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S Shiina

Publications and source records attributed to S Shiina.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Clonality in hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of methylation pattern of polymorphic X-chromosome-linked phosphoglycerate kinase gene in females.

Analysis of X-chromosome inactivation patterns in women has been used to assess the clonality of various tumors. In this report, we analyzed 27 liver tumors in women, including 18 samples obtained by the performance of ultrasonically guided thin-needle biopsies. By analysis of the heterogeneity of phosphoglycerate kinase gene, 11 of 27 (41%) cases were found to be heterozygous at the gene. Of these informative 11 cases with liver tumors, 7 cases were "large" tumors (> 25 mm in diameter) and 4 cases were "small" tumors (< 25 mm in diameter). All 7 large tumors showed monoclonal patterns by the phosphoglycerate kinase gene analysis. Of the 4 small tumors, 2 showed monoclonal, and 2 showed polyclonal patterns. The 2 with monoclonal patterns were pathologically diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma despite their small sizes (20 mm and 23 mm). Of the two with polyclonal patterns, the smallest one (15 mm) was diagnosed as benign adenomatous hyperplasia, and the other as hepatocellular carcinoma heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes. These data suggest that analysis of the methylation pattern of the phosphoglycerate kinase gene may be helpful on rare occasions in elucidating the nature of liver tumors but must in fact be used in conjunction with histological appearances to avoid errors secondary to inflammatory infiltrates.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Modulation of KC/gro protein (interleukin-8 related protein in rodents) release from hepatocytes by biologically active mediators.

Modulation of the release of KC/gro protein (a chemoattractant for neutrophils; IL-8 related protein in rodents) from isolated hepatocytes after stimulation with biologically active mediators was investigated. The release of KC/gro protein from hepatocytes of control rats was enhanced by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha in a dose-dependent manner, but was not enhanced by IL-6. In contrast, although spontaneous release of KC/gro protein from the hepatocytes of chronically ethanol-fed rats was markedly enhanced as compared with control rats, the relative increase by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha was significantly smaller than in controls. These findings suggest that the regulation of hepatocyte KC/gro protein production might be disturbed in chronically ethanol-fed rats.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1994

Detection of alpha-fetoprotein mRNA, an indicator of hematogenous spreading hepatocellular carcinoma, in the circulation: a possible predictor of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.

We attempted to detect circulating hepatocellular carcinoma by demonstrating hepatocyte-associated mRNA in the nuclear cell component of peripheral blood using nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction because of the extremely small number of tumor cells in the circulation. Albumin mRNA was demonstrated not only in the liver tissue (hepatocytes) and HepG2 cells but also in nuclear cells of the blood from normal healthy volunteers (neutrophils and lymphocytes) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In contrast, alpha-fetoprotein mRNA was demonstrated in the liver tissue, as well as in HepG2 cells, but not in peripheral blood of normal healthy volunteers, indicating the possibility of using alpha-fetoprotein mRNA for detection of benign and malignant hepatocytes among the population of neutrophils and lymphocytes. alpha-Fetoprotein mRNA in peripheral blood was detected in 17 of 33 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (52%), 2 of 13 cases of cirrhosis (15%) and 2 of 17 cases of chronic hepatitis (12%). alpha-Fetoprotein mRNA was not demonstrated in 26 cases of normal healthy volunteers (0%). Among the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, total volume of tumor tissue, maximum size of tumor and serum alpha-fetoprotein level were markedly increased in the patients with alpha-fetoprotein mRNA in blood. In addition, alpha-fetoprotein mRNA was detected in the blood of all 6 patients showing metastasis at extrahepatic organs (100%), in contrast to 11 of 27 cases without metastasis (41%). From these results, we conclude that the presence of alpha-fetoprotein mRNA in peripheral blood may be an indicator of circulating malignant or benign hepatocytes, which might predict hematogenous spreading metastasis of tumor cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in galactosamine hepatitis: mechanism of adherence to hepatic endothelial cells.

