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Biomedical subjects

S Seidl

Publications and source records attributed to S Seidl.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

The calculation of blood ethanol concentrations in males and females.

In German-speaking countries, blood ethanol concentrations (BECs) are usually calculated using Widmark's equation. The distribution factor r of this equation is a correction factor needed to obtain a reduced body mass and corresponds to the ratio of total body water and blood water content. To enhance the reliability of Widmark's model equation, the body weight, body height, blood water content and total body water of 256 women and 273 men were measured. The ratio of body water to blood water ranged from 0.44 to 0.80 in women and from 0.60 to 0.87 in men. For both sexes equations were developed by multiple regression analysis which allow the determination of the individual, more realistic distribution factors rFI (for females) and rMI (for males) even when only body height and body weight are known. Drinking experiments revealed a clearly higher congruence of calculated and measured blood ethanol concentrations when rFI or rMI were used instead of rigid distribution factors, i.e. 0.6 for women and 0.7 for men with or without the assumption of a 10% so-called resorption deficit. Additionally, Widmark's equation in combination with rFI or rMI allows a more accurate prediction of blood ethanol concentrations than the equations of Watson and Ulrich.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A new pentaplex PCR system for forensic casework analysis.

In 1998 the Federal Criminal Police Office of Germany (BKA) established a central genetic database of offenders and suspects to facilitate comparisons with biological samples from future criminal offences. The five obligatory short tandem repeat (STR) loci in this database (TH01, SE33, vWA, FGA and D21S11) were co-amplified in a new PCR pentaplex analysing system together with the sex-specific locus amelogenin. Due to overlapping fragment sizes, amplification products were fluorescent dye-labelled with different colours, separated by electrophoresis and detected directly using the ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer. Reproducible and reliable results were obtained from as low as 125 pg template DNA, indicating high specificity and sensitivity of the assay. Environmental studies and enzymatic digest with DNase I revealed an excellent stability of the pentaplex system with typeable results even in cases of partially degraded DNA. Complete and reproducible DNA typing was possible in blood-stain mixtures with the minor component as low as 10%. Mean stutter peak intensities were analysed for all loci and ranged from 2.7 +/- 0.8% (TH01) to 10.6 +/- 1.6% (vWA) of the main signal intensity. Allele frequencies were determined in a North Bavarian population sample (n = 121). The combination of five systems resulted in a mean exclusion chance of 99.86% and a power of discrimination of 99.999996%. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium could be found.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

Vascular permeability and hyperpermeability in a murine adenocarcinoma after fractionated radiotherapy: an ultrastructural tracer study.

Large radiation doses cause postradiation vascular hyperpermeability by disrupting endothelia. The cumulative sequences of small doses (fractionated radiotherapy) standard in clinical practice cause it too, but not by endothelial disruption: the mechanisms are unknown. In this study, correlated fluorescent and ultrastructural localisation of a tracer revealed the architecture, fine structure and function of microvessels in mouse AT17 tumours, before and after 42 Gy fractionated radiation. Before irradiation, tumour vascular permeability lay in the normophysiological range defined by the gut and cerebral cortex. A double barrier regulated permeability: vesicular transport through the endothelial wall required approximately 2 h and then the basement membrane charge barrier trapped tracer for 2 h longer. Irradiation abolished the double barrier: tracer passed instantly through both endothelial wall and underlying basement membrane, forming diffusion haloes around microvessels within 2-5 min. Structurally, irradiated tumour microvessels were lined by a continuous and vital endothelium with closed interendothelial junctions; endothelial basement membranes were intact, though loosened. Irradiated endothelia exhibited extremely active membrane motility and intracellular vesicle trafficking. Radiation treatment raised vascular permeability by enhancing transendothelial transcytosis, and by altering the passive filter properties of the subendothelial basement membrane. This type of vascular hyperpermeability should be susceptible to pharmacological modulation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Ethyl glucuronide: a marker of recent alcohol consumption with clinical and forensic implications.

