[Base solution containing dextrose (and others) and electrolytes (and amino acid) injection fluid for TPN].
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Amino Acids↗
Biomedical subjects
S Shimada
Publications and source records attributed to S Shimada.
[TPN solution prepared by hospital pharmacy].
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Adult↗
[Multivitamin-prefiled-syringe as additives to the TPN].
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Humans↗
Assessment of safety and feasibility of spinal endoscope in the thoracic and lumbar region: a cadaveric study.
BACKGROUND: Endoscope has been used far less in the spinal region than in the intracranial cavity. One of the reasons is its safety and feasibility has not been established. To evaluate its safety and feasibility, we performed preliminary cadaveric study prior to clinical endoscopic intervention in the thoracic and lumbar spinal canal. METHODS: The endoscope that had a directable tip with external diameters of 2.2mm was used in this study. The endoscope was inserted percutaneously in the lumbar region (lumbar puncture method) in nine cadavers and was advanced rostrally under endoscopic monitoring. In advancing the endoscope to the upper thoracic region, dorsal, lateral and ventral route was applied. When the endoscope was advanced to the upper thoracic region, vertebral canal from Th 1 to L4 was opened to examine whether there were any injuries to spinal cord and nerves. RESULTS: The endoscope could be manipulated and advanced under endoscopic image in the lumbar region. However, the filum terminale could not be detected under endoscopic view. In the thoracic region, the endoscope could be advanced in dorsal and lateral route. However, in advancing the endoscope in ventral route, the endoscope could not be advanced more rostrally. In cadavers that the endoscope was advanced in dorsal and lateral route, macroscopic and microscopic investigation revealed no injuries including compression marks or trace of cord were observed on the surface of the spinal cord and nerves. CONCLUSIONS: From this preliminary cadaver study, the safe route to advance the endoscope from the lumbar to the thoracic region was established and possibilities of clinical interventions in safe methods could be suggested.
Cadaver↗
Fas/Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis of murine Langerhans cells.
Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are potent antigen-presenting cells (APC), that play a crucial role in initiating cutaneous immune responses. The Fas/Fas ligand pathway has been implicated as an important cellular pathway in the regulation of peripheral immunity. The morphologic, functional and phenotypic characteristics of LC are becoming well-characterized. However, the mechanisms involved in eliminating LC are poorly understood. In this report, we demonstrated that murine epidermal LC constitutively express the Fas antigen (CD95) and the expression was up-regulated by the addition of IFN-gamma in cultures. Interestingly, epidermal LC underwent apoptosis by the addition of both recombinant soluble Fas ligand (FasL) and IFN-gamma, but not by FasL alone. These results suggest that LC may acquire the susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis through up-regulation of the Fas expression by IFN-gamma derived from activated T cells and that the elimination of LC may be important for preventing excess cutaneous inflammatory diseases.
Animals↗
gp100 mRNA is more sensitive than tyrosinase mRNA for RT-PCR amplification to detect circulating melanoma cells in peripheral blood of melanoma patients.
Two different melanocyte-specific mRNAs are studied as markers for circulating melanoma cells in vitro using the human melanoma cell line G361 and in vivo using blood samples from Japanese melanoma patients at different clinical stages. These mRNAs encode tyrosinase, the most essential enzyme for melanin synthesis, and gp100, a melanosomal matrix glycoprotein recognized by monoclonal antibody HMB-45. We used reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect tyrosinase mRNA and gp100 mRNA in peripheral blood. Since melanocytes would not normally be present in peripheral blood, the detection of those transcripts should indicate the presence of circulating melanoma cells. RT-PCR detection of these two mRNAs was highly sensitive and specific. Our in vitro study showed that as few as 10 melanoma cells in 0.125 ml normal blood could be detected. In in vivo study, 130 blood samples from 55 melanoma patients gave positive and variably sensitive results, whereas no samples from healthy controls or patients with other cancers gave positive results. Tyrosinase mRNA was not detected in any of the melanoma patients. gp100 mRNA was detected in 12 of 55 melanoma patients, in none of five stage I patients (0%), in four of 26 stage II patients (15.4%), in one of six stage III patients (16. 7%) and in seven of 18 stage IV patients (38.9%). Thus gp100 mRNA is a more sensitive marker for detecting circulating melanoma cells compared with tyrosinase mRNA.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Detection of circulating melanoma cells by RT-PCR amplification of three different melanocyte-specific mRNAs in a mouse model.
