Biomedical subjects

S Shinoda

Publications and source records attributed to S Shinoda.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Medulla oblongata germinoma in association with Klinefelter syndrome.

A rare case of medulla oblongata germinoma in a 19-year-old Japanese man with Klinefelter syndrome is presented. Light microscopic examination of the resected specimen showed very few lymphocytes, and an immunohistochemical study for placental alkaline phosphatase was of great diagnostic value. Up to now there have been only five cases of intracranial germ cell tumors in association with Klinefelter syndrome. These tumors were situated along in the midline structure. It is emphasized that endocrinological factors at the time of embryogenesis as well as a genetic malignant potential are important in the pathogenesis of extragonadal germ cell tumors associated with Klinefelter syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Purification and characterization of L-2,4-diaminobutyrate decarboxylase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ATCC 23055 produces a large amount of 1,3-diaminopropane under normal growth conditions. The enzyme responsible, L-2,4-diaminobutyrate (DABA) decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.-), was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from this bacterium. The native enzyme had an M(r) of approximately 108,000, with a pI of 5.0, and was a dimer composed of identical or nearly identical subunits with apparent M(r) 53,000. The enzyme showed hyperbolic kinetics with a Km of 1.59 mM for DABA and 14.6 microM for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a coenzyme. The pH optimum was in the range 8.5-8.75, and Ca2+ gave a much higher enzyme activity than Mg2+ as a cationic cofactor. N-gamma-Acetyl-DABA, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, ornithine and lysine were inert as substrates. The enzyme was different in subunit structure, N-terminal amino acid sequence and immunoreactivity from the DABA decarboxylase of Vibrio alginolyticus previously described.

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus↗

PubMed1992

Lateral flagella of vibrios: serological classification and genetical similarity.

Lateral (L-) flagella-having vibrios were classified into 13 H-serogroups (flagellar antigen serogroups) by means of H-agglutination test. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was classified into 3 serogroups, HL1 to 3. V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi were classified into 5 and 3 serogroups, respectively, but 2 of those were serogroups common to the both species. V. fluvialis and V. furnissii constituted a same serogroup, HL8. Cross-reactivity between each serogroup was not observed in H-agglutination test, although some cross-reactivity was observed in gel diffusion test. Furthermore, similarity of DNA sequence of L-flagellar structure gene was demonstrated by dot blot hybridization test with a DNA probe of HL2 L-flagellar gene fragment. These results suggest conservation of DNA sequence of the L-flagellar gene of vibrios.

Cross Reactions↗

PubMed1992

Proliferative responses of CD4+ T-cell population to ovalbumin in patients with atopic dermatitis who are sensitive to hen eggs.

Proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T cells with monocytes to ovalbumin were significantly higher than those of B cells with monocytes to ovalbumin in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) who were sensitive to hen eggs. The CD4+ T-cell/CD8+ T-cell ratios (the values obtained by dividing the maximum stimulation index of CD4+ T cells with monocytes to ovalbumin by the maximum stimulation index of CD8+ T cells with monocytes to ovalbumin) were significantly higher in AD patients sensitive to hen eggs than in non-atopic healthy controls. The proliferative responses of CD4+ T cells with monocytes to ovalbumin were more intensive than those of CD8+ T cells with monocytes in patients with AD sensitive to hen eggs compared with non-atopic healthy controls. These results suggest that the cells responding to ovalbumin are predominantly CD4+ T cells. However, there was no relationship between the stimulation index of proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to ovalbumin and RAST scores for hen eggs. Thus it is possible that the majority of the CD4+ T cells which respond to ovalbumin are not CD4+ helper T cells for IgE production.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Significant role of an exocellular protease in utilization of heme by Vibrio vulnificus.

Clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio vulnificus could grow in a synthetic medium supplemented with heme protein as the iron source. Protease-deficient mutants of the bacterium could not utilize any of the heme proteins in the synthetic medium, but the addition of purified V. vulnificus protease restored their growth. The protease digested all heme proteins tested and elicited heme liberation from the proteins. Furthermore, the induction of protease production by the heme proteins was demonstrated. These observations suggest that protease contributes to the efficient utilization of heme by V. vulnificus.

