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Biomedical subjects

S Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to S Sharma.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Adherence of cysts and trophozoites of Acanthamoeba to unworn rigid gas permeable and soft contact lenses.

Contact lens related Acanthamoeba keratitis has been more often associated with the use of soft contact lenses than with the use of rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. We studied the adherence of Acanthamoeba cysts and trophozoites to unworn RGP (silicone acrylate and fluoropolymer) and low and high water content soft contact lenses marketed in India. A human corneal isolate of Acanthamoeba polyphaga suspended in saline (1 x 10(5) amoebae/mL) was used. Lens segments were exposed to A. polyphaga cysts or trophozoites with or without shaking. After exposure for zero to 7 hours, lenses were either washed or not washed and the adherence was determined using light microscopy and a hemocytometer (per square millimeter of the lens). Both cysts and trophozoites immediately adhered to all four types of lenses. Adhesion increased with an increase in exposure time. The number of adherent cysts and trophozoites was higher (P = 0.043-0.0003) in the unwashed group of lenses at all exposure times for all lenses. Among washed groups, adherence was greatest with RGP silicone acrylate and high water content soft lenses. Trophozoites of Acanthamoeba showed greater adherence to RGP lenses, whereas cysts showed greater adherence to high water content soft lenses. Shaking did not have a significant effect on adherence. Adhesion of Acanthamoeba to contact lenses may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba keratitis.

Acanthamoeba↗
PubMed1995

Comparison of two bolus doses of esmolol for attenuation of haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation.

This prospective study was designed to compare the effectiveness of esmolol (either 100 mg or 200 mg) with a placebo in blunting the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Seventy-five patients of ASA I or II scheduled for routine-surgery were selected and entered into a placebo-controlled study. Patients were randomly allocated to receive placebo, 100 mg or 200 mg of esmolol IV as part of an anaesthetic induction technique. There were no significant differences in the demographic distribution of the patients in the study. There was no statistical difference in the baseline heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) between the three groups. One minute after the administration of the drug (prior to intubation) the differences in HR between the placebo group and both the 100 mg and 200 mg groups were significant (p < 0.05), and also at 1 min and 2 min following intubation for the 200 mg group (p < 0.05). In the 200 mg group there was a significant decrease, compared with placebo, in SBP at 1 min (p < 0.05) and at 2 min (p < 0.05) after intubation. In this study, adequate haemodynamic control following was obtained with the administration of 200 mg of esmolol.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1995

Smoking and alcohol intake in a rural Indian population and correlation with hypertension and coronary heart disease prevalence.

3148 persons (1982 males and 1166 females) aged more than 20 years in a cluster of three villages were examined. The overall prevalence of smoking was 51% in males (n = 1006) and 5% in females (n = 54). Among male smokers there were 26% light smokers (< or = 5 bidis/day), 51% moderate smokers (6-20/day) and 17% heavy smokers (> 20 day) and in females there were 54% light smokers, 41% moderate smokers and 5% heavy smokers. Smokers were less educated and had higher prevalence of work-related physical activity and alcohol intake. There was a higher prevalence of hypertension and of ECG Q-waves in male smokers. Regular alcohol intake was seen in 19% males (n = 377) and in 2% females (n = 26). Among males there were 43% light drinkers (< or = 28 gm ethanol/day), 32% moderate drinkers (28-56 gm ethanol/day) and 5% heavy drinkers (> 56 gm ethanol/day). Although this group had a higher prevalence of hypertension there was an insignificant difference in CHD prevalence and a significantly lower prevalence of ECG Q-waves. Subgroup analysis has also been performed taking non-smoker-non-alcohol consuming group as controls. It was found that group which comprised of smokers-non-alcohol consumers had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension and of ECG Q-waves. Alcohol intake-smoker group had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension. The habits of smoking and alcohol consumption are widely prevalent among males in this rural community. Smoking and alcohol-intake, both individually and collectively, are related to higher prevalence of hypertension as well as CHD. While the prevalence of hypertension is more among the alcohol consumers, smokers have a higher prevalence of CHD.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Denys-Drash syndrome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Disorders of Sex Development↗
PubMed1995

Paraproteins and plasma cell dyscrasias.