Three different melanocyte-specific mRNAs are studied as potential markers for circulating melanoma cells in the serum of mice inoculated subcutaneously with B16F10 melanoma cells. These three mRNAs encode tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2) and Pmel17, proteins that are essential for the synthesis of melanin and are expressed specifically in melanocytes. We used reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect these three different melanocyte-specific mRNAs in the sera of B16F10 bearing mice. Since melanocytes would not normally be present in the blood, the detection of those transcripts should indicate the presence of circulating melanoma cells. RT-PCR detection of all three mRNAs was highly sensitive and specific. Our in vitro studies show that as few as 10 melanoma cells can be detected in 125 microl blood and that in vivo, melanoma cells can be detected in blood samples from B16F10 melanoma bearing mice. Of these three mRNAs, Pmel17 mRNA is the most sensitive marker for detecting circulating melanoma cells compared with tyrosinase mRNA and TRP-2 mRNA. Moreover, this mouse model might be useful for basic research of malignant melanoma patients with haematogenous metastasis.
Animals↗
A novel strategy for cancer therapy by mutated mammalian degenerin gene transfer.
Mammalian degenerin (MDEG) is a member of the amiloride-sensitive sodium ion channel family, and its site-directed active mutant (MDEG-G430F) induces massive Na+ influx into cells, leading to cell ballooning and cell bursting. We attempted a novel therapeutic approach for gastric cancers by transferring MDEG-G430F into cancer cells using tumor-specific promoters. In carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-producing gastric cancer cells, the level of cell death observed when MDEG-G430F was used with a CEA promoter was similar to that observed when using a potent nonspecific promoter such as the cytomegalovirus promoter. In an in vivo study, fusogenic liposome complexes containing MDEG-G430F driven by the CEA promoter were injected intraperitoneally into CEA-producing gastric cancer cells in a mouse peritoneal dissemination model. Although all 15 of the control mice were dead by 50 days postinoculation, 13 of the 15 mice treated with MDEG-G430F survived. These results indicate that transferring MDEG-G430F into cancer tissues using tumor-specific promoters can achieve striking and selective cancer cell death irrespective of the transcriptional efficiency of the promoters used in vivo, and suggest that this approach is a promising new strategy for cancer gene therapy.
Acid Sensing Ion Channels↗
Postpartum thyroid dysfunction in women with normal thyroid function during pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish the risk of postpartum thyroid dysfunction (PPTD) in women who had normal thyroid function during pregnancy and no history of thyroid disease. DESIGN: Four thousand and twenty-two consecutive pregnant women were screened for thyroid function and antithyroid antibody. Among women with normal thyroid function during pregnancy and no history of thyroid disease, thyroid function were assessed in 131 of 388 antithyroid antibody positive (Group I) and 1030 of 3503 antibody negative (Group II) women at 1 and 3 months postpartum. In Group I women who experienced PPTD, the frequency of later manifestation of Hashimoto's disease was compared according to titres of antithyroid antibodies. MEASUREMENTS: Blood samples in early pregnancy, and at 1 month and 3 months postpartum were obtained using the dried blood spot method. Levels of fT4 were measured by RIA, TSH by fluoroimmunoassay or ELISA, antimicrosome antibody (AMC) and antithyroglobulin antibody (ATG) by indirect agglutination reactions. RESULTS: The prevalence of PPTD at 1 month and 3 months postpartum were found to be 6.9% and 21.3% in Group I, and 5.3% and 4.7% in Group II, respectively. The prevalence of PPTD was significantly higher at 3 months postpartum in Group I (P<0.05). 27.3% of women with PPTD in Group I were later found to have Hashimoto's disease and 9.1% manifested hypothyroidism without goitre. A high AMC titre (> or = 25600) at 3 months postpartum in women with PPTD was related to the manifestation of Hashimoto's disease. AMC titres of PPTD women and women who developed Hashimoto's disease were significantly higher than those of control women who did not experience PPTD. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of PPTD was found in women with antithyroid antibodies who were euthyroid during pregnancy. Prolonged follow-up of the subsequent thyroid function may be needed in women who experience PPTD and/or show a high titre of antithyroid antibody.
Autoantibodies↗
Activation of T-cell receptor-gammadelta+ cells in the intestinal epithelia of KN6 transgenic mice.
