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Biomedical subjects

S Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to S Sharma.

At least 1,639 records · Page 91Linked to original sources
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Mitral and pulmonary balloon valvotomy in pregnant patients.

Two pregnant patients, one each with mitral and pulmonary valvar stenosis, underwent successful balloon valvotomy during their third trimester. Single balloon technique was utilised in both and this resulted in a short procedure and fluoroscopy time (9 minutes in patient with mitral stenosis and 3.5 minutes in pulmonary stenosis). The procedure produced satisfactory hemodynamic and symptomatic benefits in both cases with no complications. The patient remained asymptomatic without medications and delivered healthy full term babies at term. Balloon valvotomy is feasible, effective, and safe during pregnancy and should be considered as an alternative to surgery in symptomatic patients refractory to medical therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of cessation of smoking on long term mortality in patients with coronary heart disease.

Cessation of smoking in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) has shown variable results. The long term mortality in patients of coronary heart disease (CHD) who quit smoking following diagnosis of their disease has been variable. We have analysed the long term effects of cessation of smoking on mortality in a cohort of 173 patients with CAD and compared the mortality of this group with 299 nonsmokers and 52 current smokers. The baseline data were identical for major risk factors like age, hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol levels, and congestive heart failure among the three groups (p > 0.1). There were more patients with previous myocardial infarction in past (38.7%) and current smokers (40.4%) than among nonsmokers (25.4%). All patients were followed for a period extending upto 11 years. The mean duration of follow up was 6.81 +/- 2.95 years in non-smokers, 5.98 +/- 2.94 years in exsmokers, and 6.32 +/- 3.44 years in current smokers. Actuarial analysis shows that overall mortality was significantly more among exsmokers than nonsmokers (Logrank test = 3.72, 1p < 0.05). The exsmokers showed similar mortality as current smokers during the first three years of follow up (Logrank test = 1.10, 1p < 0.1); but afterwards the mortality was significantly less in exsmokers than in current smokers (Logrank test = 6.29, 1p < 0.025). However, the overall mortality was lowest in nonsmokers when compared to that of exsmokers and current smokers (Logrank test = 3.92, p < 0.05). The total mortality was 28.1% in nonsmokers, 32.4% in exsmokers, and 46.2% in current smokers. The incidence of sudden death was, however, similar in all the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Butyramide and monobutyrin: growth inhibitory and differentiating agents.

Butyramide and monobutyrin were chosen for study as neutral compounds that might exhibit some of the growth inhibitory and differentiating effects of butyrate. Inhibitory effects on DNA synthesis in hepatoma cells and on cellular proliferation in mouse erythroleukemia cells were observed. Induction of differentiation by butyramide and monobutyrin was seen in mouse erythroleukemia cells as monitored by increased synthesis of hemoglobin and H1 zero histone. Butyramide and monobutyrin were less effective inducers of hemoglobin synthesis than butyrate but their neutral character may offer an advantage in the induction of tumor cell differentiation.

Amides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of coronary heart disease and coronary risk factors in an urban population of Rajasthan.

To determine the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and coronary risk factors in an urban Indian population, we studied a random sample of population of Jaipur. A physician-administered questionnaire, physical examination and a 12-lead electrocardiogram was performed on 2,212 adults of > or = 20 years of age (males 1,415, females 797). CHD was diagnosed on the basis of past documentation, response to WHO-Rose questionnaire or changes in the electrocardiogram. The overall prevalence of CHD was 7.6 percent (168 cases). The prevalence rate was 6.0 percent (84) in males and 10.4 percent (84) in females with an age-related increase in prevalence ('p' for trend < 0.001). When diagnosed on the basis of electrocardiographic changes alone (Q, ST or T wave), the prevalence was 5.2 percent (116), with 3.5 percent in males and 8.4 percent in females. CHD was silent in 57 percent males and 79 percent females. Coronary risk factors were observed in a significant proportion: smoking in 32 percent (males 39 percent, females 19 percent), hypertension (> or = 140/90 mm Hg) in 31 percent (males 30 percent, females 34 percent-JNC-V) and > or = 160/95 mm Hg in 11 percent (males 10 percent, females 12 percent; WHO classification), diabetes in 1 percent and sedentary habits in 71 percent. Additional risk factors were generalised obesity (body-mass index > or = 27 Kg/m2) in 11 percent and truncal obesity (waist-hip ratio > 0.95) in 17 percent males and 13 percent females. Significant association of CHD prevalence were seen with age, sedentary habits and presence of hypertension in both males and females, and in addition with smoking in males.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical profile and management of post infarction left ventricular pseudoaneurysm.

