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Biomedical subjects

S Shimazaki

Publications and source records attributed to S Shimazaki.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Fluid distribution and pulmonary dysfunction following burn shock.

Respiratory function and body fluid changes were measured in 46 burned patients for up to 7 days postburn (DPB). The patients in this prospective study were divided into an HLS group [n = 17, burn size 61 +/- 0.5% BSA (mean +/- SEM), resuscitated with hypertonic lactated saline] and an iso-Na group (n = 29, burn size 60 +/- 4.5% BSA, resuscitated with lactated Ringer's solution). During DPB 3 to 5, the Respiratory Index (A-aDO2/PaO2), functional extracellular fluid volume (f-ECFV), an ratio of plasma volume to interstitial fluid volume (PV/ISFV) were increased in the iso-Na group compared with the HLS group. During the same period, the Respiratory Index and PV/ISFV correlated significantly; respiratory dysfunction was less in the HLS group. Nearly 50% of the iso-Na group required endotracheal intubation. Sodium loads were the same in both groups; the HLS group required less water. These results suggest that extracellular fluid distribution differs between the two treatments; HLS may be associated with ameliorated respiratory function not only because of less volume loading during resuscitation, but also because the PV/ISFV ratio is less than when lactated Ringer's is administered.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Coronary artery calcification in Kawasaki disease.

To evaluate the angiographic features of coronary lesions in Kawasaki disease with coronary artery calcification, cinefluoroscopy and cineangiography were retrospectively reviewed in 116 patients who had undergone coronary angiography between 1982 and 1989. Angiographic abnormalities of coronary arteries were demonstrated in 55 of the 116 patients. In 5 (9.1%) of the 55 patients, 9 with calcification were identified by cinefluoroscopy and chest x-ray. Eight of the 9 calcified lesions showed a circular or ring-shape configuration. Coronary angiography revealed a total occlusion of the right coronary artery with collateral circulation from the distal left coronary artery in 2 patients and a severe stenosis of the right coronary artery in 2 patients, in whom anticoagulant therapy had not been continued during the follow-up periods. The remaining patient in whom anticoagulant therapy had been continued had bilateral aneurysms but no significant stenosis. These results indicate that a ring-shape calcification on chest x-ray in a patient with a history of Kawasaki disease may suggest an involvement by coronary artery stenosis even when anticoagulant drugs had been given. Therefore, coronary angiography should be performed to evaluate the stenotic lesions if this type of calcification is found by routine radiographic examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Simultaneous in situ detection of JC virus antigens and RNA in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization].

We detected simultaneously JC virus (JCV) antigen and RNA in the frozen brain tissue from a patient with PML using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Histologically, the majority of JCV antigen positive cells were mainly located at the margin of demyelinated lesions. By simultaneous in situ detection of JCV antigen and RNA, the percentage of both JCV antigen and RNA positive cells in total number cells were 20 in the periplaque region and 2.3 in the central region of plaque respectively. On the contrary, only JCV RNA positive cells were detected 3.6% in the periplaque region and 4.6% in the central region of plaque, while there was not found any positive cells in apparently normal white matter. Moreover, JCV antigen in both antigen and RNA positive cells found in the periplaques was stained homogeneous and filled the whole swollen nucleus, whereas most of both antigen and RNA positive cells appeared in the center of plaques showed small amounts of antigen in the nucleus. From the results, it seems likely that most of the cells displaying only RNA detected in the periplaque were oligodendrocytes in the early stages of productive infection prior to viral protein synthesis. However, a small number of cells displaying only RNA in the center of plaques were likely to be oligodendrocytes and seemed to be in the nonproductive stages of a JCV infection, limited expression of viral protein, influenced by the host immune response including the infiltration of macrophages and humoral immunity.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1990

[The detection and quantitative analysis of viral antigens, infiltrating mononuclear cells, IFN-gamma, LT and IL-6 bearing cells in the frozen brain tissue sections from a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis by immunocytochemistry].