We analysed the properties of intraepithelial lymphocytes of small intestine (SI-IEL) in KN6-transgenic (Tg) mice expressing cDNA of T-cell receptor (TCR)-gammadelta specific for the T22b molecule. While most splenic Tg TCR-gammadelta+ cells from KN6-Tg mice with H-2d/d background (Tgd/d mice) were Thy-1+ CD8alpha- CD44dull+ CD45RB+ CD69-, Tg TCR-gammadelta+ cells in SI-IEL (Tg gammadelta-IEL) were heterogeneous in the expression of Thy-1, CD8alpha and CD44 molecules and predominantly CD45RB+ CD69+. Tg gammadelta-IEL exhibited a much reduced proliferative response to the antigen (irradiated H-2b splenocytes) than splenic Tg TCR-gammadelta+ cells; the CD44+ subset, but not the CD44- subset, in Tg gammadelta-IEL responded to the antigen. Furthermore, Tg gammadelta-IEL, but not splenic Tg TCR-gammadelta+ cells, displayed cytolytic activity whether they were prepared from conventional or germ-free KN6-Tg mice. Comparative analysis of young and aged KN6-Tg mice revealed that the proportion of CD44+ cells in Tg gammadelta-IEL increased but the proliferative response of Tg gammadelta-IEL to the antigen attenuated in association with ageing. Moreover, although Tg gammadelta-IEL from Tgb/d mice contained a higher proportion of CD44+ cells than Tgd/d mice, they did not respond to the antigen. These results demonstrate that Tg TCR-gammadelta+ cells lose the ability to recognize the antigen following activation in the intestinal epithelia.
Aging↗
Selective upregulation of fibroblast Fas ligand expression, and prolongation of Fas/Fas ligand-mediated skin allograft survival, by retinoic acid: the skin as a retinoide-inducible immune privilege site.
Fas/Fas ligand-mediated lymphocyte apoptosis has been implicated in the suppression of immune responses and may cause immune privilege. Human corneas exhibit immune privilege and can be transplanted across allogeneic barriers without immunosuppressive therapy, perhaps, because corneal keratinocytes express Fas ligand. To characterize Fas and Fas ligand expression in skin, we examined expression by murine keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, melanocytes, and human umbilical endothelial cells. We also studied the regulation of Fas and Fas ligand in skin cells by retinoic acid, vitamin D3, and dexamethasone as well as various cytokines. Among the molecules and cells tested, retinoic acid selectively upregulated the expression of Fas ligand molecule by fibroblasts. Retinoic acid-induced Fas ligand+ fibroblasts killed Fas+ target cells, and this killing was blocked by anti-Fas ligand antibody. The function of Fas ligand on dermal fibroblasts in vivo was tested in a cutaneous allograft system. Histoincompatible BALB/C mouse (H-2d) donor skin was grafted on to allogeneic C57BL/6 mice (H-2b). Daily local injection of retinoic acid blocked inflammation and extended graft survival for more than 10 d. Injection of retinoic acid into Fas ligand mutated gld/gld donor skin did not prevent leukocyte infiltration into the allograft or prolong graft survival. These experiments indicate that, in skin, retinoic acid selectively increases Fas ligand expression by fibroblasts and that retinoic acid has potent Fas/Fas ligand-dependent immunosuppressive activity.
Animals↗
Early onset sarcoidosis masquerading as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Symptoms of early onset sarcoidosis characterized by skin eruptions, arthritis, and uveitis mimic those of systemic type juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). We report 2 Japanese patients with early onset sarcoidosis, both of whom were initially diagnosed and treated as having JRA. Intermittent fever and synovial swelling may mask sarcoidosis in children less than 4 years old.
Arthritis, Juvenile↗
The relationship between microvessel density, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the extension of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed at clarifying whether the microvessel density (MVD) and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were related to the degree of local invasion and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). STUDY DESIGN: We measured the MVD and examined whether VEGF was expressed in NPC tissue using histological study combined with immunohistochemistry. METHODS: MVD and VEGF expression was measured in 73 specimens of NPC, 15 benign tumors of nasopharyngeal region, and 20 nasopharyngeal tissue without tumor. MVD and VEGF expression in NPC was compared between a metastasis group (49 specimens) and a non-metastasis group (24 specimens). RESULTS: Both MVD and VEGF expression were markedly increased in NPC tissue as compared with those in benign tumors of nasopharyngeal region. Both MVD and VEGF expression in NPC tissue with metastasis were statistically significantly increased as compared with those in NPC without metastasis. Therefore, the invasion and metastasis of NPC cells were closely related to MVD and the expression of VEGF in NPC tissue. CONCLUSION: The metastatic potency of NPC tissue and the prognosis of the patients with NPC can be estimated by measuring MVD and the expression of VEGF in NPC tissue. Drugs that have inhibitory actions on angiogenesis could be useful to prevent metastasis of NPC cells in the patients.
Adult↗
Relationship between plasma cytokine concentration and multiple organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis.
