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Biomedical subjects

S Sensi

Publications and source records attributed to S Sensi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Day/night variations of airway reactivity after drug premedication.

Seventeen asthmatic, non-atopic patients (aged 15-48 years) were studied at different hours of the day. On 3 different days, they were submitted to a fog-test at 03:00 p.m. and at 03:00 a.m. On 2 different days, they were given fenoterol (200 micrograms) or Duovent (fenoterol 200 micrograms plus ipratropium bromide 80 micrograms). We were able to demonstrate significant inter-hour differences of the basal values of all parameters, except FVC, in all patients at 03:00 p.m. and at 03:00 a.m. We did not observe any inter-hour difference after the fog-test. Both fenoterol and Duovent improved challenge-induced bronchoconstriction. After the fog-test, both drugs showed an inter-hour variability of ventilatory parameters, which was not significant without drugs because it was masked by the magnitude of the obstructive response to challenge.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Comparison between monocomponent human insulin U-40 and U-100 in CSII treatment of type 1 diabetics.

A multicentric study has been carried out to compare the efficacy and the safety of monocomponent human insulins of different concentration (Novo Actrapid HM U-40 and U-100) in CSII-treated Type 1 diabetics. 15 males, all of whom had been diabetic for at least 2 yr, had been treated by CSII and were skillful in the self-monitoring of diabetes were selected for observation at 3 different clinical centres (Bologna, Chieti and Torino). After a 1-week period of insulin dose optimization, the patients were asked not to modify either basal or pre-prandial insulin infusion during the following 2 weeks in which they were treated alternately by U-40 or by U-100 insulin (7 days for each treatment in random sequence). Each day or at least every other day, patients recorded at home a 9-point blood glucose profile by means of glucose-sensitive strips and photometric reading (Reflocheck System-BOEHRINGER MANNHEIM, FRG). The patients used the microinfuser Miles Microjet Bolus 2 for the U-40 infusion and the same model with appropriate modifications for the U-100 infusion. On the last day of each study period, blood samples were drawn after the pre-breakfast insulin bolus. Paired Student's t-test analyses between blood glucose values obtained with different regimens did not show a significant difference in metabolic control. Similarly no difference could be observed in insulin absorption after an identical bolus of U-40 or U-100 insulin. In conclusion human U-100 insulin seems to be as effective and safe as U-40 and is recommended in order to reduce the size of microinfusers.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Insulin secretion after a protein and lipid meal in healthy subjects].

Previous studies suggested that insulin requirement in type I diabetics could be split in a "basal" insulin requirement, mainly related to body weight and in a "post-prandial" insulin requirement, mainly related to carbohydrates intake. In the present study we wanted to investigate the occurrence and the magnitude of insulin response to protein only or fat only meals in normal subjects, trying to obtain some evidences for an insulin requirement possibly related to these substrates in diabetic subjects. Fat only meals did not evoke any insulin response while a small but significant increase in plasma insulin was observed after a protein only meal (from 16.6 +/- 2.85 to 25.83 +/- 2.52 microU at 90', p less than 0.05). Blood glucose remained unchanged after fat or protein meals. It is concluded that a small sovrabasal insulin dose would be probably required by diabetic patients after a protein meal: this is however so small that a carbohydrates related insulin dose given before a normal mixed meal would be able to normalize aminoacids as well as glucose metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Circadian and circannual study of the hypophyseal-gonadal axis in healthy young males].

Circadian and circannual variations of Testosterone, FSH and LH secretions, other than Oral Body Temperature (OBT) have been studied in four healthy males. OBT showed a constant circadian rhythm with an acrophase located in the afternoon. Plasma Testosterone exhibited both a circadian (acrophase = hr 09,28) and a circannual rhythm (acrophase = 22 february); plasma FSH also showed a circannual rhythm (acrophase = 13 february). By mean chronogram +/- SEM we documented the highest LH levels in December and the lowest in February. These observations would suggest the hypothesis that the winter could be the period in which the hypophysis-gonadal axis in young males exhibits its maximal activity as previously documented for other hormones.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Changes in body composition in obese patients on a low-calorie diet].

Energy balance was studied on 4 obese hospitalized subjects kept on hypocaloric diet (489 Kcal - 54% CHO, 10,6% Fat, 35,4% Protein) for 18 +/- 3,7 days. Energy expenditure was measured trough heart-rate monitoring (individual calibrations before and after the study were performed) and nitrogen balance was computed to establish protein loss. Individual qualitative composition of body weight loss was then assessed: 71,4 +/- 5,23% could be attributable to fat loss, 9,38 +/- 3,32% to protein loss, 18,2 +/- 5,5% to water loss. Part of this last figure could be attributable to a slight under-estimation of the method utilized to measure the energy expenditure (heart-rate monitoring).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Long-term treatment with fenfluramine in obese subjects.

