[A sketch of the sweating therapy] (Chi).
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China↗
Biomedical subjects
S Shen
Publications and source records attributed to S Shen.
Failure to thrive associated with chronic ulcer disease in a 9-year-old boy.
Chronic peptic ulcer disease is not generally considered to cause failure to thrive. We are reporting a 9-year-old child who suffered from chronic recurrent abdominal pain and failure to thrive. Investigation revealed that the child also had bacterial overgrowth and evidence of malabsorption. These findings were considered to be due to chronic peptic ulcer disease which caused intermittent small bowel obstruction and gastric outlet obstruction. Successful treatment of the ulcer alone resulted in catch-up growth and an end to the chronic recurrent pain. Recurrent abdominal pain when associated with atypical features or failure to thrive should be adequately investigated. Although rare, chronic peptic ulcer disease with its sequelae should be considered in the differential diagnosis of failure to thrive.
Abdomen↗
Treatment of primary undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver with surgery and chemotherapy.
Primary undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver is a rare tumor with survival reliant on total excision of the tumor. The authors report such a tumor, initially nonresectable, in a 7-year-old girl whose tumor was successfully excised following treatment with cisplatin and Adriamycin (doxorubicin). The light and electron microscopic details of this patient's tumor are presented.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Mucosal proctectomy using an ultrasonic scalpel.
Mucosal proctectomy is becoming the operation of choice in the surgical treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis coli. Dissection of the rectal mucosa and submucosa from the underlying muscularis is often difficult and, in some instances, impossible to perform. The feasibility of using an ultrasonic device to perform mucosal protectomy was studied in eight dogs. This technique produced coagulative necrosis of the mucosa and muscularis mucosa with marked edema and congestion of the submucosa. The muscularis propria remained intact. Complete destruction of the distal 7 cm of rectal mucosa required a total duration of exposure to the ultrasonic probe of at least 12 minutes. In another five dogs, total colectomy was performed above the area of the mucosal proctectomy followed by endorectal pull-through of the ileum. Follow-up studies revealed healing of the ileonal anastomosis without retraction or stricture. This technique should allow mucosal proctectomy to be performed in those patients in whom standard dissection is not possible due to fibrosis of the submucosal plane.
Animals↗
Stimulation of retinal capillary pericyte protein and collagen synthesis in culture by high-glucose concentration.
The influence of glucose concentration on cell multiplication and protein synthesis was studied in synchronized, long-term cultures of bovine retinal microvessel pericytes. The cell multiplication rate and the mitotic rate were reduced in media containing 20 mM glucose to 57% and 54%, respectively, of that obtained in media containing 5 mM glucose. Elevated glucose, however, did not change the DNA content of individual cells. Protein and collagen synthesis were measured by the incorporation of radioactive proline and lysine, or the posttranslational production of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, respectively. High glucose stimulated protein and collagen synthesis per cell 2.2 +/- 0.10 (SD) and 2.1 +/- 0.06 times, respectively. Aspirin (0.5 mM), an inhibitor of nonenzymatic glycosylation, did not alter the effect of elevated glucose concentration on protein and collagen synthesis.
Animals↗
Nonenzymatic glycosylation of bovine retinal microvessel basement membranes in vitro. Kinetic analysis and inhibition by aspirin.
Incubation of intact bovine retinal microvessels or isolated retinal microvessel basement membranes (RVBM) with radioactive D-glucose or L-glucose, followed by basement membrane collagenous protein purification, resulted in the isolation of nonenzymatically glycosylated RVBM collagens. Type IV collagen was identified in the RVBM by selective salt fractionation, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, and immunoprecipitation with specific antibody. Kinetic analysis of the condensation of glucose with RVBM was carried out by labeling retinal microvessel basement membranes with D-[2-3 H]-glucose and D-[6-14 C]-glucose. The rate constant for aldimine product formation, k1, was 1.95 +/- 0.24 (SD) X 10(-4) mM-1 h-1, and the rate constant for the reversed reaction, k-1, was 5.9 +/- 1.0 X 10(-2) h-1. Based on a rate constant for the Amadori rearrangement, k2, of 8.8 +/- 1.0 X 10(-3) h-1, which was the rate-determining step, the half life of this reaction was 80 +/- 9 h. These data may be useful in estimating the glycosylation of retinal microvessel basement membranes in vivo. The nonenzymatic glycosylation of retinal microvessel basement membrane proteins was progressively inhibited by increasing concentrations (0.1 to 2.0 mM) of aspirin.
