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Biomedical subjects

S Shimura

Publications and source records attributed to S Shimura.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Clinical study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections].

We studied the characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the urine specimens of the patients with urinary tract infections (UTI), in the urological unit at Kitasato University Hospital, between April, 1989 and March, 1990. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 8.0% of the total urine specimens (1.1% from outpatients, 6.9% from inpatients). Serotype of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was F (33%), G (17%), M (14%) and others (36%). In sensitivity tests, imipenem (IPM) had the lowest MIC among 8 antimicrobial agents tested, which were imipenem, piperacillin, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, aztreonam, gentamicin, amikacin, and ofloxacin with 5.0%, 82.0%, 74.0%, 69.0%, 92.0%, 67.0%, 79.0% and 82.0% resistant strains, respectively. Bladder cancer was the most common underlying disease in the urological patients with Pseudomonas infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is still an annoying problem in UTI among compromised patients suffering from advanced urinary tract malignancies.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1991

Surfactant apoprotein-A concentration in sputum for diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), a disease characterised by accumulation of surfactant in alveoli, is diagnosed on the basis of invasive biopsy procedures. We have measured apoprotein A (SP-A) concentrations in sputum to see if this is useful for the diagnosis of PAP. Sputum samples from three patients with PAP and twenty patients with other pulmonary disease were assayed using monoclonal antibodies to SP-A. SP-A concentrations were 400 times higher in patients with PAP than in the controls, suggestions that this measurement is useful for the diagnosis of PAP especially where lung biopsy is contraindicated.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1991

Tumor necrosis factor attenuates beta agonist-evoked Cl- secretion in canine tracheal epithelium.

We examined the effect of human recombinant TNF alpha on the potential difference (PD) and short circuit current (SCC) of canine tracheal epithelium using an Ussing chamber. Luminal or submucosal TNF (2 to 200 U/ml) produced no significant alterations in the basal PD or SCC values. Pretreatment with luminal TNF significantly reduced isoproterenol (ISOP, 10(-6) M)-evoked increases in SCC and PD to 57% and 66% of that with ISOP alone, respectively, with a significant decrease in conductance (G) to 87% of that with ISOP alone in a dose-dependent fashion, from 10 to 200 U/ml. Even after ISOP (10(-6) M)-evoked PD and SCC had reached a plateau, TNF produced significant decreases in PD and SCC up to 79% and 83% of that with ISOP alone, respectively, in a dose-dependent fashion, from 50 to 200 U/ml. Amiloride did not alter the inhibitory action of TNF on ISOP-evoked SCC and PD values. Antiserum against TNF abolished the inhibitory action of TNF on ISOP-evoked response. In contrast, submucosal TNF did not alter PD, SCC or G. These findings indicate that TNF attenuates beta agonist-evoked increases in chloride secretion across airway epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Chronic bronchopneumonia with recurrent hemoptyses and resultant severe anemia.

A female patient, 69 years old, was hospitalized because of a 2-year history of recurrent hemoptyses resulting in severe anemia. X-ray examination of the chest showed a mass lesion in the right lower lung field, which had grown over the preceding 2 years. Bronchographic, arteriographic and CT examinations excluded the possibilities of bronchiectasis, pulmonary A-V fistula or sequestration. Histological examination following right lower lobectomy revealed no evidence of neoplasms or tuberculosis, fungal and parasitic infections but showed a predominant mononuclear cell infiltration and abundant small vessels in the affected small bronchi, and peribronchiolar and adjacent alveolar regions. To our knowledge, no case with chronic bronchopneumonia accompanied by such massive hemoptyses, as seen in this case, has been reported to date.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in patients with mucous hypersecretion.

In order to determine the prognosis of patients with chronic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), we evaluated clinical, laboratory, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) data at the onset of IPF in 25 patients who survived beyond 1 yr (nine women and 16 men, 59 +/- 3 yr of age, mean +/- SE). When the patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had or did not have mucous hypersecretion, 11 patients with hypersecretion (Group A) had a poorer survival rate (6 yr) than did 14 patients without hypersecretion (Group B) (10 yr) (p less than 0.01). Further, there was a significant negative correlation between sputum volume and the duration of survival in 25 patients (r = -0.55, p less than 0.01). Before glucocorticoid treatment, we also found significantly larger numbers of neutrophils (17%) and eosinophils (5%) in differential cell counts of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in Group A than in Group B (neutrophils, 1%; eosinophils, 0.6%) (p less than 0.05 each). Chest radiographic findings and other laboratory data including pulmonary function tests did not correlate with the survival rate. These findings suggest that mucous hypersecretion as well as neutrophils and eosinophils in BALF are among the determinants of prognosis in patients with chronic IPF.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Neuropeptides and airway submucosal gland secretion.