Serum protein electrophoresis done on 1100 patients with various diseases in one year demonstrated M-band in 31 patients. Most (87%) had the classical features of plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD), however a few had unusual presentations which are highlighted. A 22-year-old male operated for a massive tumour of the scapula clinically diagnosed as chondrosarcoma revealed plasmacytoma with amyloid on histology. Another case of kala-azar presented with features akin to that of PCD and one case had dual malignancies. Such a high incidence of PCDs with varied picture in a short time is not usually seen in other parts of this country; a fact which may be due to lack of awareness.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Postsurgical endophthalmitis: diagnosis and management.

Infectious endophthalmitis following intraocular surgery is a complication that could cause severe visual loss or loss of the eye. The categorisation of the event that led to intraocular infection will help the clinician to predict the infectious agent and begin appropriate therapy. Most of the cases of postsurgical endophthalmitis are seen following cataract surgery. It is important for all ophthalmologists, irrespective of specialisation and areas of interest, to be familiar with the management of endophthalmitis. This review briefly describes the facets of clinical and laboratory diagnosis, pathology, and management. While the different viewpoints in the management of endophthalmitis are mentioned in appropriate places, more attention is paid to present a rational approach to the management of endophthalmitis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

A controlled study of the effect of balanced general anaesthesia on cognitive functions in hypertensives on propranolol.

The aim of this study was to observe the effect of general anaesthesia (GA) on multiple dimensions of cognitive functioning in hypertensives on propranolol therapy (group A) in comparison to a control group (group B). Ten subjects in each group were administered a battery of six psychological cognitive tests pre- and post-intervention under GA. Both groups showed a significant decrement in memory scores on the 4th postoperative day which showed signs of recovery on seventh day (P < 0.05 for both groups). The group A patients were further compromised in one of the intelligence test scores (Standard progressive matrices) from the beginning (P < 0.05). Although this intergroup deficit persisted even on the 7th postoperative day (P < 0.05), no added effects of GA on this parameter was observed in group A (P > 0.05). In conclusion, GA induced transient memory deficit in both groups. This should be kept in mind while considering 'street fitness' following general anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Wilms' tumour : a clinicopathologic study with special reference to its morphologic variants.

Twenty five cases of Wilms' tumour were studied with special reference to their morphological variations. Wilms' tumour constituted 7.6% of all the malignant tumours of childhood and 50% of renal malignancies. Male/female ratio was 4:1; the mean age being 3.5 years. Left side was commonly involved (60.9%) center dot bilateral involvement in one case (4.3%). Morphologic study revealed triphasic pattern in 60% cases, biphasic (epithelial + stromal) in 12% and monophasic pattern in 28%. Other features observed were myxomatous degeneration, rhabdomyoblasts, calcification and squamous epithelial pearls seen in 20%, 12%, 8% and 4% respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of cervical smears.

The present study was carried out to reveal the magnitude of individual variation in the diagnosis of Pap smears between two cytoscreeners and their compatability with cytopathologists and subsequent final diagnostic comparison with biopsy in 1,17411 cervical smears collected from different hospitals of Delhi during ten-year period. Smears diagnosed as dysplasia at initial level by any one of the cytoscreeners were screened by cytopathologists for confirmation of diagnosis. An overall agreement of 94.9 percent was observed between two screens. 79.5 percent was agreement between screeners and cytopathologists. An agreement between cytology and histology in the diagnosis of dysplasia and malignancy were found to be 61.9 percent and dysplasia and malignancy were found to be 61.9 percent and 40.1 percent respectively. From the above study, it was observed that consistency among the two screeners was fairly acceptable. Keeping this observation in view, we can possibly practice two tier screening in place of three.

Female↗