Endopeptidases↗

PubMed1992

Cloning and characterization of the CYS3 (CYI1) gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A DNA fragment containing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYS3 (CYI1) gene was cloned. The clone had a single open reading frame of 1,182 bp (394 amino acid residues). By comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of cystathionine gamma-lyase, CYS3 (CYI1) was concluded to be the structural gene for this enzyme. In addition, the deduced sequence showed homology with the following enzymes: rat cystathionine gamma-lyase (41%), Escherichia coli cystathionine gamma-synthase (36%), and cystathionine beta-lyase (25%). The N-terminal half of it was homologous (39%) with the N-terminal half of S. cerevisiae O-acetylserine and O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase. The cloned CYS3 (CYI1) gene marginally complemented the E. coli metB mutation (cystathionine gamma-synthase deficiency) and conferred cystathionine gamma-synthase activity as well as cystathionine gamma-lyase activity to E. coli; cystathionine gamma-synthase activity was detected when O-succinylhomoserine but not O-acetylhomoserine was used as substrate. We therefore conclude that S. cerevisiae cystathionine gamma-lyase and E. coli cystathionine gamma-synthase are homologous in both structure and in vitro function and propose that their different in vivo functions are due to the unavailability of O-succinylhomoserine in S. cerevisiae and the scarceness of cystathionine in E. coli.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Interleukin-2 production of lymphocytes in food sensitive atopic dermatitis.

The proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to food antigens in 22 patients with food sensitive atopic dermatitis were significantly higher than the responses of healthy children and food sensitive children with immediate symptoms. Moreover, the activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in supernatants of food antigen stimulated PBMC cultures from patients with atopic dermatitis was significantly higher than that in healthy children and food sensitive children with immediate symptoms. The activity of IL-2 in culture supernatants of separated cell populations stimulated with food antigens from patients with atopic dermatitis and healthy children was investigated. The activity of IL-2 in supernatants of food antigen stimulated T cell cultures could be detected in patients with atopic dermatitis but not in healthy children. These results suggest that the increased IL-2 production after food antigen stimulation is due to increased T cell activity in food sensitive atopic dermatitis.

B-Lymphocytes↗

PubMed1992

Cord blood lymphocyte responses to food antigens for the prediction of allergic disorders.

Proliferative responses of cord blood lymphocytes (CBLs) to food antigens and cord blood IgE concentrations were measured in 37 full term newborn infants for the prediction of allergic disorders. In these 37 infants who were followed up for two years, allergic history of the family was found in four (sensitivity 57.1%) and cord blood IgE concentrations were greater than 0.5 IU/ml in three (sensitivity 42.9%) of seven infants who developed allergic disorders. When CBLs were stimulated twice by ovalbumin or bovine serum albumin, the value of the stimulation index in proliferative responses of CBLs to ovalbumin or bovine serum albumin was greater than 1.5 in six (sensitivity 85.7%) of seven infants who developed allergic disorders. The specificity of the responses of CBLs in the prediction of the development of allergic disorders was 93.3%. The proliferative responses of CBLs to food antigens were useful in the prediction of not only development of allergic disorders but also offending allergens. These observations provide further evidence that sensitisation is occurring in utero. This would appear to be increasingly important in the genesis of early atopic problems. As our follow up is only two years, in utero sensitisation is a prediction for the early development of atopic disease but only longer follow up will show whether this holds good for allergic disorders at any age.

Allergens↗

PubMed1992

Ecology and distribution of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in aquatic environments of a temperate region.