Our study using feline tracheal isolated submucosal gland preparation has revealed that substance P (SP) produces an increase in submucosal gland secretion through the actions of both mucus ejection by glandular contraction and macromolecule secretion from secretory cells, and that the two actions are both mediated by a peripheral cholinergic action. In contrast, SP has no significant effect on macromolecule secretion from secretory cells in tracheal explants, probably because of epithelial suppression. Our study using an isolated gland preparation has also indicated that VIP potentiates mucous glycoprotein secretion induced by cholinergic stimulation through an interaction between muscarinic and VIP receptors in secretory cells. However, VIP failed to induce any significant glandular contraction or relaxation, indicating a lack of VIP receptors or a difference in the subtypes of muscarinic receptors in myoepithelial cells in submucosa glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Role of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in airway mucosal permeability.

The role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in airway mucosal permeability was studied in 16 patients with chronic bronchitis by measuring the amounts of radiolabeled albumin in sputum. One group (A) consisted of six patients (two female, four male, 53 +/- 6 years, SEM) with chronic P aeruginosa infection for 5 +/- 0.9 years. Another group (B) consisted of ten patients (five female, five male, 67 +/- 4 years) without P aeruginosa infection for at least two years. No significant differences between groups A and B were found in the volume of sputum (63 +/- 21 ml/day in group A and 45 +/- 8 ml/day in group B, p = 0.44), the obstructive changes (FEV1 of 57 +/- 6 percent in group A and 51 +/- 4 percent in group B), or the duration of disease (19 +/- 4 years in group A and 14 +/- 4 years in group B). Saliva, sputum, and serum samples were collected at intervals of 2 h over an 8-h period, and at 24 h after intravenous administration of 131I-labeled human albumin. For counting, free 131I was removed by dialysis. Radiocounts (cpm) of saliva were significantly smaller than those of sputum or serum. The cpm from each sputum sample was divided by serum cpm at the time of each sampling. Group A showed significantly higher values in the ratio of sputum- to serum-cpm than did group B at all sampling times. Furthermore, the ratios at 2 and 4 h after 131I-albumin injection significantly correlated with sputum volume per day, whereas they did not correlate with any other factors (age, obstructive impairment, and duration of disease). These findings suggest that chronic P aeruginosa infection produces an increase in airway mucosal permeability to albumin.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Primary carcinoid tumor of the testis with metastasis to the upper vertebrae. Report of a case].

A case of primary carcinoid tumor of the right testis with metastases to the cervical and thoracic vertebrae and epidural is reported. A 53-year-old man was first recognized as being with dysthesia of the left arm and shoulder in April 1986. In June, 1987, he was admitted to the Neurology service, complaining of sudden occurrence of abasia. Myelography and computerized tomography demonstrated an epidural mass and several high density areas in the vertebral bodies of Th1 and Th2. The patient underwent laminectomy from C7 to Th2. At operation, the neurosurgeons noticed a tumor mass in the right scrotum and requested our consultation. Thus right high orchiectomy was performed. Pathological examination including Grimerius' and Fontana-Masson's stain revealed carcinoid tumor of the right testis associated with metastases to the spinal column. Postoperatively, tumor maker studies revealed elevation of blood 5-hydroxytryptophan and marked increase of urinary 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid excretion. They showed remarkable decreases after a course of PVB chemotherapy. The patient has been under our observation as an out-patient for the past 27 months with metastases. This is the first case of primary carcinoid tumor of the testis with metastases so far reported in the domestic literature.

Carcinoid Tumor↗
PubMed1991

[A case of malignant pleural mesothelioma presenting as pneumothorax].

The patient was a 51-year-old woman who had no history of asbestos exposure and showed left pneumothorax with a small amount of pleural effusion. On admission to our hospital, she showed clinical and laboratory data similar to that of spontaneous pneumothorax except for a high concentration of hyaluronic acid in pleural fluid. After treatment of pneumothorax, pleural effusion appeared to decrease on chest X-ray. After 3 months, however, pleural effusion again increased, in spite of the improvement of pneumothorax. The patient received open lung biopsy and the histological examination showed mixed type malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1990

Effect of surfactant on bioelectric properties of canine tracheal epithelium.

