypoglossal, facial and ambiguus nuclei. The experiments were done using alternate frozen sections from relevant regions of the rat brain. We further show that CGRPI is localized in the nerve terminals that form neuromuscular junctions in the tongue muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Somatostatinergic neurons in the insular cortex project to the spinal cord: combined retrograde axonal transport and immunohistochemical study.

A double-labeling method combining immunohistochemistry and a retrograde tracer technique using biotin-horseradish peroxidase (B-HRP) was employed to identify a descending somatostatinergic fiber system from the insular cortex to the spinal cord. Injection of B-HRP into the spinal cord at cervical or lumbar levels resulted in the labeling of a number of neurons in the insular cortex. Simultaneous immunostaining revealed the existence of double-labeled neurons in the insular cortex. The result provides direct evidence for the presence of a descending somatostatinergic pathway from the insular cortex to lumbar levels of the spinal cord.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactive fibers in the medial preoptic area of the rat: their distribution and origin.

We studied the distribution of fibers with leucine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (L-ENKI) in the medial preoptic area (MPO) of the rat, and the origins of such fibers, using indirect immunofluorescence and a combination of a retrograde tracer with immunocytochemistry that we have developed. These fibers were very dense throughout the rostro-caudal part of the MPO. The distribution was uneven with the highest density in the lateral part. Destruction of the arcuate nucleus, which contains a group of L-ENKI neurons, resulted in the marked reduction of these fibers in the ipsilateral MPO, suggesting that most of these fibers originate in this nucleus. This was also suggested by the fact that injection of biotin-wheat germ agglutinin into the MPO labelled many neurons in the arcuate nucleus ipsilaterally. Simultaneous staining with antiserum showed that some of these neurons are L-ENKI.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Three-dimensional distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the urinary bladder of rat.

The overall distribution of substance P-like immunoreactive (SPI) fibers in the rat urinary bladder was examined by means of frozen sections and whole mount preparations. Two types of SPI fibers entered the urinary bladder from the neck; one forming thick fiber bundles and the other around the blood vessels. These SPI fiber bundles branched into several thinner segments which often project many collaterals to the smooth muscle and submucosal layers. In the smooth muscle layer, single SPI fibers were seen running parallel to both longitudinal and circular muscle bundles. They appeared to be evenly distributed in the smooth muscle layer. SPI fiber bundles located in the circular muscle layer dissociated SPI fibers which entered the submucosal layer, where they directed to the epithelium and formed a meshwork just beneath it. SPI fibers often left the meshwork to enter the epithelium where abundant arborization of fine SPI fibers was seen. The density of SPI fibers in the submucosal layer and epithelium was not even. The highest density was identified in the neck and the trigonum area.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive structures in the rat stomach with special reference to the noradrenaline neuron system.

The origins and overall distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive (NPYI) structures in the rat stomach were investigated by immunofluorescent staining of muscle strips from rats subjected to chemical and surgical neurotomy. The present study has demonstrated that the majority of NPYI fibers in the myenteric plexus and along the blood vessels in the muscle layers originate from NPYI cell bodies located in the celiac ganglion, which also contains noradrenaline. The remaining NPYI fibers in the circular and longitudinal muscle layer and a small number of NPYI fibers in the myenteric plexus do not contain noradrenaline and are of intrinsic origin. Noradrenaline fibers in the muscle layer are not associated with blood vessels. They originate from the celiac ganglion but do not contain NPYI structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Topographic localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the rat brain: an immunohistochemical analysis.