A marker with a specific time spectrum of detection and both high sensitivity and specificity is required to diminish the clinically as well as forensically important gap on the time axis between short- and long-term markers of alcohol consumption like ethanol and CDT, GGT or MCV, respectively. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a non-volatile, water-soluble, stable upon storage, direct metabolite of ethanol with a molecular weight of 222 g/mol that can be detected in body fluids for an extended time period after the complete elimination of alcohol from the body. We investigated 107 urine and 78 serum samples of a total of 107 inpatients in 4 groups: (1) 33 inpatients in acute alcohol withdrawal and long term treatment; (2/3) 29 and 15 addicted forensic psychiatric inpatients (#64 StGB, penal code); (4) 30 recently detoxified inpatients of a station for long term treatment by LC/MS-MS with the internal standard d5-EtG and additionally in the fourth group of patients also by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In 2 out of 33 inpatients of the first group, EtG could be determined 3 days after hospitalization; in an other subject, a relapse could be detected. In 2 out of 29 and in 1 out of 15 forensic inpatients of group 2 and 3, respectively--where neither clinical impression nor routine laboratory findings gave an indication for relapse--concentrations of EtG ranged between 0.1 and 18 mg/l in urine. For the serum samples of the 30 inpatients of group 4, we could demonstrate a total agreement for the results of the GC/MS and the LC/MS-MS method as to whether a sample was found to be positive or negative for EtG. We suggest that these results strengthen our earlier findings that ethyl glucuronide is a marker of alcohol consumption in general that can be detected for an extended time period after the complete elimination of alcohol from the body and a marker for relapse control with a specific time frame of detection intermediate between short- and long-term markers.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Direct ethanol metabolite ethyl glucuronide. Its value as alcohol intake and recurrence marker, methods of detection and prospects].

In clinical as well as in forensic practice biological state markers of high sensitivity and specificity capable of monitoring alcohol consumption of those in treatment for alcohol dependence or poly-drug abusers are required. The known markers cannot be considered satisfactory in respect of these parameters. Furthermore, they do not cover the entire time axis for alcohol consumption. These traditional markers are often influenced besides by alcohol, by age, gender and various of substances and non-alcohol-associated diseases. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a non volatile, water soluble, stable upon storage, direct metabolite of ethanol with a molecular weight of 222 g/mol that was determined by our group in more than 1200 samples of body fluids, tissues and hair from over 200 patients, almost 200 drivers and postmortem with different GC/MS and ESI-LC/MS-MS methods using deuterium-labelled EtG as internal standard. With its specific time frame of detection intermediate between short-term and long-term markers and a particularly high sensitivity and specificity, ethyl glucuronide is a promising marker of alcohol consumption in general that can be detected for an extended time period after the complete elimination of alcohol from the body (up tp 80 h) and a marker for relapse control enabling the therapist to intervene at an early stage of relapsing behaviour. The complementary use of EtG together with other upcoming markers of alcohol consumption like phosphatidyl ethanol should lead to an improvement in treatment outcome, quality of life and cost reduction.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1998

Higher detection rate of hepatitis G and C virus RNA in liver tissue than in serum of deceased injection drug users.

To examine the prevalence of hepatitis G virus (HGV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in deceased injection drug users and for comparison of the detection rates of HGV and HCV RNA in liver tissue with detection rates in postmortem serum samples, RT-PCR was performed in 50 drug abuse-related fatalities. HGV RNA was detectable in liver tissue samples from 17/50 suddenly deceased drug abusers (34%). In 16 of these 17 positive cases, serum samples were also available but HGV RNA was detected in only 10. From 29/50 anti-HCV positive individuals, HCV RNA was detected in 23/50 liver tissue samples (46%), but HCV RNA was detectable in only 6/22 of the corresponding serum samples. In 12 anti-HCV positive cases (10 being also positive for HCV RNA in the liver), the examinations revealed a coinfection with HGV by detection of HGV RNA in the liver tissue samples. A significant association between the detection of HCV RNA in the liver and the occurrence of antibodies against the HCV NS4 protein, but not against HCV core antigen or NS3 protein was observed. The probability of anti-HCV and HCV RNA positivity increased with the age of the individuals. No HGV or HCV infection was detected in a control group of 50 persons who died suddenly by violent impact. The prevalence of active HCV and HGV infections in injection drug users detected by RT-PCR in liver tissue is in good accordance with data obtained from sera from living injection drug users. In contrast, the detection rate in postmortem serum samples was clearly lower. Possible reasons for this observation are discussed and the use of liver tissue for postmortem detection of hepatitis virus RNA is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Self-assessment of blood alcohol content in acute alcoholic intoxication].