The occurrence of a human pathogen, Vibrio cholerae, in aquatic environments and the distribution of toxigenic strains were studied for 2 years. The pathogen was isolated from freshwater, brackish and marine environments. V. cholerae non-01 was frequently recovered but the 01 serogroup was not detected. Of the 57 environmental strains tested, eight (12%) were found to be potentially toxigenic. A number of atypical V. cholerae 01 strains were found which showed higher virulence potentials than the serogroup non-01 strains. A significant correlation of the incidence of the pathogen was noted with water temperature in freshwater environments. In marine environments, a reciprocal correlation of the V. cholerae count and salinity was observed. The present study describes the ecology of V. cholerae in aquatic environments of a temperate region and notes that the occurrence of potentially virulent strains could be of public health significance.

Cholera Toxin↗

PubMed1992

[Atrioventricular block in acute inferior myocardial infarction].

The underlying mechanism of atrioventricular block (AVB) in acute inferior myocardial infarction (AIMI) is not clearly understood. In 33 (27 males and 6 females) of 123 patients with AIMI, second and/or high degree AVB was observed. In 14 of the 33 patients (42%), AVB transiently appeared within 24 hours after the onset of AIMI. In 13 patients (39%) AVB appeared after 24 hours. In the remaining 6 patients (18%), AVB appeared within 24 hours and disappeared thereafter. Among these 3 groups, there were no significant differences in age, sex, serum enzymes, the appearance of high degree AVB, pump failure or Forrester's classification II, III and IV and the necessity of temporary pacing. One mg of atropine sulfate was administrated intravenously 35 times in 19 patients. When AVB improved or the ventricular rate increased more than 30%, the drug was regarded as effective. Atropine was more effective when administrated after 24 hours (11%, less than or equal to 24 hours vs 60%, greater than 24 hours, p less than 0.05), and in patients with a slight degree of AVB (28% in high degree vs 80% in second degree, p less than 0.05) and rapid ventricular rate during high degree AVB (0%, less than 40/min vs 45%, greater than or equal to 40/min, p less than 0.05). In the 6 patients not responding to atropine, 250 mg of aminophylline was given intravenously for 15 min. The effect was not seen in 4 patients, including 3 patients to whom it was administrated within 3 days after the onset of AIMI, and one patient to whom it was given on the 5th day. Aminophylline improved atrioventricular conduction on the 5th to 10th day after the onset of AIMI in 2 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine↗

PubMed1992

Abnormal responses of the autonomic nervous system in food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis.

We investigated abnormal responses of the autonomic nervous system and measured plasma histamine levels before and after exercise challenge following food ingestion in four patients with food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. The patients' histories and the radioallergosorbent tests showed that food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis resulted from preexercise-ingestion of shrimp, hen's egg, and any food in two patients, one patient and one patient, respectively. The plasma histamine level increased in only one of four patients when the exercise challenge followed the ingestion of nonoffending foods. Our investigation of changes in the autonomic nervous system before and after food-exercise challenge in all patients included comparing results obtained after the food-exercise challenge in controls and comparing results obtained before food-exercise challenge in the patients. After food-exercise challenge, systolic blood pressure significantly decreased and the heart rate increased during the postural test, heart rate tended to decrease in the Aschner test, and the increase of systolic blood pressure was reduced in the cold pressor test. After food-exercise challenge, the parasympathetic nervous activity increased and responsiveness of the sympathetic nervous system was reduced. Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis may therefore occur in relation to allergic reactions and abnormality of the autonomic nervous system.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Interactions between chromosomal omnipotent suppressors and extrachromosomal effectors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Chromosomal omnipotent suppressor mutations recovered in psi+ strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were brought into psi- cytoplasm. SUP46, SUP138 and SUP139 acted as dominant omnipotent suppressors in the psi- cytoplasm though their suppressor activity was substantially reduced. SUP46 and SUP138 conferred recessive thermosensitivity and antibiotic sensitivity in psi- cytoplasm as in psi+ cytoplasm. On the other hand, sup111 through sup115, which acted as recessive omnipotent suppressors in the psi+ cytoplasm, manifested no, or very low, suppressor activity in the psi- cytoplasm. They, however, still enhanced the efficiency of the SUP29 tRNA suppressor in psi- cytoplasm. A multicopy plasmid carrying the wild-type SUP35 gene enhanced the efficiency of sup111 in psi- cytoplasm.