To investigate the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in galactosamine-induced hepatic injury, we injected rats intraperitoneally with antiserum against rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes to deplete circulating neutrophils, then administered galactosamine plus lipopolysaccharide. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the hepatic sinusoids were increased after administration of galactosamine plus lipopolysaccharide, whereas pretreatment with the antiserum decreased the number of circulating leukocytes and reduced the mortality and the severity of hepatic injury. Serum collected 1 hr after galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide treatment enhanced in vitro polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence to hepatic endothelial cells and induced leukocyte superoxide production. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on hepatic endothelial cells was also enhanced after stimulation with the serum. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesion was partially inhibited by an antibody against tumor necrosis factor-alpha but not by superoxide dismutase. These results suggest that polymorphonuclear leukocytes play an important role in galactosamine-induced hepatic injury and that the accumulation and activation of leukocytes, as well as the enhanced expression of adhesion molecules on hepatic endothelial cells, can be induced by biologically active mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In addition, prostaglandins E1 and E2 lessened the enhanced adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and thus contributed to protection against hepatic injury.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1994

Effect of anti-allergic agents on chemotaxis of neutrophils by stimulation of chemotactic factor released from hepatocytes exposed to ethanol.

In an attempt to clarify a mechanism of neutrophil infiltration in the liver of alcoholics and possible therapeutic effect of antiallergic agents on accumulation of these cells in the liver, we investigated chemotaxis of neutrophils by stimulation of a chemotactic factor released from rat hepatocytes exposed to ethanol. When hepatocytes were incubated with more than 30 mM ethanol for 24 hr, chemotactic activity for both rat and human neutrophils was demonstrated in the conditioned medium. An enhanced chemotactic activity of the conditioned medium was reduced in the presence of antibody against KC/gro protein, one of the interleukin-8-related cytokines in rodents. Antiallergic agents such as azelastine or ketotifen at a concentration of > 0.01 microM markedly reduced chemotaxis of neutrophils. Prednisolone at a concentration of > 10 microM also reduced chemotaxis of neutrophils. These results suggest that neutrophil accumulation in the liver of human alcoholics could be induced by a chemotactic factor produced by the ethanol-treated hepatocytes and that antiallergic agents could be effective against the extent of alcoholic hepatitis by reducing chemotaxis of neutrophils.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Pseudomyxoma peritonei due to adenocarcinoma of the lung: case report.

A rare case of pseudomyxoma peritonei whose primary site was presumed to be the lung is reported. A 76-year-old woman was admitted to Hospital presenting with progressive abdominal distention. She had been admitted twice, 2 and 1 year previously for the evaluation of high plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, of 11.6 ng/ml. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan and chest X-ray film on the third admission revealed a nodular lesion in the left lower lung field, and transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) revealed mucus-producing tall columnar epithelial carcinoma. Paracentesis revealed gelatinous ascitic fluid. At laparotomy, appendix and ovary were normal, and there were many small cystic tumors on the peritoneal surface and omentum. The patient died 2 years later, after repeated episodes of dynamic ileus. The lung and abdominal tumors gradually increased in size during the 2-year period, but she developed no respiratory symptoms. Based on both the clinical and pathophysiological findings, the final diagnosis made was pseudomyxoma peritonei whose origin was a lung adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatous angiitis) with multiple perforating ulcers of the small intestine, multiple ulcers of the colon, and mononeuritis multiplex.

A case of Churg-Strauss syndrome with multiple perforations of the small intestine is described. A 31-year-old woman was admitted with a complaint of epigastric pain. She had a history of bronchial asthma. One week before admission, white blood cell count was 20,800/mm3 with 59% eosinophils. Neurological examination on admission disclosed mononeuritis multiplex with paresthesia in both the lower and upper extremities. At colonoscopy, there were scattered aphthous ulcers in the colon. Ophthalmological examination revealed allergic conjunctivitis. After admission, hypereosinophilia increased to as high as 36,000/mm3. Oral administration of prednisolone (60 mg/day) was begun. On the 3rd day of the treatment, the eosinophil count decreased dramatically, to 400/mm3, while severe abdominal pain developed. Since abdominal X-ray film revealed free air in the abdominal cavity, emergency laparotomy was performed and multiple intestinal ulcers with perforations were found. Partial ileectomy was performed. Pathological findings of the resected specimen were interpreted as a necrotizing angiitis with extravascular granuloma. Since the operation, the patient has been asymptomatic, except for neurological symptoms. Hypereosinophilia has decreased without treatment to counts averaging 270/mm3, within 3 months. On the basis of the clinical features and histopathological findings, a diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome was established.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A case of primary gastric choriocarcinoma and a review of the Japanese literature.

A 63-year old woman who had experienced melena for 2 weeks was admitted to Tokyo University Hospital. Gastric adenocarcinoma was diagnosed endoscopically and histologically, and a total gastrectomy was performed soon thereafter. Pathological examination of the resected stomach revealed choriocarcinoma of the stomach. Although chemotherapy was administered after surgery, she died 3 months after admission. Autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of primary gastric choriocarcinoma, a rare, but highly malignant tumor. It is characteristic; macroscopically it forms a necrotic mass with bleeding, and microscopically it often consists of adenocarcinoma and choriocarcinoma. Since its prognosis is extremely poor, we must take into account the possibility of primary gastric choriocarcinoma when a hemorrhagic gastric tumor with necrosis is found.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Roles of Ca2+ and protein kinase C in regulation of prostaglandin E2 release by cultured rabbit gastric epithelial cells.