During a drinking experiment 20 young male volunteers were asked to estimate the amount of their BAC and commented on their driving ability and their readiness to participate in road traffic. During the resorption phase the majority of the volunteers estimated their BAC too low, whereas in the early elimination phase most of their estimates were to high. The majority of the volunteers felt able to drive throughout the whole experiment which demonstrates an impairment of essential control functions as early as low to medium alcohol intoxication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Regulation of equilibrium in acute alcoholic intoxication with the craniocorpography method].

Twenty young male volunteers carried out a drinking experiment during which they underwent the Romberg standing test and the Unterberger treading test. These tests were carried out three times each in a sober state, 25 minutes and 2 hours after alcohol consumption. The balance tests were recorded, evaluated and documented by means of a Cranio-Corpo-Graphy. The Romberg standing test proved to be the more sensitive indicator of impaired balance, even when only slightly under the influence of alcohol. Both the degree of anterior-posterior and of lateral swaying increased according to the BAC and decreased after the end of absorption. Only lateral swaying was similarly recorded with the Unterberger test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR5 confer risk for autoantibody positivity against the thyroperoxidase (mic-TPO) antigen in healthy blood donors.

The prevalence of circulating autoantibodies against thyroperoxidase (mic-TPO) was determined in 3,000 healthy blood donors (age range: 23 to 60 years) from the Hamburg area. Of the blood donors, 153 (5.1%) were found to have high titer of mic-TPO (> 350 IU/ml). Only two autoantibody positive subjects (0.06%) were chemically hyper- and hypothyroid, respectively. Analysis of HLA-DR specificities revealed that HLA-DR specificities DR3 and DR5 were significantly increased when compared to controls (n = 1,863). Comparison of the autoantibody-positive probands with a group of disease controls, i.e., Graves' patients and patients with lymphocytic thyroiditis, revealed a higher prevalence of HLA-DR3-positive HLA haplotypes in the disease controls when compared to autoantibody positives. Individuals with a mic-TPO level greater than 2,000 IU/ml were almost exclusively found to have one HLA-DR3 or HLA-DR5 positive HLA haplotype. We conclude that a high prevalence of high-titer mic-TPO can be found in healthy blood donors. Circulating signs of thyroid autoimmunity were associated with HLA specificities also found to be associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Primary gastric lymphoma is rarely associated with Epstein-Barr virus.

Recently, the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with undifferentiated lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the stomach has been described. In this study of 55 primary gastric lymphomas, most of them belonging to the group of MALT lymphomas, the question of possible EBV involvement has been addressed using in-situ hybridization (ISH) and blot techniques. EBV DNA and/or DNA sequences were found in only two of 24 centroblastic and B-immunoblastic lymphomas and in one anaplastic large cell lymphoma of null cell phenotype. In a further centroblastic lymphoma, a few positive nontumorous (bystander) cells were identified by ISH. By means of ISH, no positive signals could be detected in the preserved overlying mucosa nor in regenerating epithelium adjacent to lymphoma-induced ulcerations.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1993

Recent evaluation of prognostic risk factors in esophageal atresia--a multicenter review of 223 cases.

