Does fluorescent analogue of propranolol, 9-amino-acridine-propranolol, binding sites really show the beta-adrenoreceptors?
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
S Shiosaka
Publications and source records attributed to S Shiosaka.
Ascending components of the medial forebrain bundle from the lower brain stem in the rat, with special reference to raphe and catecholamine cell groups. A study by the HRP method.
The afferent connection of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) arising from the lower brain stem have been investigated by means of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with sensitive substrate, the injection was made iontophoretically into MFB at various levels. After injection of HRP into MFB, a significant number of HRP-labeled neurons were observed in the following structures of the lower brain stem: (1) raphe nuclear group, (2) locus coeruleus, (3) n. laterodorsalis tegmenti, (4) parabrachial area, (5) A1, A2, A4, A5 and A7 areas where noradrenaline-containing neurons were disseminated, (6) A8, A9 and A10 areas which contain dopamine neurons, (7) surrounding area of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis at the level of the n. propositus hypoglossi, (8) n. prepositus hypoglossi and (9) mesencephalic gray matter. As a rule, the ascending projections are ipsilateral and course in the medial part of MFB. Regarding the raphe nuclei, we have demonstrated that the caudal raphe nuclei, such as n. raphe magnus and obscurus (but not n. raphe pallidus), also send their axons to the hypothalamus. Particularly, the axons of n. raphe magnus ascend in MFB to reach the level of the preoptic or anterior septal areas. Furthermore, in accordance with previous reports, HRP-labeled cells were also identified in the n. raphe dorsalis, centralis superior and pontis, respectively. It should be further noted that labeled cells appeared in the n. linearis caudalis. In addition, the present study indicates a number of non-aminergic cell groups as sources of ascending mfb fibers. On the whole, the present study further clarified the organization of the components of the MFB ascending from the lower brain stem, and provided some additional anatomical substrates for the physiology of the control of the forebrain by the lower brain stem neurons.
3,3'-Diaminobenzidine↗
Detailed pathways of the raphe dorsalis neuron to the cerebral cortex with use of horseradish peroxidase-3,3' ,5,' tetramethyl benzidine reaction as a tool for the fiber tracing technique.
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Animals↗
Ascending and descending components of the medial forebrain bundle in the rat as demonstrated by the horseradish peroxidase-blue reaction. I. Forebrain and upper brain stem.
The ascending and descending components of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) were investigated by means of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with a sensitive substrate. The HRP was injected iontophoretically into the MFB at various levels from the anterior commissure to the posterior hypothalamus. In order to prevent the diffusion of HRP to other brain areas, a double micropipette system was used. The descending components of the MFB are derived from (1) the anterior cingulate area, infra- or prelimbic area, and sulcal cortex, (2) the lateral septal nucleus and diagonal band, (3) the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, (4) the paraventricular nucleus (5) the substantia innominata, (6) the amygdaloid complex (AM), (7) the ventromedial (VM) and dorsomedial (DM) hypothalamic nuclei, (8) the entopeduncular nucleus and (9) nucleus periventricularis stellatocellularis. The ascending components of the MFB originate in: (1) the medial preoptic nucleus, (2) the nucleus periventricularis stellatocellularis and rotundocellularis, (3) the posterior hypothalamic nucleus, (4) the parafascicular nucleus, (5) the ventral premammillary nucleus, (6) the substantia grisea periventricularis, (7) the lateral habenular nucleus, (8) the VM and DM, (9) the paratenial nucleus, (10) the AM and (11) the arcuate nucleus.
Animals↗
Topographic organization of the projection from the forebrain subcortical areas to the hippocampal formation of the rat.
Using the technique of iontophoretic microinjection of horseradish peroxidase, the present study disclosed the complexity and high degree of the topographic organization in the forebrain subcortical afferents to the different regions of rat hippocampus, e.g. diagonal band, posterior (PH), dorsomedial and rostral lateral hypothalamic nuclei chiefly project to the rostrodorsal part (DRA) and caudal gyrus dentatus including CA3, the supramammillary area predominantly to the rostroventral area (VRA), the area lateral to PH to the DRA and VRA, substantia innominata and some thalamic nuclei (n. reuniens, n. lateralis thalami, n. anterior ventralis and n. lateralis thalami pars posterior) to the dorsal subiculum, respectively.
Animals↗
Circadian feeding rhythm after hypothalamic knife-cut isolating suprachiasmatic nucleus.
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Animals↗
Circadian rhythms of urea formation and argininosuccinate synthetase activity in rat liver.
The circadian rhythms of the urea concentrations in urine, serum, and liver and their generation mechanism were investigated. When rats were allowed to eat freely, the urea concentration and the total urea content of the urine were higher during the night than during the day-time. Consistent with these findings, the urea concentrations in the liver and serum had circadian rhythms with the highest values at 0200 hours and the lowest values at 1400 hours. The amplitude of the rhythm increased with increase in the dietary protein (casein) content. Of the five urea cycle enzymes in the liver, only argininosuccinate synthetase showed fluctuation in activity, and this had the same pattern as the circadian rhythms of urea concentrations. These findings suggest that the circadian rhythm of argininosuccinate synthetase in the liver might be directly responsible for the rhythms of change in urea concentrations in the liver, blood and urine. The circadian increase in enzyme activity was inhibited by cycloheximide, but not by actinomycin D.
Animals↗
Effect of dietary amino acids on jejunal sucrase and leucineaminopeptidase activities in rats.