Extrachromosomal Inheritance↗

PubMed1991

Alpha-macroglobulin-like plasma inactivator for Vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease.

The metalloprotease produced by Vibrio vulnificus (VVP) is known to be quickly inactivated by plasma proteins which belong to the class of alpha-macroglobulins in vitro at a molar ratio of 1:1. But the in vivo potential of the inactivators has not been studied. Macroalbumin (MA), a member of alpha-macroglobulins in guinea pig plasma, was found to inactivate VVP by means of physical entrapment in vitro. In vivo actions of VVP, permeability-enhancing and hemorrhagic actions, were greatly augmented by simultaneous injection of the antibody against MA, which had no effect on in vitro proteolytic action toward azocasein. The interstitial-tissue space in the normal guinea pig skin contains a negligible amount of MA. However, sufficient MA was present in the extravascular fluid collected after the intradermal injection of VVP. Besides, in the extravascular fluid, VVP formed a complex with MA and no inactivator other than MA was found. These results indicate that plasma MA leaked from the vascular system owing to the permeability-enhancing and hemorrhagic actions of VVP, resulting in inactivation of VVP in situ.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Purification and characterization of a lecithin-dependent haemolysin from Escherichia coli transformed by a Vibrio parahaemolyticus gene.

Lecithin-dependent haemolysin (LDH) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was purified from Escherichia coli C600 transformed with a plasmid (pHL591) ligated with a 1.5 kb DNA fragment of V. parahaemolyticus. The final preparation comprised two LDH proteins with different molecular masses which were immunologically cross-reactive and had the same enzymic activity. The LDH was a phospholipase hydrolysing both fatty acid esters of phospholipid, i.e. it hydrolysed phosphatidylcholine (PC) to lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and then LPC to glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC). From this point of view, LDH should be classified as a phospholipase B. Phospholipase B, however, does not usually show haemolytic activity, because the intermediate (LPC), which is the actual haemolytic agent, is immediately hydrolysed to the final product (GPC). On the other hand, LPC formed by LDH action was comparatively stable, because the rates of the two reactions catalysed by LDH, PC to LPC and LPC to GPC, are almost the same. This is the reason that LDH shows haemolytic activity. Therefore, LDH of V. parahaemolyticus is an atypical phospholipase to be designated as phospholipase A2/lysophospholipase.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1991

Purification and some properties of carboxynorspermidine synthase participating in a novel biosynthetic pathway for norspermidine in Vibrio alginolyticus.

Carboxynorspermidine synthase, mediates the nicotinamide-nucleotide-linked reduction of the Schiff base H2N(CH2)3N = CHCH2CH(NH2)COOH. This is formed from L-aspartic beta-semialdehyde (ASA) and 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP) and is reduced to carboxynorspermidine [H2N(CH2)3NH(CH2)2CH(NH2)COOH], an intermediate in the novel pathway for norspermidine (NSPD) biosynthesis. The enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity from Vibrio alginolyticus and characterized. The overall purification was about 1800-fold over the crude extract, with a yield of 33%. The enzyme displayed an apparent Mr of 93500 +/- 1000 by gel filtration and 45100 +/- 500 by SDS-PAGE, indicating that the native form is probably composed of two subunits of similar size. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 31.0 mumol carboxynorspermidine produced min-1 (mg protein)-1. The enzyme was activated by dithiothreitol, and inhibited by SH-reactive compounds. The pH and temperature optima were 7.25-7.5 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The Km value for the Schiff base was 4.68 mM, measured by varying the ASA concentration while keeping the DAP concentration constant. Putrescine was slightly active as a substrate, forming carboxyspermidine (at about 7% of the rate of DAP), but ethylenediamine, cadaverine and D-ASA were inert. The Km value for NADPH was 1.51 mM. NADH was a much poorer cofactor than NADPH. When V. alginolyticus was grown in the presence of 5 mM-NSPD, the specific activity of this enzyme was reduced by approximately 70%. NSPD also repressed two other enzymes responsible for its biosynthesis, 2,4-diaminobutyrate decarboxylase and carboxynorspermidine decarboxylase.

