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Biomedical subjects

S Shima

Publications and source records attributed to S Shima.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Application of Research Diagnostic Criteria and International Classification of Diseases to case vignettes.

Thirty-one case vignettes prepared by the New York State Psychiatric Institute for the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) reliability training were read and independently rated by four Japanese psychiatrists using the RDC and the ICD-9. The psychiatrists obtained the same interrater reliability with both systems for the diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, manic type, and major depressive disorder. Reliability was initially low for the RDC diagnoses of schizoaffective disorder, depressed type, and schizotypal features, but an eventual agreement was reached, concordant with the opinion of the New York experts. Case vignette training may enable non-English-speaking psychiatrists to handle the RDC as effectively as the ICD-9.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed1985

Serum lipid peroxide level and blood superoxide dismutase activity in workers with occupational exposure to lead.

We studied whether lead exposure increased the serum lipid peroxide (LPO) level and inhibited blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in workers with occupational exposure to lead and rats injected with lead. We examined the following subjects: (1) manual workers (712 males) from 18 to 59-years-old in steel production with occupational exposure to lead, (2) office workers (155 males) without exposure to lead, (3) rats subcutaneously injected with lead in concentrations of 10 or 20 mg/kg as lead acetate. The nutritional intakes of manual workers and office workers were approximately equal. Serum LPO and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CL) levels in manual workers (LPO: 4.4 +/- 1.9 nmol/ml, HDL-CL: 55.6 +/- 14.2 mg/dl) were significantly higher than those in office workers (LPO: 4.0 +/- 1.4 nmol/ml, HDL-CL: 53.0 +/- 13.9 mg/dl). Serum LPO level in the manual workers increased with an increase of the lead concentration in the blood, while blood SOD activity decreased. Similar phenomena were observed in rats subcutaneously injected with lead acetate. Furthermore, the addition of lead at higher than 20-microM concentrations to non-treated rats liver microsomes increased NADPH-dependent liquid peroxidation, and these lead concentrations inhibited bovine erythrocyte SOD activity in vitro assay system. In conclusion, the present results seem to indicate that the increase of serum LPO level in workers with occupational exposure to lead is due not only to the stimulation of lipid peroxidation, but also to the inhibition of SOD activity by exposure to lead in the manufacturing processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Normal ventricles in chronic schizophrenics.

The computed tomography (CT) scans of 46 chronic schizophrenic patients and 46 controls were studied using ventricular-brain ratio. Ewans' index, and cella media index. None of the indices used revealed significant differences between the patient and the control groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Age-related alterations in the catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase system of the prostate.

Considerably reduced responses to stimulation by isoproterenol of adenylate cyclase activity of prostatic membranes were observed in 12- to 18-month-old rats, compared to 3-month-old animals. Plasma testosterone levels were significantly lower in 18-month-old rats, while 12-month-old animals showed levels similar to those present in young ones. A decrease in isoproterenol activation of adenylate cyclase was not associated with a fall in beta-adrenergic receptor sites. Guanine triphosphate and 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) were effective in potentiation of isoproterenol activation of adenylate cyclase and altering the affinity of beta-adrenergic receptors for the agonist in membranes from young rats but not from the aged. The age-induced refractoriness to isoproterenol or Gpp(NH)p was observed without a significant loss in NaF-stimulated activity. Prior incubation of aged membranes with isoproterenol and GMP restored subsequent stimulation by Gpp(NH)p, presumably due to the clearance of inhibitory GDP tightly bound to the guanine nucleotide regulatory components in aged membranes. These results indicate that the dysfunction in the adenylate cyclase system of old prostates may not be related to a modification in the beta-adrenergic receptor per se, but to, in part, a defect in the interaction of activating guanine nucleotides with regulatory components of the adenylate cyclase system.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1985

[Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (early stage) concomitant with lung cancer--a case report].

A case of early esophageal cancer, 2.5 cm in length, located just above the esophagogastric junction is presented. This cancer seemed to originate from the fundic gland of the esophagus, because it consisted of the submucosal invasion of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma which was almost completely covered with the squamous cell mucosa of the esophagus. This patient was referred to our clinic because of lower to be a small-cell carcinoma of the lung extending to the mediastinum. He died of the lung cancer one year after operation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[A case of simultaneous surgery for primary double cancer of the stomach and kidney].

A 46-year-old man had a general health check including an upper gastrointestinal series, gastric endoscopy and biopsy. He was diagnosed as advanced gastric cancer and hospitalized for surgery. Preoperative abdominal CT scan examination was performed, and a mass was incidentally detected in the left kidney. Further examination, ultrasound survey and selective renal angiography, confirmed a renal cancer. The patient had had no macroscopic or microscopic hematuria. Gastric resection with lymph node dissection and left nephrectomy were performed and then both cancers were radically removed. Pathologically, gastric cancer was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and renal cancer was carcinoma of the clear cell type.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Depression and ventricular enlargement.