The effect of fenfluramine, an anorectical drug, given for nine months to a group of 156 obese subjects, on body-weight and adipose mass reduction as well as on glucose tolerance, has been studied. Subjects were divided in four different groups according to various protocols of therapy: the first group took the drug once a day in a single 60 mg dose in the morning; the second group received the drug once a day in a single 40 mg dose in the morning; the third group took the drug divided in three equal daily doses and the last group was treated with diet alone. During the first three months of treatment, fenfluramine 60 mg, given both in a single dose in the morning and divided in three equal daily doses, combined with diet, produces a significant body-weight reduction in comparison with the group of obese subjects treated with diet alone. In the following three months, it was possible to document a further body weight loss in all subjects, whatever the group to which they were assigned. At the end of the sixth month of observation, only slight differences could be demonstrated among the groups as regards the body-weight and adipose mass decrease. In addition the results failed to demonstrate a statistically different weight loss when the drug as administered in a single dose in the morning, compared with the conventional treatment of three times a day. No significant improvement of glucose tolerance was documented. In conclusion, in long-term treatment with fenfluramine, in contrast with short-term studies, no direct effect of this drug on body-weight and adipose mass decrease was demonstrated.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

[Effects of rigid dietary restrictions on the control of blood sugar in obese type II diabetic patients].

The improvement of glycemic control obtained with weight loss in NIDDM obese diabetics is still lacking of a prediction formula to establish which would be the weight loss to possibly obtain a fasting normoglycemia. Nine NIDDM obese diabetics of both sexes (age 51 +/- 2,64 yrs; initial body weight 91,63 +/- 6,02 Kg., IBW 156,98 +/- 13,38%, fasting plasma IRI 27,58 +/- 6 microU/ml) were hospitalized and discontinued any therapy 10 days before the study. A diet of 600 cal/day was given for a mean period of 20 days. Daily preprandial blood glucose (at 08,00,12,00,19,00 h.) and body weight (on a precision scale) were recorded. Initial fasting blood glucose was 208,89 +/- 16 mg/dl. A mean weight reduction of 3.87 +/- 0.75 Kg was obtained (corresponding to an IBW of only 6,91 +/- 1,35%, being the final IBW of 150,08 +/- 13,59%) which led to a mean blood glucose concentration of 124,89 +/- 7,81 mg/dl. A significant individual linear correlation between weight reductions and mean blood glucose values was found for all subjects with wide differences in the individual slopes of regression lines. In conclusion small weight losses obtained with hypocaloric diets can lead to a nearly normalization of fasting blood glucose, also when the subjects are still well over their ideal body weight.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Circadian and circumannual variations in the level of plasma TSH and prolactin in healthy adult males].

4 healthy young volunteers were submitted to the study of circadian and circannual oscillations of plasma TSH and Prolactin. Our data demonstrated the existence of a circadian rhythm for TSH with acrophase at 04,39 and a circannual rhythm of the same hormone with acrophase in January. While for Prolactin it was possible to detect a circadian rhythm with acrophase at 04,29. We failed to demonstrate any circannual variation of plasma hormonal levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Modifications in the oscillation of substrates in obese subjects subjected to variations in the pattern of meal-timing].

In a group of obese subjects kept on hypocaloric diet during a period of 18 days, an eventual different behaviour of carbohydrates and lipids oxidation following to meal-timing manipulation (a single meal given only at 10.00 hr or at 18.00 hr of each day) has been studied by indirect calorimetry. No significant difference of body weight reduction was noticed in both dietetic regimens. In the group of obese subjects who consumed the single meal at 10.00, a slight increase of carbohydrates oxidation was noticed, without a statistical significance, whereas in the group with single meal at 18.00 h a significant increase of lipids oxidation resulted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Administration of semisynthetic human insulin by a spray injector].

The use of Jet injection in insulin administration pointed out the question whether this route could affect insulin absorption and plasma insulin profiles. To compare plasma insulin profiles following an administration of an identical insulin dose by jet injection or by conventional subcutaneous route (syringe with needle) 8 healthy subjects (age 24-28 yrs., non obese) were given at 09.00 h of two different days 200 mU/kg/BW of human semisynthetic regular insulin (Novo Actarapid) alternatively subcutaneously by a syringe with needle or transcutaneously by jet injection (DG 77 - Sicim - Gorizia). Before insulin administration and then 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after, blood samples were drawn for plasma insulin and C-peptide determination. Higher plasma insulin levels after administration by jet were found at 15' and 30' minutes (62,58 +/- 6,31 v.s. 36,94 +/- 3,31 microunits/ml at 15' and 76,51 +/- 9,60 v.s. 51,65 +/- 9,95 at 30', p less than 0,01 and p less than 0,005, paired Student t test). No difference could be observed for the other times. C-peptide was found to fall to undetectable values, confirming the nearly total suppression of endogenous insulin production. It is concluded that total regular insulin absorption does not differ after transcutaneous jet injection or administration by syringe with needle, but in the first case it is faster. This last finding should be considered in planning insulin treatment schedules.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Blood sugar control in diabetic patients bearing microinfusors: the importance of the dawn phenomenon].