Chromatography, Gel↗

PubMed1991

Vascular permeability enhancement by Vibrio mimicus protease and the mechanisms of action.

Vibrio mimicus, a causative agent of gastroenteritis, has also been reported to attribute to extraintestinal infections. Recently we have purified a metalloprotease produced by the pathogen: however, the role of the protease in V. mimicus infection has not been documented. The V. mimicus protease (VMP) was found to enhance vascular permeability and form edema when injected into the dorsal skin of guinea pig and rat. The permeability enhancement by VMP was observed in a dose-dependent manner in both guinea pig and rat skin. In guinea pig, an inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme was found to augment the permeability enhancement reaction. The permeability enhancement was significantly blocked by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), an inhibitor of plasma kallikrein reaction. In vitro conversion of plasma prekallikrein to kallikrein by VMP was also noted. In rat skin, the permeability enhancement reaction was not blocked by antihistamine or SBTI. However, the reaction was partially blocked when a mixture of antihistamine and SBTI was administered with VMP. It is apparent from the study that in guinea pig skin, VMP enhances vascular permeability through activation of plasma kallikrein-kinin system which generates bradykinin, whereas in addition to the activation of plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade in the case of rat, stimulation of histamine release from mast cells and other unknown mechanism seem to be also a cause of the permeability enhancement reaction. These results suggest that VMP may play a role in extraintestinal infections with edema caused by the pathogen.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗

PubMed1991

Further study on polyamine compositions in Vibrionaceae.

It has previously been reported that norspermidine, one of the unusual polyamines, is present in Vibrio species. To expand this observation, the cellular polyamine compositions of additional species and strains in the family Vibrionaceae (Vibrio, Photobacterium, Listonella, and Shewanella) as well as Aeromonas species and Plesiomonas shigelloides, which have been proposed to be excluded from Vibrionacea, were determined by using gas-liquid chromatography. Some Vibrio species previously reported were reexamined under the same conditions, and their results are included in this report. Norspermidine was detected as a major triamine in 23 of 24 Vibrio species, all of 4 Listonella species, and 3 of 5 Photobacterium species. Vibrio costicola, Photobacterium fischeri, and Photobacterium phosphoreum contained no norspermidine. Listonella species were indistinguishable from Vibrio species in their polyamine profiles. However, Schewanella putrefaciens ATCC 8071, formerly allocated in the genus Alteromonas, contained no norspermidine, and its polyamine profile was similar to those of four Aeromonas species, in which putrescine was exclusively found. Plesiomonas shigelloides was very similar to Escherichia coli in that putrescine and spermidine were predominant polyamines. Our data indicate that the occurrence of norspermidine may be very helpful as a generic marker in identification and classification of Vibrio and Listonella species. A gas-liquid chromatographic method with a nitrogen-selective detector was presented for rapid and sensitive detection of cellular norspermidine.

Chromatography, Gas↗

PubMed1991

Purification and some properties of inducible lysine decarboxylase from Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Inducible lysine decarboxylase from Vibrio parahaemolyticus AQ 3627 was purified to apparent homogeneity and characterized. The enzyme displayed a molecular weight of 531000 by gel filtration and 79000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme required pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor, and the pH optimum was 5.5. The Km value for L-lysine was 3.2 mM, and the enzyme was inhibited by 6-aminocaproic acid and alpha-fluoromethyl analogs of cadaverine. delta-Hydroxylysine and S-aminoethyl-L-cysteine was active as substrates to a lesser extent than L-lysine. The amino-terminal amino acid sequence was determined to be Met-Asn-Ile-Phe-Ala-Ile-Leu. These properties were compared with those of other bacterial lysine decarboxylases.

Amino Acid Sequence↗