Compared with controls, 46 depressed patients showed increased ventricular-brain ratio (VBR). Patients with poor outcome, single episode, onset at 50 years or over, or without melancholia were found to have greater VBR than controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Studies on cyclic nucleotides in the adrenal gland. XI. Adrenergic regulation of adenylate cyclase activity in the adrenal cortex.

Adrenergic regulation of adenylate cyclase activities in the zona glomerulosa (the capsular fraction) and the zona fasciculata-reticularis (the decapsulated fraction) from rat adrenocortical glands has been investigated. Specific binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol to the membrane from the capsular and the decapsulated fractions was saturable with dissociation constant (Kd) of 4.67 and 5.1 microM, respectively. The receptor density in the capsular and the decapsulated fractions was 230 and 235 fmol/mg protein, respectively. The potencies which isoproterenol, epinephrine, salbutamol, and norepinephrine competed with [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding sites indicted that adrenergic receptors of the capsular and the decapsulated membranes were of the beta 2-type. beta-Adrenergic stimulation of the adenylate cyclase system was observed only in the capsular fraction. This suggests that beta-adrenergic receptors of the capsular membrane are associated with their adenylate cyclase system, but those of the decapsulated membrane are not. Maximum stimulatory concentrations of ACTH and isoproterenol had no additive effect on the capsular adenylate cyclase, indicating that receptors for ACTH and beta-adrenergic agonists are coupled to a common pool of the cyclase.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1984

[Bronchial asthma due to inhaled chloroplatinate].

Platinum and its compounds have characteristics that make them excellent oxygen sensors, and in recent years they have come to be used in large amounts in the manufacture of internal combustion engines. Recently, there have been detected among workers engaged in making platinum oxygen sensors, dermatitis and bronchial asthma which appear to be ascribable to exposure to chloroplatinate. This is a study of their etiology from the viewpoint of industrial hygiene and clinical medicine. The results obtained are as follows: Platinum-induced allergic disorders developed in a worker who applies about 50% chloroplatinate to zirconia porcelain. Although the concentration of platinum in the air was 2 microgram/m3 or less as determined by ACGIH, the worker was directly exposed to the dried powder of ammonium chloroplatinate with relatively high concentration; while the exposure was intermittent and topical, it resulted in aspiration of the powder. Bronchial asthma observed in 2 of 16 workers (12.5%) was reactive in a skin drop test with 1% chloroplatinate, and typical bronchial asthma was induced in an environmental provocation test carried out in a room where platinum sensors are made. Parameters obtained from periphero-hematological and immuno-serological tests were within the normal range. The main symptoms revealed by physical examination of workers exposed to chloroplatinate contact dermatitis in 11 (78.6%), pharyngeal irritation in 6 (42.9%), nasal obstruction in 2 (14.3%), frequent sneezing, coughing, and sputum in one each.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Antimicrobial action of epsilon-poly-L-lysine.

The antimicrobial spectrum of epsilon-poly-L-lysine (n = 25-30, epsilon-PL) was investigated by comparison with alpha-poly-L-lysine (n = 50, alpha-PL). epsilon-PL showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria at concentrations of 1-8 micrograms/ml. alpha-PL was less active than epsilon-PL. A chain length of at least 10 L-lysine monomers was found to be optimum for antimicrobial activity. Chemical modification of the amino groups of epsilon-PL lowered its antibacterial activity. Studies on the mode of action of epsilon-PL suggest that absorption of epsilon-PL to the bacterial cell surface plays an important role in its antibacterial activity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Blockade of heterologous desensitization of prostate adenylate cyclase without blockade of homologous down regulation of receptors or loss of GTP regulation of agonist binding.

Exposure of rat prostatic tissues to isoproterenol resulted in rapid desensitization of their catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase which was associated with reduction of available beta-adrenoceptors and a loss of guanine nucleotide-mediated regulation of agonist binding to these receptors. The effect of isoproterenol treatment on responsiveness of the adenylate cyclase was prevented by acetylcholine, high potassium ion, or the calcium ionophore A23187. Preservation of responsiveness was not accompanied by maintenance of available beta-adrenoceptors or maintenance of guanine nucleotide regulation of agonist bindings. These results suggest that the lesion of the guanine nucleotide regulating components coupled to the catalytic moiety of the enzyme complex is a crucial factor in the desensitization of catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase and the preservation of enzyme reaction could be accomplished by agents increasing intracellular calcium, which in turn, maintain the nucleotide regulatory components coupling to the cyclase in a protective environment from desensitization.

Acetylcholine↗