The effect of dietary amino acids on jejunal sucrase (EC 3.2.1.26) and leucineaminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1, LAPase) activities in rats was studied. Rats were force-fed a 10% complete amino acid diet or valine-free diet. The sucrase and LAPase activities in rats force-fed the valine-free diet for 2 days were significantly lower than those in rats force-fed the complete amino acid diet, although the specific activities of these enzymes in the isolated brush border fragment were 10 times higher than those in the mucosa, and most of the activities of these enzymes in the mucosa were localized in the isolated brush border fragment. Results of experiments undertaken to investigate the effects of dietary amino acids during the initial period after the dietary alteration on the sucrase and LAPase activities showed that decreases in the activities of these enzymes in rats force-fed the valine-free diet appeared by 26 hours after the first feed administration; whereas, incorporation of dietary 14C-amino acids administered in the first feed administration into the mucosal protein was significantly lower in rats receiving the valine-free diet than in rats receiving the complete amino acid diet by 7 hours following the first feed administration. These results suggest that decreases in availability of dietary amino acids in the valine-free diet for protein formation in the small intestinal mucosa during the initial period caused the decreases in the sucrase and LAPase activities localized in the brush border membrane.
Amino Acids↗
Immunohistochemical distribution of glucagon, substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in hepatic vasculature of the rat.
The distribution of immunoreactive glucagon, substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like structures was investigated in the rat liver, with special reference to the hepatic vasculature by means of the indirect immunofluorescence method. Immunoreactive structures of glucagon were seen in the walls of the portal vein, hepatic artery and hepatic vein, but not in the central vein. Immunoreactive glucagon was localized in the smooth muscle cells of these blood vessels. SP and VIP-like immunoreactive (SPI and VIPI) structures were seen in the neuronal elements. In the porta hepatis, thick, compact SPI and VIPI fibers, which were dissociated from their fiber bundles, reached the tunica adventitia where they were distributed. No SPI and VIPI structures were seen in the tunica media or the tunica interna. No SPI- and VIPI-containing cell bodies could be detected in the liver. These observations suggest that these peptides may have an important role in the neural regulation of hepatic hemodynamics.
Animals↗
The distribution of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) in the central nervous system of the rat: an immunohistochemical study. II. Lower brain stem.
The distribution of immunoreactive alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSHI) in the rat lower brain stem was examined by indirect immunofluorescence or peroxidase- anti-peroxidase immunohistochemical method using an antiserum against synthetic alpha-MSH. The results confirmed the presence of alpha-MSHI fibers in the midbrain central gray matter and parabrachial area, and demonstrated a much more extensive distribution of these fibers in various parts of the lower brain stem areas previously thought not contain alpha-MSHI fibers. In addition, the commissural nucleus was identified as a new alpha-MSHI neurons-containing site. No alpha-MSHI neurons were seen in other regions of the rat lower brain stem.
Animals↗
CCK pathway from supramammillary region to the nucleus anterior ventralis thalami of the young rats.
The existence of cholecystokinin-8-like immunoreactive (CCKI) pathway from supramammillary region (SUM) to the nucleus anterior ventralis thalami (AVT) was demonstrated in this study by means of experimental immunohistochemical manipulations in very young rats, because destruction of unilateral SUM, which contains CCKI neurons, resulted in a disappearance of CCKI fibers in the ipsilateral AVT.
Animals↗
Ultrastructural demonstration of synaptic connections between calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive axons and dynorphin A(1-8) immunoreactive dorsal horn neurons in a rat model of peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia.
Synaptic contact between dynorphin A(1-8)-like immunoreactive lamina V spinal neurons and calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive axon terminals was demonstrated using the immuno-electron microscopic mirror technique in a rat model of peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia. Adjacent tissue sections were immunocytochemically labeled for either dynorphin A(1-8) or calcitonin gene-related peptide and examined at the electron microscopic level for the presence of synaptic contacts. The results suggest that some opioid neurons which exhibit a dynamic increase in dynorphin peptide associated with peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia receive direct monosynaptic input from presumptive nociceptive primary afferents.
Animals↗
Purification and characterization of neurotensin receptor from rat brain with special reference to comparison between newborn and adult age rats.
Scatchard analysis of saturation curves was performed to compared newborn and adult rat neurotensin receptor using [3H] neurotensin as a tracer. The membrane fraction of newborn rat cerebral cortex has a single population of neurotensin receptor (Kd = 0.13 nM, Bmax = 710 fmol/mg protein), whereas adults have two distinct neurotensin binding sites (high affinity site, Kd1 = 0.13 nM; low affinity site, Kd2 = 20 nM). High affinity neurotensin receptor, solubilized with digitonin, was purified from newborn rat cortex by affinity chromatography. An overall purification of 14,000-fold was achieved. The binding of [3H] neurotensin to the purified receptor is saturable and specific, with a Kd of 0.45 nM. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol revealed purified material of a single major band of Mr = 55,000.
Aging↗
Coexistence of amyloid beta-protein precursor and basic fibroblast growth factor in single cells of the rat parietal cortex, hippocampus and basal magnocellular nucleus.
The coexistence of amyloid beta-protein precursor (APP) and basic fibroblast growth factor (basic FGF) in single cells of the parietal cortex, hippocampus and basal magnocellular nucleus was investigated immunohistochemically in adult rats. A monoclonal antibody directed against human recombinant APP and a polyclonal antibody against a synthetic fragment of basic FGF (the N-terminal 12 residues) were used. APP and basic FGF were frequently colocalized in the pyramidal cells of layers III and V of the parietal cortex, in the pyramidal and extrapyramidal cells of the hippocampus, and in large cells of the medial septal nucleus and the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca. Such a frequent colocalization suggests a close functional relationship between APP and basic FGF in the neuronal cells.
Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor↗