The functional significance of pulmonary surfactant in the airways is not well known and the effects of surfactant on bioelectrical properties of airway epithelium have not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the effect of synthetic surfactant (TR-14) or calf lung surfactant extract (surfactant TA) on transepithelial potential difference (PD) and short circuit current (SCC) in canine trachea. The conductance (G) was calculated as the ratio of SCC per open-circuited PD. The posterior membrane without muscular layer from canine trachea was mounted in an Ussing-type chamber, bathed with Krebs-Ringer buffer solution at 37 degrees C and gassed with 95% O2-5% CO2, pH 7.4. Treatment with mucosal surfactant produced an increase in both PD and SCC in a dose-dependent fashion. PD and SCC reached 132% and 124% of before control at 0.25 mg/ml after the addition of each surfactant respectively, whereas G remained unchanged. Both ouabain and furosemide abolished surfactant-evoked increases in PD and SCC, whereas amiloride did not alter the surfactant-evoked increases. No significant differences in the effect on bioelectric parameters were observed between TR-14 and surfactant TA. These findings suggest that lung surfactant affects bioelectrical properties and changes ion transport (Cl- secretion) across airway epithelium, probably through the activity of ion pumps in the cellular membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Sodium efflux from isolated submucosal gland in feline trachea.

We examined Na efflux, as an indicator of electrolyte (or water) secretion from isolated feline tracheal submucosal glands. After incubation with 22NaCl-containing KRB solution (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C, the 22Na-loaded glands were transferred to a superfusion apparatus in which perfusate was continuously pumped to the glands at a flow rate of 2.5 ml/min and sampled at 18-s intervals for 10-15 min. After 5 min of perfusion, a pharmacological or electrical field stimulation (FS) was given to the isolated glands. The instantaneous rate constant was calculated by measuring the radioactivity (counts/min) of each effluent sample. The mean rate constant of the base-line 22Na efflux was 0.21 min-1, which fell significantly to 0.03 min-1 after treatment with ouabain. Both methacholine and phenylephrine significantly accelerated the 22Na efflux to 3.6-fold and 1.8 times base-line efflux, respectively. FS produced a significant increase in the rate constant, and the increase was abolished by pretreatment with ouabain or tetrodotoxin. Further, atropine or phentolamine significantly suppressed the FS-evoked increase in the rate constant to 76 and 84%, respectively, of the maximal response evoked by FS alone. These results indicate that Na efflux from feline tracheal submucosal glands, which is dependent on ouabain-sensitive Na-K-ATPase activity in the secretory cells, is stimulated by both cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic agonists.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Intracellular calcium concentration of acinar cells in feline tracheal submucosal glands.

We measured the intracellular free calcium ion concentration [( Ca2+]i) of acinar cells in isolated feline tracheal submucosal glands in response to secretagogues using the Ca2(+)-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2. The secretagogues included cholinergic, adrenergic agonists, substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) which induce mucus glycoprotein secretion from feline tracheal submucosal glands. Methacholine (MCh) produced a significant increase in [Ca2+]i of up to 9.8 times that of control in a dose-dependent fashion at concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-3) M. [Ca2+]i increase by MCh reached a peak within 30 s after stimulation and thereafter showed a sustained rise. In Ca2(+)-free medium, MCh produced an initial transient rise, which was less than 30% of that in a Ca2(+)-containing solution, and which lasted for 60 s with no prolonged sustained rise in [Ca2+]i. Atropine abolished MCh-evoked [Ca2+]i increase. Phenylephrine and SP produced a prolonged increase in [Ca2+]i without an initial transient increase. Phenylephrine (up to 10(-4) M) evoked an increase in [Ca2+]i by up to 240% that of control, which was abolished by prazosin. SP (up to 10(-4) M) also evoked an increase in [Ca2+]i by 155% that of control, which was abolished by atropine. By contrast, both isoproterenol (up to 10(-5) M) and VIP (up to 10(-5) M) failed to alter [Ca2+]i. These findings indicate that the mucus glycoprotein secretion evoked by muscarinic cholinergic, alpha-adrenergic agonist or SP can be mediated by intracellular Ca2+, whereas that by beta-adrenergic agonists or VIP cannot.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Direct inhibitory action of glucocorticoid on glycoconjugate secretion from airway submucosal glands.

The precise mechanism by which glucocorticoids inhibit airway mucus secretion is still unknown. To study directly the effect of glucocorticoid on submucosal gland secretion, we examined the effects of dexamethasone on the precursor uptake, biosynthesis, and release of mucus glycoprotein in isolated feline tracheal submucosal glands. Mucus glycoprotein release from isolated glands was estimated by measuring [3H]glucosamine-labeled trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable glycoconjugates secreted into the medium. Released glycoconjugate per hour per dry weight of gland tissue was less than 7% of the total intracellular content, where intracellular content is defined as total 3H activity in the dissolved gland tissue. Treatment with 10(-9) to 10(-5) M dexamethasone for 24 to 72 h significantly reduced basal glycoconjugate secretion up to 22% of control (a 78% decrease) in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas the total intracellular 3H content was reduced to 70% of control (a 30% decrease) with no statistically significant differences from controls. The ratio of released glycoconjugates to the total intracellular content decreased significantly to 31% of control (a 69% decrease) after the treatment with 10(-10) to 10(-5) M dexamethasone. Further, ratio of radioactivity of TCA-precipitable glycoconjugates in the dissolved gland tissue to the total intracellular 3H content increased from 40% in nontreated controls to 46% after the treatment with dexamethasone (10(-5) M). Dexamethasone also inhibited the glycoconjugate secretion stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic AMP and alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists. Simultaneously, the ratio of released to total intracellular content also decreased significantly after dexamethasone treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus secretion].

