Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Shigeta.
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In vitro activities of antibacterial agents against E. coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter and Proteus which were isolated from patients urinary tract infections at 8 hospitals in Japan, were investigated by agar dilution method from July to October in 1979. The summarized results are as follows. 1. Among oral antibacterial agents, MPC and PPA have showed potent antibacterial activities against E. coli and Klebsiella. Among parenteral antibiotics, CTM was the most active against E. coli and Klebsiella. However, ABPC-resistant E. coli and Klebsiella have appeared to occupy about 40% and 96% of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections, respectively. 2. In vitro activities of antibacterial agents against Proteus and Citrobacter showed not so potent. 3. Causative organisms in female patients with simple urinary tract infections were mainly E. coli and Klebsiella. 4. Among oral antibacterial agents, PPA have shown similar antimicrobial activities against E. coli isolated from simple and complicated urinary tract infections. ABPC and MPC have been influenced in some degree by these factors. However, parenteral antibiotics are not influenced by these factors. On the other hand, in vitro activities of antibacterial agents against Klebsiella isolated from simple and complicated urinary tract infections were similar.
Female mice 11 weeks of age (ICR Strain) with vaginal plugs were divided into three groups. Two groups were exposed to 100 or 1,000 ppm of toluene and the other group was exposed to air in the exposure chamber of six hours every day from the 1st to 17th day of gestation. On the 18th day of gestation, two thirds of the mice in each group were sacrificed and their uteri were examined from implantation and resorption sites. The fetuses were weighed and external examinations for malformations were performed. Skeletal preparations stained with alizarin red S were also examined. To compare the postnatal growth of pups in the three groups, the rest of the mice in each group were delivered. Results were as follows. 1. Incidence of resorbed fetuses in the 100ppm and 1,000ppm toluene exposed groups was increased when compared with the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. 2. No significant difference was observed in the number of implantation sites, mean live or dead fetuses and mean fetal body weight among the three groups. 3. External malformations were found at a low frequency, and no difference was seen among the three groups. 4. Body weight gains, and periods of eye or ear-opening, weaning, full incidence of body hair and coordinated walking of pups showed no differences among the groups. 5. Incidence of skeletal abnormalities was low, except for extra 14th ribs and rudimentary 14th ribs. The high incidence of extra 14th ribs in the 1,000ppm toluene exposed group suggested the possible teratogenicity of toluene.
Anticomplement immunofluorescence (ACIF) was tested for its use for the titration of antibody against varicella-zoster virus (VZV). ACIF antibody responses of patients with VZV infection were specific for VZV antigen and heterotypic responses to herpes simplex virus type-1 and cytomegalovirus antigens were not observed. Comparative studies of ACIF, membrane immunofluorescence (MIF) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF), using acetone-fixed antigen, were carried out with nonimmune sera and convalescent sera of patients who had recovered from varicella, herpes zoster and Rumsey Hunt disease. Nonspecific staining occurred with some nonimmune sera at a 1:4 dilution in the MIF and IF tests, after freezing and thawing of the serum, but not in the ACIF test. The antibody titers in convalescent sera agreed well in these three methods and the highest titer was obtained by MIF. The titers in ACIF and IF were similar but the ACIF antibody decreased earlier than the IF antibody during convalescence. On the other hand there was a discrepancy between the titers of ACIF and those of MIF and IF antibody in the sera of healthy adults, all sera with titers higher than 10 in the MIF and IF tests had titers below 10 in the ACIF test. The average titer of ACIF antibody declined to less than 10 with increasing age (13 to more than 20 years), whereas the MIF antibody increased during the same period of life.
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The purpose of the present study was to carry out the immunological and cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid in 9 patients with Ramsay Hunt's syndrome. The results obtained were as follows: Among the serum immunoglobulins, IgG in 1 and IgM in 5 of 9 cases increased. The Varicella Zoster antibody titer was significantly elevated in sera of all 9 cases and in CSF of all 7 examined cases. There ws positive fluorescence to Varicella Zoster virus in 2 (Cases 8 and 9) of 4 cases in which CSF smears were examined. The cells showing fluorescence were 10.5% in the former and 1.5% in the latter. Pleocytosis was found in all cases and CSF cell counts ranged from 52 to 2,000/3 mm3 in the early stage. In 3 cases immunoglobulin containing cells (IgG and IgM) were seen about 2-20% within 2 weeks of onset. IgG contents in all and IgG% in 8 of 9 cases, IgA concentration in 7 and IgA% in 7 of 9 cases were increased. These results support the view that the Varicella Zoster virus spreads to the meninges and CSF from ganglions in patients with Ramsay Hunt's syndromes.
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Fifteen rats in which responding under the Sidman avoidance schedule had been established were first exposed to air for 4 hr, then randomly to 350, 750 or 1,500 ppm of toluene vapor for 1, 2 or 4 hr, following which the effects on lever pressing behavior were investigated for 80 min after the termination of toluene exposure. The effect of concentration, exposure duration and test period on lever pressing of toluene was revealed clearly in the test. Using the technique adopted in this experiment, one could be determining the minimal effective exposure condition in terms of toluene concentration and exposure duration is 1,500 ppm for 2 hr. These findings suggest the usefulness of this technique in assessing the behavioral toxicity of toluene.
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After infection with varicella-zoster virus, HeLa and human embryo lung cells developed a receptor for the Fc portion of human and rabbit immunoglobulin G. The receptor was detected by both hemadsorption and immunofluorescence, using antibody-coated erythrocytes and heat-aggregated immunoglobulin G. However, sheep erythrocytes sensitized with F(ab')2 of anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody did not adsorb to the receptor. When cell-free varicella-zoster virus was inoculated into the HeLa cell monolayer, the Fc receptor appeared at first 6 h after infection; varicella-zoster virus antigen in the cytoplasm and detectable cytopathic effects appeared later.
The relation between work postures and muscle load, the differences of muscle load in holding two different shaped objects, a human model and a box each weighting 20 kg, and the effects of wearing a belt and a corset to reduce the low back muscle load were studied in the experimental nursing work on physically and/or mentally handicapped patients. Four female healthy college students exercised a static and a dynamic nursing work designed for the experiment. E.M.G., heart rate, subjective symptoms and maximum sustaining time were measured during the work. Results are as follows: 1) The low back muscle load increased only in sustaining the forward bending posture. 2) The forward bending posture with a load weighing 20 kg caused shortening of the time to sustain the same posture. 3) The muscle load by holding the human model was larger compared to that by holding the box, and the muscle load was different according to the shape of the holding objects. 4) Wearing a belt and a corset was effective to reduce the low back muscle load by raising the abdominal pressure.
Effects of single exposure to toluene on the operant behavior in rats were studied. The animals, in which the behavioral base line had been established, were exposed to 0, 1,000 and 3,000 ppm of toluene vapor for four hours, and the effects on the behavioral pattern of lever pressing were investigated for one hour after the end of exposure using Sidman avoidance test. 1) Exposure to 0 or 1,000 ppm of toluene did not affect the established operant behavior of the rats. 2) Exposure to 3,000 ppm produced increased responses, shortening of the inter-response-time, and no change in shock counts at the early stage of Sidman avoidance test when compared with those before exposure. 3) The behavioral change indicated here appears to be caused by a temporary breakdown of the established timing of lever pressing. 4) The effect of toluene on the operant behavior was strongest immediately after the aviodance test begun and the behavior recovered in about an hour. From the results of our experiment it can be said that the experimental methods used in this study is useful to evaluate the toxicity of toluene to the central nervous system of the animals.
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