The distribution of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide in the rat brain was investigated by means of an indirect immunofluorescence method. In addition to previously reported calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive structure-containing sites such as the nucleus ambiguus, nucleus originis nervi facialis, nucleus originis nervi hypoglossi, nucleus peripeduncularis and nucleus parabrachialis, the present study demonstrated a far wider distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive structure-containing cells in the rat brain, i.e. the nucleus hypothalamicus lateralis, nucleus ventromedialis thalami, colliculus superior, lemniscus lateralis, gyrus dentatus, nucleus olivaris superior, nucleus tractus solitarii, nucleus cuneiformis, nucleus parabigeminalis and a proportion of the Purkinje cells. We have also demonstrated a more extensive network of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive fibers distributed in various areas throughout the rat brain than has been reported previously such as the colliculus inferior, nucleus olivaris superior, nucleus vestibularis lateralis and inferioris, and nucleus cochlearis dorsalis and ventralis, etc.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Calcitonin gene-related peptidergic projection from the parabrachial area to the forebrain and diencephalon in the rat: an immunohistochemical analysis.

We investigated ascending fiber projections of calcitonin gene-related peptide from the parabrachial area to the forebrain and diencephalon in the rat using immunocytochemistry. Destruction of the lateral portion of the dorsal parabrachial area resulted in a marked ipsilateral decrease in the fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, indicating that cells containing calcitonin gene-related peptide in the lateral portion of the dorsal parabrachial area projected to the ipsilateral ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Destruction of the ventral portion of the parabrachial area resulted in a marked decrease of fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the central amygdaloid nucleus and the lateral hypothalamus just medial to the crus cerebri (the far-lateral hypothalamus), and a less marked decrease in the ventromedial thalamic nucleus. This means that there are projections from cells containing calcitonin gene-related peptide in the ventral portion of the parabrachial area to the first three regions just mentioned, and to some extent to the last.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1984

Growth of central substance P-containing neurons into superior cervical ganglia transplanted in the spinal cord of adult rats.

Superior cervical ganglia (SCG) contain substance P-like immunoreactive (SP-IR) fibers but not SP-IR neurons. In the present study, SCG were excised from adult rats and transplanted into the same animal's spinal thoracic cord (Th10). One or two weeks after the operation, SP-IR fibers from the host spinal cord or a higher level had grown and entered the transplanted SCG where they formed direct contacts with SCG neurons. However, these phenomena could not be observed when dorsal root ganglia (L4), which contained numerous SP-IR cells, were transplanted into their own spinal cord (Th10). This suggests that the SP-IR neuron system in the adult is able to grow "new axons' to the grafted tissue to form a "new SP-IR' neuronal circuit when the grafted tissue has lost its own SP-IR input.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Dual innervation of substance P-containing neuron system in the wall of the cerebral arteries.

The present study has shown the presence of substance P-like immunoreactive (SPI) fiber plexuses both in the carotid and vertebrobasilar systems in the Mongolian gerbil, suggesting that the origins of SPI fibers in these two systems differ. The present study further demonstrated in the guinea pig, using experimental manipulations, the dual origin of SPI fibers in the cerebral arteries; one from the trigeminal ganglion (TG) that mainly innervates the carotid system, and the other that separates from the TG and mainly innervates the vertebrobasilar system.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Bilateral alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormonergic fiber system from zona incerta to cerebral cortex: combined retrograde axonal transport and immunohistochemical study.

We employed a highly sensitive combination method of retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry to identify an alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-containing fiber pathway from zona incerta to cerebral cortex. Biotin-horseradish peroxidase injected into the parietal cortex of the rat labeled a number of neurons in the zona incerta bilaterally, and simultaneous staining with an alpha-MSH antiserum revealed that a part of these neurons are alpha-MSHergic.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Evidence for an alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormonergic hippocampal commissural connection in the rat, revealed by a double-labeling technique.

A new double-labeling method combining immunocytochemistry and a retrograde tracer technique using biotin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (B-HRP) was developed. Retrogradely accumulated B-HRP was visualized in the soma by incubation with avidin-conjugated fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-green fluorescein) solution. Texas red (red fluorescein)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG was used for simultaneous demonstration of the antigen. Using this method, the present study reports a newly demonstrated commissural hippocampal alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormonergic neuron system in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Two distinct strio-nigral substance P pathways in the rat: an experimental immunohistochemical study.