A large amount of mucus and mucoid impaction are observed in the autopsied lungs of bronchial asthmatics. It is possible that mucus hypersecretion and accumulation of intrabronchial mucus result in bronchial obstruction and structural bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Bronchial gland plays a main role in human airway secretion. We describe here some results using isolated gland preparation which enable us to examine airway mucus secretion in a well-defined condition. Chemical mediators released from mast cells augment the secretory responses induced by cholinergic nerve stimulation through accelerated acetylcholine release in the nerve terminals. PAF produces an increase in mucus glycoprotein secretion in the presence of platelets mainly through the thromboxane release from platelets. Substance P which is released by an axon reflex in response to various stimuli and inflammations in the airways, also produced an increase in mucus secretion. Epithelial cells release an inhibitory factor to mucus glycoprotein secretion from bronchial glands. Epithelial cell damages due to inflammation in the airways may induced a reduction of the inhibitory factor release in bronchial asthmatics, resulting in mucus hypersecretion.

Asthma↗
PubMed1990

[Right thoracic kidney with simple renal cyst: report of a case].

A case of right thoracic kidney with simple renal cyst is reported. A 67-year-old man was pointed out to have an abnormal shadow in the right lower lung field of chest X-ray film. He was asymptomatic. Laboratory test was normal. Computed tomography and excretory urography confirmed the right thoracic kidney with a simple cyst. Adrenal scintigraphy revealed a high ectopic adrenal gland with right thoracic kidney. Since he was asymptomatic, treatment was not required. High ectopic kidney is extremely rare and 74 cases have been reported in the domestic literature in Japan. Thoracic kidney should be considered as one of differential diagnoses of abnormal mediastinal shadow.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Platelet-activating factor increases platelet-dependent glycoconjugate secretion from tracheal submucosal gland.

Using isolated glands from feline trachea, we examined the effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on radiolabeled glycoconjugate release and glandular contraction by measuring induced tension in the absence or presence of platelets. PAF alone did not produce any significant glandular contraction nor any significant change in glycoconjugate release from isolated glands. In the presence of purified platelets containing no plasma, PAF (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) produced significant glycoconjugate secretion in a dose-dependent fashion, but it produced no significant glandular contraction. PAF-evoked glycoconjugate secretion was time dependent, reaching a peak response of 277% of control 15-30 min after the exposure of isolated glands to 10(-5) M PAF in the presence of platelets and returning to 135% of controls at 2 h. Platelets alone did not produce any significant stimulation in glycoconjugate release. CV-3988, a known PAF antagonist, inhibited the secretory response to PAF. Methysergide, a known antagonist to receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine, did not alter PAF-evoked glycoconjugate secretion. Both indomethacin and SQ 29,548, a thromboxane receptor antagonist, abolished the PAF-evoked glycoconjugate secretion from isolated submucosal glands. Epithiomethanothromboxane A2, a stable thromboxane A2 analogue, produced a significant increase in glycoconjugate secretion in a dose-dependent fashion. These findings indicate that PAF increases glycoconjugate release in the presence of platelets and that the increase is dependent on some aspect of platelet function, namely thromboxane generation.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of epithelium on mucus secretion from feline tracheal submucosal glands.

We studied the effect of airway epithelium on mucus secretion by use of an isolated tracheal submucosal gland preparation reported previously (J. Appl. Physiol. 60: 1237-1247, 1986). Mucus glycoconjugate release from submucosal glands of feline trachea was examined using [3H]glucosamine as a mucus precursor. Isolated glands showed significantly higher secretory responses to cholinergic, alpha-, and beta-adrenergic agonists and dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (average 400% of control) than the conventional tracheal mucosal explants, which contained epithelium and submucosal tissues in addition to submucosal glands (average 160% of control). The addition of isolated epithelium depressed the secretory response of isolated glands to the same level as that of tracheal explants. However, the supernatant from isolated epithelium failed to inhibit secretory responses to methacholine in isolated glands, suggesting that the epithelium-derived inhibitory factor to secretion may be short-lived. Leukotriene D4 antagonist (FPL 55712), cyclooxygenase and/or lipoxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin or BW 755C) caused no significant change in the inhibitory action of epithelium, suggesting that the inhibition is not due to arachidonic acid metabolites. The newly found secretory inhibitory action of epithelium is of particular interest in the pathogenesis of hypersecretion associated with epithelial damage.

Animals↗