To identify viral antigens, the types of infiltrating mononuclear cells and cytokine bearing cells, the frozen brain tissue sections form a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis who died on 12th hospital days, were examined by immunocytochemistry methods and combined immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. The avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) techniques were applied for the detection of antigens. All monoclonal antibodies to Leu series and polyclonal antisera to lymphotoxin (LT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were purchased form Becton Dickinson Co., and Genzyme Co., (USA) respectively. A large number of neurons and glial cells staining positively HSV-1 antigens were found in the gray matter. Moreover, although a moderate number of HLA-DR (Ia) positive cells were found in the parenchyma, there were few cells displaying positively for Leu-3a, Leu-2a and Leu-7 respectively. To evaluate the number of positive cells appeared in the brain tissues, Leu stain for 4, 2a, 3a, 7, 12 and HLA-DR demonstrated 1.6%, 0.4%, 0.9%, 0.7% and 10% respectively. In addition, numerous number of IFN-gamma positive cells were detected around the lesion and randomly distributed thoroughly the lesion. IL-6 positive cells and LT positive cells were also similar in distribution to IFN-gamma positive cells. Moreover, in simultaneous detection of HLA-DR and HSV-1 mRNA by the combined immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization, there were seen glial cells staining positively for HLA-DR (Ia) and several cells with mRNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1989

Clinical features of aortic arch anomaly with malalignment ventricular septal defect.

The clinical features and outcome after various surgical procedures on 9 patients with coarctation or interruption of the aortic arch and malalignment ventricular septal defect (group 1) were compared with those of 9 patients with the arch anomaly without malalignment ventricular septal defect (group 2). Cardiomegaly and metabolic acidosis were prominent in group 1. Five of the 9 patients in group 1 died in the immediate postoperative period (56% mortality), but no operative deaths occurred among 8 patients in group 2 (p less than 0.01). The ratio of left ventricular outflow tract to ascending aortic diameter was 0.59 +/- 0.09 in group 1 and 1.03 +/- 0.11 in group 2 (p less than 0.01). Three of 4 patients with a ratio of less than 0.6 died, but no operative deaths occurred among the 6 patients who had a palliative operation and in whom the ratio was more than 0.6. These data suggest that left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is critical when the ratio of left ventricular outflow tract to ascending aortic diameter is 0.6 or less. The presence of severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction necessitates modification of the present surgical strategy.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1989

Interrelationship between plasma ionized calcium, plasma noradrenaline (NA) and pressor response to infused NA in patients with essential hypertension.

We evaluated the role of calcium metabolism on plasma noradrenaline concentration (pNA) and pressor response to infused noradrenaline (NA-R) in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension (EHT). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), plasma ionized calcium (pCa2+), and NA-R were measured at the basal condition in 17 EHT and after the administration of calcium antagonist, nifedipine (60mg, t.i.d., for 4 weeks) in 9 EHT. Under basal condition, pCa2+ correlated positively with pNA and negatively with NA-R in EHT. Following nifedipine therapy, persistent reductions of MAP and NA-R, a transient increase in pNA and a sustained increase of urinary excretion of calcium were observed. On the other hand, no significant change in pCa2+ was found during the therapy. Percent change in MAP following 4 weeks of nifedipine administration correlated positively with pCa2+ and pNA before the therapy. In addition, change in NA-R by nifedipine therapy correlated positively with the basal values of pCa2+ and PNA and negatively with NA-R before the treatment. A significant negative correlation between NA-R and pNA was observed following nifedipine therapy as well as the basal state. However, the slope of the regression line between NA-R and pNA decreased significantly after the treatment as compared to the basal state. These results suggest that calcium metabolism relating sympathetic nerve activity and NA-R may contribute to the hypertensive mechanism in EHT. The hypotensive effects of nifedipine may be caused partly by the attenuation of sympathetic nerve activity and NA-R.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1989

[Simultaneous in situ detection of viral antigens and RNA in brain tissues from a patient with herpes simplex encephalitis by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization].