Animals↗
The human fetal heart in the second trimester of gestation: a gross morphometric study of normal fetuses.
One hundred fifty-three midtrimester fetuses obtained from normal pregnancies terminated for nonmedical reasons were studied to establish normal standard measurements. Mean, standard deviation, range, and percentiles of body weight, foot length, crown-rump length, biparietal diameter, cardiac weight, thickness of ventricles, and ventricular septum were derived by computer analysis. Statistical analysis showed no sex difference. Equations for predicting body weight, cardiac weight, and septal thickness were derived with the use of fetal age and biparietal diameter as variables. The mean ratio of septal to left ventricular wall thickness was 1.14 +/- 0.34; a ratio of 1.3 or greater was found in 25% and a ratio of 1.5 or greater in 10% of this cohort. The results are at variance with the reported high incidence of septal hypertrophy seen in normal developing fetal hearts. We suggest that septal hypertrophy, ratio of 1.5 or greater, may reflect disturbances in fetal or placental circulation and warrants careful monitoring of the pregnancy.
Anthropometry↗
Phenotypic characterization of hepatic proliferation. Antigenic expression by proliferating epithelial cells in fetal liver, massive hepatic necrosis, and nodular transformation of the liver.
Different forms of hepatocellular proliferation are seen in fetal livers, massive hepatic necrosis, and nodular transformation (nodular regenerative hyperplasia) of the liver. In an attempt to characterize the proliferating cells in these conditions, we studied the expression of several antigens by immunohistochemical methods. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT), a hepatocellular export protein, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a marker of bile duct epithelial cells, and hepatitis B virus antigens (HBsAg, HBcAg), were localized by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method in 11 fetal livers, 10 cases of nodular transformation, and 7 cases of massive hepatic necrosis. AFP was the most prevalent antigen in fetal hepatocytes. Many hyperplastic hepatocytes in nodular transformation contained AAT, but not oncofetal antigens, supporting the differentiated hepatocellular nature of these cells. A similar staining pattern was seen in two-cell-thick plates of hepatocytes in massive hepatic necrosis. In contrast, the ductlike structures at the periphery of necrotic lobules contained both AAT and CEA, suggesting that these cells exhibit features of hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells. Therefore, the appropriate term for these regenerating cells appears to be "ductular" or "biliary hepatocytes".
Adult↗
Histochemical study of Hurler's disease by the use of peroxidase-labelled lectins.
Peroxidase-labelled lectins specific for various carbohydrate residues were used as histochemical reagents in the investigation of Hurler's syndrome. Peanut lectin was used to detect terminal D-galactose, wheatgerm lectin for N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, soybean lectin for N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, Tetragonolobus lotus lectin for alpha-L-fucose and Bandeiraea S. lectin for alpha-D-galactose. It was found that Kupffer cells in the liver and splenic reticulo-endothelial cells contain acid mucopolysaccharides which bind lectins in paraffin sections after appropriate fixation. The pattern of lectin binding suggests that such cells contain significant amounts of D-galactose, L-fucose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. It is likely that the last named carbohydrate is present as a polymer. Neurones contain a different carbohydrate, rich in galactose and fucose but poor in N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. This compound is resident to lipid extraction. Hepatocytes, as a rule, do not react with lectins, most likely because of loss of the more soluble mucopolysaccharides during fixation. The results are consistent with the biochemical data of Hurler's syndrome and indicate that lectins can be a useful tool for the investigation of the cytochemistry of storage disorders.
Child↗
Base substitutions, length differences and DNA strand asymmetries in the human G gamma and A gamma fetal globin gene region.