Re-examination of the strio-nigral substance P (SP) tract by means of an experimental immunohistochemical method in the rats demonstrated the presence of two distinct pathways from the nucleus caudatus putamen (CP) to the substantia nigra (SN). Destruction of the posterior portion of the CP resulted in the disappearance of SP-positive fibers in the SN pars lateralis but not in the SN pars compacta or reticulata. On the other hand, destruction of the ventrolateral portion of the anterior portion of the CP caused the disappearance of SP-positive fibers in the SN pars compacta and pars reticulata but not in the SN pars lateralis. In addition, destruction of the dorsal portion of the anterior portion of the CP, where 3-6 cell islets of SP-positive cells are located, failed to decrease SP-positive fibers in any of the subdivisions of the SN. These findings strongly suggest that SP-positive neurons in the posterior portion of the CP project to the SN pars lateralis (posterior strio-nigral SP tract), SP-positive cells in the lateroventral part of the anterior portion of the CP extend to the SN pars compacta and pars reticulata, but SP-positive cells in the dorsal part of the anterior portion of the CP do not innervate the SN.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cholecystokinin-8-like immunoreactivity in the pre- and post-central gyri of the human cerebral cortex.

Cellular localization of cholecystokinin-8-like immunoreactive (CCK-IR) structures in the pre- and post-central gyri of the human cerebral cortex was examined by indirect immunofluorescence. CCK-IR was localized mostly in perikarya of non-pyramidal cells such as multipolar, bitufted and bipolar cells, and to a lesser extent in medium and small pyramidal cells. CCK-IR fibers were also observed in these gyri, predominantly in layers I and III.

Cerebral Cortex↗
PubMed1984

Corticotropin-releasing factor in the amacrine cells of the chicken retina.

The distribution of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity (CRFI) in the chicken retina was investigated by means of immunohistochemistry. The observations from frozen sections show that CRFI is localized in the stratified amacrine cells of the fourth sublayer . Whole-mount preparations revealed that these amacrine cells are moderately concentrated in the inferior part of the retina.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The distribution and projection of gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone in the rat brain: an immunohistochemical analysis.

The distribution and projection of immunoreactive gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (gamma-MSHI) in the rat brain was examined by indirect immunofluorescence using an antiserum against synthetic rat gamma-MSH. The present study confirmed the presence of gamma-MSHI neurons in the arcuate nucleus and further demonstrated that the n. commissuralis is a new gamma-MSHI neurons-containing site. We also found a gamma-MSHI fiber network in the hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, central gray matter of the midbrain and upper pons, and further demonstrated a much more extensive distribution of these fibers particularly in the medulla oblongata, an area previously thought not to contain gamma-MSHI structures. The present observation on the normal distribution of gamma-MSHI suggested the existence of two different systems: one is the arcuatofugal gamma-MSH system and the other n. commissuralis gamma-MSH system. Using experimental manipulations, we clearly established that gamma-MSHI fibers in the forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain and upper pons originate from gamma-MSHI neurons in the arcuate nucleus and those in the medulla oblongata from the n. commissuralis .

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Distribution of the histaminergic neuron system in the central nervous system of rats; a fluorescent immunohistochemical analysis with histidine decarboxylase as a marker.

The distribution of histidine decarboxylase-like immunoreactivity (HDCI) in the rat central nervous system was studied by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. HDCI cell bodies were concentrated in the posterior hypothalamic area, such as in the tuberal magnocellular nucleus, caudal magnocellular nucleus, posterior hypothalamic nucleus and lateral hypothalamus just lateral to the fasciculus mammillothalamicus at the level of the posterior hypothalamic nucleus. Extensive networks of HDCI fibers of various densities were found in many areas of the brain; they were particularly dense in the hypothalamus but were also found in the following areas: rostrally in the cerebral cortex, olfactory nuclei, medial amygdaloid nucleus, n. tractus diagonalis, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and caudally in the central gray matter of the midbrain and pons, auditory system, n. vestibularis medialis, n. originis nervi facialis, n. parabrachialis, n. commissuralis, n. tractus solitarii, and n. raphe dorsalis.

Animals↗