In order to elucidate the correlation between herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) and the central nervous system tissue, we performed the simultaneous detection of viral antigens and RNA in the brain tissue sections from a patient with herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. In the present study the hybridization protocol reported by Brahic M et al. in 1984 were applied for the simultaneous detection of viral RNA and antigens with a few modification. The sections were first immunocytochemically stained to detect HSV-1 antigens by ABC method, and then hybridized with 3H-labelled HSV-1 cDNA probe for the detection of RNA after the acetylation of slides for the prevention of nonspecific bindings of isotope to slides. In the present study, viral antigens were immunocytochemically stained to brown-colored deposits located in the cytoplasm and nucleus whereas viral RNA were detected as the accumulation of many silver grains over the nuclei or cytoplasm. In this case the light microscopic findings in a part of temporal lobe showed multiple areas of necrosis mainly involving the gray matter and a few inflammatory changes such as perivascular cell cuffings. HSV-1 infected Vero cells as positive control demonstrated both antigens and RNA as shown in Fig.1 a. However, no hybridization signals and color deposits were observed in uninfected Vero cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1988

Regional blood flow in resting and stimulated sciatic nerve of diabetic rats.

The role of ischemia in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy remains uncertain. We used the distribution of [14C]butanol to measure resting regional sciatic nerve blood flow in normal, anesthetized rats and in rats with acute experimental diabetes from streptozotocin administration. Regional flows in hind limb biceps femoris muscle and skin were simultaneously measured. In additional diabetic rats, these blood flows were compared in both limbs after proximal electrical stimulation of one sciatic trunk (10 shocks/s) for 15 min. One month after streptozotocin administration, 8 of 11 test rats were hyperglycemic. Resting nerve blood flow in the hyperglycemic rats--5.6 +/- 3.07 ml.min-1.100 g-1--was significantly less than that in the controls (9.4 +/- 3.9 ml.min-1.100 g-1, P = 0.002). Muscle blood flow was normal and skin blood flow decreased in these rats. Calculated tissue vascular resistances were elevated in all three tissues. Stimulation of one sciatic trunk in five other diabetic rats resulted in a stimulated nerve blood flow of 15.7 +/- 7.7 ml.min-1.100 g-1, and nerve blood flow in the resting control limb was 7.7 +/- 4.3 ml.min-1.100 g-1 (P = 0.009). Muscle blood flow increased approximately fourfold on the stimulated side but skin blood flow did not increase. Resting sciatic nerve blood flow is modestly decreased in acute streptozotocin-induced diabetes, but the neural blood vessels are still responsive to the increase in nerve metabolic activity associated with nerve stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[14C]butanol distribution: a new method for measurement of spinal cord blood flow.

[14C]butanol distribution was used to quantitate regional blood flow (SCBF) in the spinal cord (levels T3-5, T7-9, L1-2, L3-S) and in the sciatic nerves (NBF) of control pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats (group A), after 1 h of hemorrhagic hypotension (group B), after 15 min of stimulation of one sciatic nerve (group C-1), and after stimulation of one sciatic nerve plus hemorrhage, which maintained mean arterial pressure (MAP) at control (130 mmHg). Group A SCBF ranged from 52.3 +/- 3.5 (L3-S) to 67.4 +/- 2.7 (L1-2) ml.min-1.100 g-1. NBF was 8.0 +/- 0.9 ml.min-1.100 g-1. Group B SCBF was unchanged. NBF fell to 4.0 +/- 0.4 ml.min-1.100 g-1. Group C-1 SCBF was markedly elevated (range 122 +/- 23.1 to 150.1 +/- 18.7 ml.min-1.100 g-1). NBF was 33.5 +/- 4.1 ml.min-1.100 g-1 (stimulated side) and 14.7 +/- 1.4 ml.min-1.100 g-1 (nonstimulated). MAP was elevated (163 +/- 6 mmHg). In group C-2 (MAP was 130 +/- 4 mmHg), SCBF was still elevated at T3-5, L3-S, and marginally elevated at L1-2. NBF was 22.6 +/- 4.7 ml.min-1.100 g-1 (stimulated) but unchanged contralaterally. [14C]butanol distribution provides a sensitive reproducible measure of SCBF and NBF. Autoregulation of SCBF (but not of NBF) occurred in the range 60-160 mmHg MAP. Spinal cord stimulation via the sciatic nerve increased SCBF two- to threefold, but when hypertension was avoided by blood withdrawal, a modest (38%) increase in SCBF still occurred.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Elevated regional sciatic nerve blood flow in hypothermic anesthetized rats.

