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Biomedical subjects

S Shanmugam

Publications and source records attributed to S Shanmugam.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of oral lesions in relation to habits: Cross-sectional study in South India.

BACKGROUND: Smoking, drinking and chewing tobacco product, common habits in India have been positively associated with oral lesions. No study has been conducted in this part of Tamilnadu regarding the prevalence of oral lesions in relation to habits. METHODS: A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out at Ragas Dental College, Chennai. Already existing data of two thousand and seventeen consecutive patients from sub-urban areas of Chennai, who attended the outpatient department, at Ragas Dental College, for dental complaints during a period of three months in 2004, who underwent oral examination and interviewer based questionnaire was used. RESULTS: Oral soft tissue lesions were found in 4.1% of the study subjects. The prevalence of leukoplakia, OSF and oral lichen planus was 0.59%, 0.55%, and 0.15% respectively. The prevalence of smoking, drinking alcoholic beverages and chewing was 15.02%, 8.78% and 6.99% respectively. Smoking and chewing were significant predictors of leukoplakia in this population. DISCUSSION: The prevalence of leukoplakia, OSF and oral lichen planus in our study population is similar to those found in other populations. The prevalence of consumption of alcoholic beverages in our study population was higher when compared to the Indian National Sample Survey study. However the prevalence of smoking and chewing was found to be lower. Smokers were more likely to develop smoker's melanosis compared to other lesions. Among those who consumed alcoholic beverages alone, the prevalence of leukoplakia was higher compared to other lesions. OSF was the most prevalent lesion among those who chewed panmasala or gutkha or betel quid with or without tobacco.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of salivary nitric oxide levels in oral mucosal diseases: A controlled clinical trial.

Lichen planus is a common dermatologic disease to manifest in the oral cavity. Recurrent aphthous ulcers are the most common ulcers of the oral cavity causing discomfort to the patients. These two diseases have different clinical manifestations which require appropriate treatment after correct diagnosis. Though numerous etiological factors have been proposed for these diseases, their true etio-pathogenesis is not yet established and therefore all therapies are palliative and none is effective universally. In light of this, the role of nitric oxide as a mediator in the etio-pathogenesis of these diseases was considered. The present study was undertaken to note the salivary nitric oxide levels as measured through its product nitrite in oral mucosal diseases like lichen planus and recurrent aphthous ulcers and also to ascertain whether salivary nitric oxide level has a role to play as a pathophysiological mediator in these diseases

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Facial hemiatrophy--a report of 5 cases.

Progassive hemifacial atrophy is an uncommon and poorly understood degenerative condition characterized by atrophic changes involving the entire one side of the face, head and associated structures and typically appearing during the growth spurts to young adulthood. The condition involves both soft tissues and bone of the affected side. Intraorally the tongue, lips and salivary glands may be involved. Developing teeth may also show incomplete root development deleyed eruption. The couse of the condition is obscure or unknown although speculation has considered trophic malfunction of the cervical sympathetic nervous system, a history of prior trauma has been documented in some cases, although other reports have considered a viral or borrelial infection. It is usualy sporadic but a few familial cases have been reported suggetsting a possible hereditary influence and many investigators believe it to be a localized from of scleroderma. Five cases of Hemifacial Atrophy (Parry Romberg Syndrom) has been reported and discused.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HIV-1 drug resistance among untreated patients in India: Current status.

HAART has dramatically improved survival and quality of life among people living with HIV and AIDS globally. However, drug resistant mutations of HIV are a great challenge to the benefits of HAART. Antiviral resistance can be mediated either by changes in the molecular target of therapy (the primary mechanism observed in HIV-1) or in other viral proteins that indirectly interfere with a drug's activity. Drug resistant mutations easily evolve in the presence of sub-optimal adherence. With the introduction of generic HAART, there has been a steep increase in the number of patients put on HAART in India. It should also be noted that since most patients pay for medications out of their own pockets, interruptions in therapy due to monetary constraints are not uncommon. There is little information on HIV drug resistance in resource constrained settings like India where the predominant circulating HIV-1 sub-type is C. The transmissibility of drug-resistant forms of the virus is also a major concern especially when formulating treatment guidelines. This article reviews published data available on the patterns of HIV-1 drug resistance among treatment naïve in India.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