We have studied differences arising subsequent to the 5 kilobase pair (kb) duplication that led to the human G gamma and A gamma fetal globin genes. The local occurrence of base substitutions in the duplicated 5 kb region correlates positively with the local AT base pair content. This correlation also occurs in two mouse beta-globin genes and in two mouse immunoglobulin genes. The relationship is valid for transcribed or nontranscribed DNA and for DNA that contains only coding sequences. Length differences in the fetal globin duplicated regions correlate positively with the occurrence of short direct repeats of greater than or equal 5 base pairs. Path analysis of the interrelationships of base composition, base substitutions, repeats and length differences provides an integrated view of the relative effects on chromosomal changes of these variables and of selection. The distributions along the chromosome of simple sequences and of base compositions show highly significant local asymmetries between the transcribed and nontranscribed strands of the DNA, which permit us to divide the fetal globin gene region into chromosomal domains. Comparable domains are present in DNA from other sources, including the mammalian viruses SV40 and polyoma virus strain A-2 in which some of the domains appear related to discrete functions.
Animals↗
Spironolactone hepatitis in primary hyperaldosteronism.
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Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury↗
Mapping and characterization of the hisD-unlinked nif mutants in Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Two hisD-unlinked genes NifC5 and NifC7 are mapped in the chromosome of K. pneumoniae. The sequence of NifC5 and NifC7 is suggested as NifC5--gltB--NifC7--argG. The P1 infected E. coli lysate can transduce the mutant C-7 to be Nif+ transductant, yet fails to transduce the hisD-linked nif mutants to be Nif+ ones. This indicates that the gene encoding C-7 is not the structural gene of nitrogen fixation and is present in E. coli. It is actually a gene specifying the glutamate synthetase. SDS electrophoresis shows the marked low content of nitrogen reductase and immunoelectrophoretic test reveals the reduced amount of both nitrogenase and nitrogen reductase in the mutant cells.
Chromosome Mapping↗
Free vascularised bone graft using microvascular technique.
The authors investigated 212 dried human fibulae to find out the length, the circumference and the entry points of nutrient artery to the fibula. Angiography of six freshly amputated limbs was studied to show the relationship of the posterior tibial artery and peroneal artery. Seven clinical cases of free vascularised fibula graft are reported. The length of the fibula graft varies from 10 cm to 20 cm. A postoperative 113M-In EDTMP examination revealed the blood supply to the grafted fibula was adequate. The bony healing and functional restoration of the extremities proved to be satisfactory.
Adolescent↗
An electrophysiological study of the membrane properties of the immature and mature oocyte of the batstar, Patiria miniata.
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Action Potentials↗
Membrane potential, membrane resistance and an energy requirement for the development of potassium conductance in the fertilization reaction of echinoderm eggs.
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Animals↗
Astrocytes induce oligodendrocyte processes to align with and adhere to axons.
In order to study the signals that control the onset of myelination, we cocultured highly purified postnatal retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve oligodendrocytes under serum-free conditions that promote their survival for at least a month and found that no myelination occurred. Although the addition of optic nerve astrocytes induced the oligodendrocyte processes to align with, and adhere to, axons, myelination still did not occur. The effect of astrocytes was mimicked by removal of polysialic acid from both cell types using neuroaminidase. These findings provide evidence for a novel role for astrocytes in controlling the onset of myelination by promoting adhesion of oligodendrocyte processes to axons. They also suggest that other, as yet unidentified, cell-cell interactions are necessary to induce the myelination process itself.
Animals↗
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis in a child with acute lymphatic leukemia in remission.
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, a tumor-like process of unknown etiology, produced progressively destructive disease of the larynx, trachea and bronchi in an eight-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia of five years duration. The leukemia had been in remission for 4 1/2 years at the clinical onset of the lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Whether this occurrence suggests that lymphomatoid granulomatosis is a type of neoplasm, or is associated with immunologic depression, cannot be stated. Fortunately rare, and of poor prognosis, the disorder may become more frequent with improved survival rate of patients with leukemia and other neoplasms.
Child, Preschool↗
Immunoglobulin light chains and the kidney: an overview.
Monoclonal immunoglobulins and free immunoglobulin light chains are produced by plasma cells as a result of their clonal expansion in plasma cell dyscrasia. These proteins are pivotal in the development of pathologic and clinical symptoms of plasma cell dyscrasia and renal manifestations are frequently the presenting and leading features of this process. The spectrum of pathology associated with monoclonal light chains includes light-chain cast nephropathy and tissue deposits derived from the monoclonal light chain, ie, amyloid derived from the light chains and nonamyloidotic light chain deposition disease. The main diagnostic features, differential diagnosis, and pathogenesis are briefly reviewed.
Amyloid↗