In this study, 223 cases of esophageal atresia (Type IIIb: 85.7%; Type II: 5.8%; Type IIIc: 4.0%; Type IIIa: 2.2%; Type IV: 2.2%) from 6 pediatric surgery centers of Austria, were retrospectively examined for the following parameters and their influence on the prognosis: Birth weight (2494.7 +/- 702.0 g), gestation week (range 27-42 weeks; mean 37.3 +/- 3.1 weeks), sex (male: n = 128; female: n = 95), long-gap atresia (> or = 2 cm: n = 33), Tracheomalacia (n = 16), associated malformations (n = 122; cardiac 27.4%, renal 17.9%, skeletal 17.0%, anal: 10.3%, intestinal 9.9%, mediastinal 7.6%, chromosomal 2.2%), preoperative aspiration (n = 92), pneumonia (n = 96), anastomotic insufficiency (n = 45), empyema (n = 5), mediastinitis (n = 8), sepsis (n = 32), other medical complications (n = 122, in 80 infants), other surgical complications (n = 57). The mortality rate was 41.3% overall, from 1975 to 1991; however, it was 25% from 1987 to 1991 and 0% in 1991. A statistically significant correlation was found between prognosis and the following factors: Cardiac malformations (p = 0.0001), medical complications except aspiration and pneumonia (p = 0.0001), empyema (p = 0.0081), mediastinitis (p = 0.0214), and sepsis (p = 0.0295). These 5 significant factors were given different points and a prognostic score was calculated by the addition of these points. This score was predictive for survival in 90.6% of cases and for mortality in 94% of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Austria↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in different T-cell lymphoma entities in a European population.

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been classically associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt's lymphoma, a monoclonal B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Since the EBV genome has also been found in post-transplant lymphomas and lymphomas arising in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, evidence has now accumulated that EBV might be the initiator of a multi-step process leading from polyclonal B-cell hyperplasias to monoclonal lymphoma. In a retrospective study of 60 T-cell lymphomas of various types, we found EBV DNA in 21 (35%) using Southern- and/or dot-blot techniques. Eight of 14 nodal samples of angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (57%) were shown to harbour detectable EBV DNA. The tumour with the next highest frequency, 47% (7/15 cases analyzed) was pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma, medium- and large-cell type; EBV was found both in nodal and in extranodal lymphomas of this type. Lymphoepitheloid (Lennert's) lymphoma and large-cell anaplastic lymphoma were positive in 2/5 and 3/8, respectively, of the cases analyzed. No viral DNA could be demonstrated in 3 T-immunoblastic and 5 T-lymphoblastic lymphomas. Clonotypic analysis revealed monoclonal as well as oligoclonal virus populations. Our data suggest that, at least in some of these entities, the presence of the EBV genome might be due to secondary mechanisms such as escape from immune surveillance.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1992

HLA-DRB3 gene alleles in Caucasian patients with Graves' disease.

Graves' disease (GD) is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) linked organ-specific autoimmune disease. In German GD patients the disease is associated with HLA specificities of the HLA-DRw52 family (HLA-DR3, -DR5, and DR6; HLA-DRB3 positive HLA haplotypes). Recently, a strong association with a HLA-DRB3 restriction fragment length polymorphism gene has been described. To study HLA-DRB3 alleles and their association with the disease, a large cohort of controls (n = 3724) and GD patients (n = 304) was analyzed. HLA-DR allelic combinations revealed an increase in HLA-DR3/DR5 heterozygous patients (relative risk 2.9; P < 0.001). HLA-DRB3 alleles, as defined by DNA typing in HLA-DR matched groups revealed a significant increase in DRB3*0101 homozygosity (relative risk 17.5; P < 0.001) in HLA-DR3 homozygous patients. In GD patients with ophthalmopathy (grade II or higher, according to Werner) DRB3*0101/*0202 heterozygosity revealed an increased relative risk of 5.5 (P < 0.001). Non-HLA-DR3 homozygous, DRB3*0101/*0202 heterozygous patients were at the highest risk for endocrine ophthalmopathy (relative risk 10; P < 0.001). Our data, based on DNA typing methods of HLA-D genes, provide evidence that the susceptibility is strongly associated with HLA-DRB3 genes.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

Abbott HCV EIA 2nd generation: a new screening assay.

An enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibodies against structural and nonstructural domains of the hepatitis C virus (EIA-2) was compared to a first generation test (EIA-1) that can only detect antibodies against one nonstructural antigen (c100). EIA-2 revealed elevated detection rates as assessed in high risk and patient populations as well as lower repeat reactive rates in volunteer blood donors. Research test systems proved an increase in apparent specificity.

Blood Donors↗