The effect of corporal hypothermia on regional blood flow in peripheral nerve is unknown. We compared blood flow in resting sciatic nerves of anesthetized, normothermic rats with that of rats whose rectal temperatures had been acutely lowered to 28 to 30 degrees C. Peripheral nerve regional blood flow in normothermic rats in which one hind limb was cooled was also measured, as were simultaneous flow changes in biceps femoris muscle and thigh skin. Flows were quantitated by the fractional distribution of [14C]butanol. Hypothermia was associated with increased peripheral nerve blood flow and a simultaneous decrease in muscle and skin blood flow. Nerve vascular resistance was not consistently altered in hypothermia, but muscle and skin vascular resistances were elevated. Topical cooling of one limb did not affect the tissue blood flows in either limb. The regulation of resting nerve blood flow in hypothermic rats differs appreciably from that in biceps femoris muscle and skin. Nerve blood flow did not increase with local cooling in normothermic rats. Central, neurally mediated mechanisms may be responsible for the increased regional nerve blood flow in hypothermic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Regional sciatic nerve blood flow response to limb movement.

The regional blood flow in the sciatic nerves (NBF), biceps femoris muscles (MBF), and hind limb skin (SBF) was measured simultaneously in anesthetized, normal rats, in other rats immediately after 15 min of electrical stimulation of one sciatic trunk (10 shocks/s), and in a group of similarly stimulated but previously curarized rats. These experiments were done to quantitate NBF during direct nerve stimulation in both the presence and absence of associated vigorous limb twitching, as these relationships have not previously been examined. Tissue blood flows were measured by an "indicator-fractionation" technic, using the distribution of [14C]butanol. NBF in normal controls was 11.1 +/- 1.4 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1; MBF was 6.8 +/- 0.6 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1. In the stimulated limb of noncurarized rats, NBF rose to 19.8 +/- 3.5 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1. MBF was elevated approximately tenfold. SBF also rose. In stimulated limbs of curarized rats, NBF was also approximately double the resting normal value, 23.2 +/- 4.8 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1, but MBF was then only slightly increased. We conclude that sciatic NBF increases appreciably when this nerve is stimulated, irrespective, for the most part, of whether limb motor activity is increased. The vascular mechanisms which regulate NBF differ from and are largely independent of those regulating MBF.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[A case of alexia with agraphia following left occipital lobe].

Since Dejerine reported cases of alexia with agraphia in 1891 and of pure alexia in 1892, it is generally said that the former may occur due to the lesion of the left angular gyrus and the latter due to that of the medial inferior area of the left occipital lobe. In this article, we reported a case of alexia with agraphia who had the main lesion in the medial inferior area of the occipital lobe of the left hemisphere. A 62-year-old right-handed male showed alexia with agraphia. CT scan and single photon emission CT revealed the main lesion in the medial occipital area on the left side. Alexia with agraphia of the patient was characterized as follows: with regard to reading, though his recognition of forms as letter was nearly spared, he could neither read letters or words nor differentiate Kana- from Kanji-letters. Paralexic errors included confusion of Kana and Kanji. He manifested no kinesthetic facilitation in reading. Regarding writing, his disturbances were more severe in Kanji-writing, but there were paragraphia and difficulty of letter-form evocation even in Kana-writing. He could not write spontaneously or to dictation. His copying of letters was also disturbed. Since it is said that there is no difference between Kana- and Kanji-disturbance in Japanese pure alexics, an aspect of alexia of the patient may be common to pure alexia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Agraphia↗