Prostaglandin (PG) has been reported to be one of the important protective factors in the gastric mucosa. However the mechanism of the regulation of endogenous PG production has not been well studied. We investigated the possible roles of Ca2+, cAMP, and protein kinase C (PKC) in the regulation of PGE2 release from cultured rabbit gastric mucosal cells. PGE2 was measured by radioimmunoassay. A23187 (Ca2+ ionophore) at 2 x 10(-6) M significantly increased PGE2 release. Deprivation of Ca2+ from the medium blocked the A23187-induced increase of PGE2. TMB-8 (a putative inhibitor of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores) did not have any significant effects on the increase of PGE2-induced by A23187. Thus, A23187 increased PGE2 through the influx of extracellular Ca2+. W7 or compound 48/80 (calmodulin inhibitors) did not alter the response of PGE2 caused by A23187. Exogenous administration of cAMP, forskolin (an activator of adenylate cyclase), or 2-chloroadenosine (a possible activator of adenylate cyclase through adenosine A2 receptor) had neither significant effects on PGE2 release nor an effect on A23187-induced increase of PGE2 release. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA, an activator of PKC) significantly stimulated PGE2 release in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas another phorbol ester with no biological activity did not. A23187 at 0.8 x 10(-6) M, but not cAMP, potentiated the TPA-induced increase of PGE2. Mepacrine (a phospholipase A2 inhibitor) reduced the A23187- and TPA-induced increase of PGE2. These results suggest that Ca2+ and protein kinase C may play important roles in the regulation of PGE2 release by cultured rabbit gastric cells.

2-Chloroadenosine↗
PubMed1993

Quantification of sinusoidal cell function in vivo.

Although the clearance and distribution of ligand molecules in circulation represent the function of hepatic sinusoidal cells, these mechanisms revealed a network that is more intricate than would at first seem, since several receptors are common to not only one type of cell, but also to two or three types of cells in the liver. In the case of latex particles in which their uptake by a particular cell type seems to be determined by their size, sinusoidal endothelial cells are able to internalize particles up to 0.23 microns under physiologic conditions, in vivo, and larger particles are taken up by Kupffer cells. However, when the phagocytic function of Kupffer cells is impaired by frog virus 3 or alcohol, endothelial cells have been found to take up particles larger than 1 micron in diameter after the injection of an excess amount of latex particles. Endothelial cells would thus constitute a second line of defense in the liver in that they remove foreign materials from the blood when Kupffer cell phagocytic function is totally disturbed. This potential role may not, however, be fully expressed under physiologic conditions when Kupffer cells are active in clearing foreign substance from the circulation. The functions of liver sinusoidal cells are varied and complex and these cells can be regarded as "a sinusoidal cell unit." This cellular interaction must be taken into account for any quantitative analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: results in 146 patients.

OBJECTIVE: Sonographically guided percutaneous ethanol injection therapy has been used widely in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, few reports have been published on the results of this treatment in large numbers of patients. Accordingly, we describe our experience with 146 patients who had this treatment. The study is an update of our previous reports on this subject. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We used ethanol injection, with or without transcatheter arterial embolization, 1048 times in 146 patients who had 242 lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma. In 98 patients, ethanol injection was used to attempt a cure of the disease. In the remaining 48 patients, ethanol injection was used palliatively only to reduce the tumor burden. In most cases, 2-8 ml of absolute ethanol was injected in one treatment session. Patients were given the injections two or three times each week until ethanol was injected throughout the lesion. When tumors were greater than 2 cm in diameter, ethanol was injected into the edges of the lesion. RESULTS: Histopathologic examination after treatment in 21 cases showed that the lesion was completely necrotic in 15 cases, 90% necrotic in five cases, and 70% necrotic in the remaining case. Follow-up angiography performed in 69 cases showed no contrast stains in the treated tumors in 60 cases. Elevated serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein decreased in 39 of 43 cases. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year survival rates of all 146 patients were 79%, 64%, 46%, 38%, and 38%, respectively. Among 98 patients in whom ethanol injection was used as a potentially curative therapy, these rates were 85%, 70%, 62%, 52%, and 52%, respectively. After ethanol injection, the cancer recurred frequently; the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year recurrence rates in the potentially curative group were 26%, 38%, 51%, 60%, and 60%, respectively. However, 84% of recurrences were new lesions in different portions of the liver; recurrence of lesions treated by ethanol injection was rare. Major complications of the treatment were peritoneal bleeding in two cases and pleural effusion in one case. CONCLUSION: Histopathologic examination, angiography, and serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein showed that percutaneous ethanol injection is a valuable treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The therapy increased the long-term survival of patients who have this disease.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1993

Production of chemotactic factor, interleukin-8, from hepatocytes exposed to ethanol.