Significant early morning hyperglycemia (the so-called "dawn phenomenon") has been observed in insulin-dependent diabetics who were otherwise well controlled. This phenomenon, if present, could lead to errors in adapting the basal insulin infusion in CSII treated diabetic patients, because a normal glucose level in the morning could be associated with asymptomatic hypoglycemic values in the night. In order to observe the occurrence and to quantify the magnitude of this phenomenon 14 well controlled CSII-treated type I diabetics were hospitalized for 1 night and samples for the determination of blood glucose (14 patients) and serum cortisol, free insulin and NEFA (8 patients) were drawn at 24.00, 02.00, 04.00, 06.00, 08.00 h. Blood glucose values were slightly but significantly higher at 06.00 than at 02.00 (106 +/- 7.92 v.s. 88.57 +/- 7.02 mg/dl, p less than 0.025, paired Student t test) while serum free insulin values decreased from midnight to 02.00 and then they remained stable. It is concluded that the small increase of blood glucose values in the morning is not a major clinical problem in CSII treated diabetic patients.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1984

[Circadian rhythm oscillations in body temperature, serum cortisol, prolactin and TSH in obese patients subjected to a change in meal-timing].

In obese subjects, treated by hypocaloric diet, meal-timing was modified: a single meal in the morning or a single meal in the afternoon, given during 18 days in order to emphasize eventual modifications of circadian rhythms of serum cortisol, prolactin, TSH and body temperature. The study was performed using macroscopic approach by circadian chronograms of the mean values. The meal-timing modifications do not change the rhythm of serum cortisol and TSH; while as far as the rhythms of serum prolactin and body temperature, are concerned, in subjects given the meal only in the morning, these rhythms were suppressed.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1984

Circannual rhythm of insulin release and hypoglycemic effect of tolbutamide stimulus in healthy man.

Four healthy non obese young volunteers were observed for a 24-hr period, every other month, over the course of one year. Tolbutamide was injected i.v. each day of the experiment every four hours. Tolbutamide-induced insulin secretion (T.I.I.S.) was evaluated by planimetrically measuring insulin areas above basal levels. Tolbutamide-induced hypoglycemic effect was evaluated by measuring the blood glucose difference between the 5th and 25th minute after the drug injection (delta G5'-25'). The macroscopic evaluation of T.I.I.S. and delta G5'-25' (mean chronograms) permitted the detection of the existence of a circannual variation of both variables. In particular the maximum level of the blood glucose drop (delta G5'-25') was registered in February. Subsequently the quantification of the rhythm of T.I.I.S. was obtained by fitting a sine curve, according to the Cosinor method. The highest insulin release was confirmed in winter. As previously documented, the existence of a statistically significant circadian rhythm of T.I.I.S. was confirmed in the morning, i.e. the same period of the day in which insulin-induced hypoglycemia occurs.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Time-related behaviour of endocrine secretion: circannual variations of FT3, cortisol, HGH and serum basal insulin in healthy subjects.

Four healthy young male volunteers were submitted to the study of circadian and circannual bioperiodicities of several hormones: FT3, FT4, cortisol, HGH, prolactin, PTh and plasma insulin levels. They were observed for a whole year and their blood samples were collected six times a day, every other month. The results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA macroscopic analysis and Student t-test. Our data registered a circannual variation in the mean circadian plasma levels of the following hormones: cortisol (peak in December), HGH (peak in April), FT3 (peak in April), insulin (peak in February). FT4, prolactin and PTH showed no cyclic variation during the period of observation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Time structure of endocrine secretion. II. Circannual variations in the free fractions of tri- and tetraiodothyronine, cortisol, human growth hormone and plasma insulin in healthy subjects].

Circadian and circannual variations of several endocrine activities and their biological implications in health and diseases were described in men. Aim of our work was to perform a further observation on circannual bioperiodicities of some hormone: free fractions of T3 and T4, cortisol, HGH, PTH and serum insulin. Four healthy young males volunteered to be submitted to the study from June and their blood-samples collected six times a day, every other month, in the course of one year. Our data were analysed by macroscopic (mean chronogram) and microscopic (Cosinor test) methods. First we could document a circadian phase-shift of the highest peak of secretion, occurring in the course of the year, for FT3, FT4, Cortisol, HGH and serum basal insulin. Then we could detect a circannual oscillation of the highest diurnal secretion for FT3 (October), cortisol (December) HGH (April) and serum basal insulin (February). FT4 showed the lowest secretion in October. Almost the same cyclic variations were demonstrated when Mesors and Amplitudes of the same values were examined except for slight shiftings. PTH showed no cyclic variation during the period of observation.

Adult↗