The dynamic aspects of circulating cytokines and cytokine modulators and their relationship with development of multiple organ failure (MOF) in patients with acute pancreatitis were analyzed. All cytokine and C-reactive protein levels in the circulation were higher than those in the MOF group. In particular, plasma concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNF-RI and sTNF-RII) were significantly higher in patients with MOF than in those without even at admission. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of sTNF-Rs and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) were much higher than those of their counterparts, TNFalpha and IL-beta, respectively. These results suggest that the plasma concentrations of sTNF-Rs are useful predictors for the development of MOF, and actions of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta could be regulated by their modulators (soluble receptor and receptor antagonist, respectively) in the pathologic condition of severe acute pancreatitis.
Acute Disease↗
Expression of brain-type glycogen phosphorylase is a potentially novel early biomarker in the carcinogenesis of human colorectal carcinomas.
OBJECTIVE: Our previous studies have demonstrated the significant role of brain-type glycogen phosphorylase (BGP) in the carcinogenesis of gastric carcinoma. The aims of the present study were to investigate the expression of BGP in colorectal carcinoma as well as the timing of this expression in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence (ACS), in comparison with the overexpression of p53 protein. We also sought to identify this marker in the particular colorectal mucosa bearing de novo carcinoma. METHODS: The expression of BGP and p53 protein in colorectal carcinoma using affinity purified specific anti-human BGP antibody (Ab) and anti-p53 Ab was studied using 96 resected specimens. Further investigation to examine the timing of BGP expression in comparison with p53 overexpression was carried out using 13, 18, eight, and 16 specimens of adenoma with mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia, and carcinoma in adenoma, respectively. The BGP immunohistochemistry in whole resected human colorectal mucosa (two with carcinoma and one with ulcer) was carried out using specific anti-BGP and anti-p53 Ab. RESULTS: The BGP visualized by immunohistochemistry was commonly present in colorectal carcinoma (83.3%). The expression of this molecule during ACS showed excellent correlation with the increased dysplasia and was found before p53 overexpression, whereas no BGP expression was seen in the normal human large intestine remote from the cancer foci. Positive staining in overtly normal-looking colonic mucosa was observed mainly around carcinomas without any adenoma component. CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first to localize the BGP molecule in colorectal carcinoma, adenoma, and normal mucosa. It is suggested that BGP is a novel biomarker for carcinogenesis in both the pathways of ACS and the de novo colorectal carcinoma.
Adenoma↗
Three cases of pityriasis rubra pilaris successfully treated with cyclosporin A.
BACKGROUND: Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is reported to respond poorly to cyclosporin A (CsA). OBJECTIVE: We attempted to determine the efficacy of CsA in the treatment of classic adult-type PRP. METHODS: Three patients with classic adult-type PRP were treated with 5 mg/kg/day CsA. RESULTS: A sustained clinical response was achieved within 2-4 weeks of therapy. Relapses were noted when the CsA dose was decreased to 1.2 mg/kg/day. CONCLUSION: CsA should be considered in the treatment of classical adult-type PRP.
Adult↗
Failure in antitumor activity by overdose of an immunomodulating beta-glucan preparation, sonifilan.
Schizophyllan (SPG, Sonifilan) is a soluble (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan, used as a biological response modifier (BRM) with radiation therapy for cancer treatment in Japan. The mechanism of SPG mediated antitumor activity is thought to be via immune stimulation, which includes cytokine production, hematopoietic response, and so on. In this paper, we found that the activity of SPG was quite long-lived and an overdose significantly failed to display the antitumor activity. To demonstrate the mechanism several parameters were examined using a high dose of SPG administration as follows: i) the effect on vascular permeability in vivo, ii) the priming effect on tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) production in vivo, iii) the effect on macrophage adherence to plastic plate in vitro, and iv) anti-Sarcoma 180 antibody production in vivo. It was evident that vascular permeability and anti-Sarcoma 180 antibody production remained unchanged, but TNF-alpha production and adherence to a plastic plate was significantly reduced by a high dose of SPG. These facts strongly suggested that modulation of the cytokine syntheses and the leukocyte traffic would be the causative mechanisms of the failure of antitumor activity by an overdose of SPG.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Antigens expressed in feline enteroepithelial-stages parasites of Toxoplasma gondii.
In an investigation aimed to identify Toxoplasma gondii antigens expressed in feline enteroepithelial-stages parasites, a cDNA library was constructed and fourteen positive clones were isolated by immunoscreening using sera from cats immunized with feline enteroepithelial-stages parasites. By DNA sequence homology analysis, these fourteen isolated clones were classified into four groups: hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) cDNA, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) cDNA, 14-3-3 protein homologue cDNA, and cDNA encoding an unknown product. In an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test, sera from mice immunized with the recombinant protein encoded by the cDNA for HGPRT, HSP70, 14-3-3 protein, or the unknown product each showed a relatively high level of immunoreactivity with feline enteroepithelial-stages parasites.
Animals↗