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Chronobiological aspects of bronchial tone.

The aim of the investigation was to demonstrate the existence of cyclic variations of bronchial tone, correlated with the increase of vagal tone during nocturnal hours and with the increase of adrenergic tone in the late morning and afternoon. Twenty-five healthy subjects were tested, utilizing forced expiration curve (V/V loop), Raw and SGaw. We did not detect a statistically significant rhythm for FVC, FEV1, PEF, because they are effort-dependent parameters. On the contrary, we demonstrated significant fluctuations for V max50, FEF25.75 (acrophase in the later morning and early afternoon), for Raw (acrophase in late evening) and for SGaw (Acrophase in antiphase with Raw); these parameters are effort-independent as well as direct and sensitive indexes of the tone of peripheral and central airways.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[What is the real prevalence of hypertension in obesity?].

Many confounding variables (age, sex, race, income level) may contribute to an incorrect estimate of the prevalence of hypertension in the obese population. Furthermore, as far as methodology is concerned, both casual morning BP measurement and, the use, in the obese patient, of inappropriate cuffs both also contribute significantly to the overestimation with the inclusion of false positives even in relevant percentages. Different types of obesity (android or gynoid; visceral or subcutaneous) should be considered when enrolling obese patients in prevalence studies being android or visceral obesity at a higher hypertensive risk. At last and overall, universally recognized cutoff-points for obesity and hypertension should always be used when studying prevalence of hypertension among general population and/or among obese patients. When such conditions are not taken into account, inaccurate and misleading conclusions on the real prevalence of hypertension in obesity may result.

Adolescent↗