Three patients with left ventricular pseudoaneurysm are presented. Two patients had inferior and one had an anterolateral wall Q wave myocardial infarction. Echocardiography with Doppler colour imaging provided the diagnosis in one case, whereas the correct diagnosis was possible on left ventriculography in all. Successful surgery using patch closure of the defect in all patients and bypass grafting of the diseased coronary vessels was done in 2 cases. Angiographic follow-up in one case revealed excellent result and during 18 to 30 months of clinical follow-up, all patients are asymptomatic.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The development of an anchorage-independence assay using human lung tumor cells to screen potential chemopreventive agents.

Advances in tumor biology research have led to the possibility of early detection of cancers and rational intervention of cancer development using chemopreventive agents. A significant number of potential chemopreventive agents have been identified from epidemiological surveys, independent research efforts, clinical data or based on structural homology with known chemopreventive agents. We have developed a fast, reliable in vitro model for screening potential chemopreventive agents using inhibition of anchorage-independent growth of a human lung tumor cell line, A427.A427 cells were plated in soft agarose containing a known chemopreventive agent, 13-cis-retinoic acid as the test agent and allowed to develop colonies for 28 days. A cytotoxicity test was used concurrently with anchorage independent assay for measuring the relative survival of cells to ensure that any observed inhibition of anchorage independent growth is due to the biological activity of the chemopreventive agent and not due to cellular toxicity. At the end of 28 days of growth, the stained colonies were enumerated, and the inhibition of spontaneous colony formation was measured. 13-cis-Retinoic acid inhibited the growth of A427 colonies in a concentration dependent manner. Data from 25 successive experiments indicate that a concentration of 33 microM consistently inhibited colony formation by 66.2 +/- 16.5 percent, ranging from 27 to 96.1% inhibition. This assay is a useful tool for screening potential chemopreventive agents, as it uses human cells as substrates rendering the efficacy data feasible for direct extrapolation to humans.

Anticarcinogenic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Membrane-based, dry-reagent prothrombin time tests.

The authors describe a prototype membrane-based, dry-reagent prothrombin time assay for whole blood. This system uses an asymmetric polysulfone membrane to separate plasma from red blood cells, and works with samples as small as 10 microliters. The membrane contains calcium and thromboplastin, and permits the reactions of the complete extrinsic pathway to occur with minimal distortion from membrane surface interactions. Thrombin generation is monitored optically using a rhodamine-110-based fluorescent thrombin substrate. Fluorescence kinetics are analyzed to produce a prothrombin-time--equivalent parameter that can be converted to an international normalized ratio (INR) value. The system provides results that correlate well with conventional liquid phase prothrombin time assays (R2 = 0.96).

Anticoagulants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interleukin-7 gene transfer in non-small-cell lung cancer decreases tumor proliferation, modifies cell surface molecule expression, and enhances antitumor reactivity.

Cytokine gene transfer to tumor cells can augment host antitumor responses and modify tumor phenotype. To evaluate the immunoregulatory and antitumor capacities of lung tumor-derived interleukin-7 (IL-7), we transduced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with the IL-7/HyTK internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) retroviral vector and evaluated modifications in tumor phenotype and cocultured effector activities. In vitro proliferation of IL-7-transduced tumor cells was significantly less than control vector-transduced and parental tumor cells. The decreased proliferation rates of IL-7-transduced cells could be reproduced by adding high concentrations of recombinant IL-7 to the parental cells. Anti-IL-7 monoclonal antibody significantly increased the proliferation of the IL-7-transduced cells (P < .05). Parental NSCLC cells were found to express the IL-7 receptor, and IL-7 gene transduction did not alter expression of the IL-7 receptor. IL-7 transduction significantly altered tumor cell expression of intracellular adhesion molecule 1, major histocompatibility complex 1, lymphocyte function-related antigen 3, very late activation antigen beta 1, and p185neu. Peripheral blood lymphocytes cocultured with either IL-7-transduced tumor cells or tumor supernatants had enhanced cytolytic and proliferative capacities compared with coculture with control vector-transduced or parental cells. Our findings indicate that IL-7 gene transfer in NSCLC significantly augments cocultured effector activities in vitro, inhibits tumor cell proliferation, and modifies tumor cell surface phenotype. These findings suggest that IL-7 gene therapy may be effective in modifying host antitumor responses in NSCLC.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