In a previous paper, we demonstrated proteinous chemotactic factors released from hepatocytes exposed to ethanol. In this study, we further characterized the chemotactic factors released from ethanol-treated hepatocytes. After fractionating the conditioned medium with gel chromatography, we demonstrated chemotactic activity at molecular weights of around 20 and 40 kD. When the conditioned medium was mixed with antiserum against interleukin-8, chemotactic activity was almost completely abolished. In addition, antiserum against interleukin-8 completely reduced chemotactic activity of the 20-kD chemotactic factor but did not influence the chemotactic activity of the 40-kD chemotactic factor. After gel electrophoresis of the conditioned medium, the protein reacted with antibody against interleukin-8 was demonstrated at a molecular weight of 20 kD but was not found at a molecular weight of 40 kD. These results suggest that a major part of the proteinous chemotactic factors released from hepatocytes exposed to ethanol could be a dimer form of interleukin-8, one of the proinflammatory cytokines, possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Future of administration and management in clinical laboratory].

Some problems in administering and managing clinical laboratories relate to technology, safety and health. Total systematization will help resolve these problems, and includes several new ideas, such as total investigation, total automation, total safety, total flexibility, total standardization, total estimation and a totally open-door. Patient-orientation is also important. In our physiological department, this aim was obtained to some extent by the introduction of computerization, optical data filing system and personnel arrangement.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1993

Mixed colony formation composed of erythroblasts and myeloblasts by leukemic blast progenitors in patients with erythroleukemia.

To determine the clonal origin and growth requirement of leukemic blast progenitors in erythroleukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) M6, T cell-depleted mononuclear cells obtained from 5 erythroleukemia patients were cultured in methylcellulose media. Although plating efficiency did not significantly differ from those in the other AML subtypes, the morphology of colonies in erythroleukemia was distinct. Two types of colonies were formed; one was composed of myeloblasts, and the other consisted of erythroblasts and myeloblasts. The "mixed" colony formation was not stimulated by interleukin-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or erythropoietin. Both types of colonies were formed spontaneously in the absence of supplemented growth-stimulatory factor when cultured at high density. The results suggest that leukemic blast progenitors in erythroleukemia originated at the stage of bipotent hematopoietic precursor capable of differentiating into erythroid and myeloid lineages. The formation of mixed colonies composed of erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the absence of erythropoietin or colony-stimulating factor may indicate the deranged hematopoiesis in erythroleukemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of hepatic metastasis of colon carcinoma by asialo GM1--positive cells in the liver.

This study investigates the role of hepatic asialo GM1-positive cells in inhibiting hepatic metastasis of colon carcinoma (colon adenocarcinoma 38) in mice after administration of a biological response modifier, streptococcal derivative (OK432). Administration of OK432 increased the number of asialo GM1-positive cells in the liver, enhanced natural killer activity of hepatic mononuclear cells and reduced the number of hepatic metastases of colon carcinoma inoculated into the superior mesenteric vein. Administration of antiserum against asialo GM1 reduced the number of hepatic asialo GM1-positive cells, abolished natural killer activity of hepatic mononuclear cells and increased the number of hepatic metastases. In addition, administration of antiserum against asialo GM1 even after OK432 treatment also decreased the number of asialo GM1-positive cells, reduced natural killer activity of hepatic mononuclear cells and increased the number of hepatic metastases of colon carcinoma. However, administration of gadolinium chloride, which suppresses phagocytic function of Kupffer cells, did not influence the natural killer activity of hepatic mononuclear cells or the number of hepatic metastases. In vivo tumor-neutralization assay revealed that tumor growth was inhibited by the hepatic mononuclear asialo GM1-positive cells, but not by T lymphocytes or Kupffer cells after OK432 administration. These results suggest that an increased number of hepatic asialo GM1-positive cells after administration of OK432 plays an important role in protecting against metastasis of colon carcinoma in the liver.

Animals↗