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Biomedical subjects

S Scott

Publications and source records attributed to S Scott.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Failure of bone scanning to detect fractures in a woman on chronic steroid therapy.

Osteopenic bones in patients on chronic steroid therapy are often difficult to assess for occult fractures. Such patients are also at greater risk for fractures. Technetium 99m bone scan is currently thought to represent the most sensitive method of diagnosing these lesions. We present a case of failure of diagnosis of a subtle fracture by Tc-99m bone scan and speculate on the role of steroid therapy in the mechanism of this failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A neurological basis for visual discomfort.

Certain patterns of stripes are judged to be unpleasant to look at. They induce illusions of colour, shape and motion that are sometimes perceived predominantly to one side of fixation. People who suffer frequent headaches tend to report more illusions, and if the pain consistently occurs on the same side of the head the illusions tend to be lateralized. The parameters of the patterns that induce illusions (including their shape, spatial frequency, duty cycle, contrast and cortical representation) closely resemble those that elicit epileptiform electroencephalographic abnormalities in patients with photosensitive epilepsy. The viewing conditions under which such abnormalities are likely to appear are also those under which more illusions are seen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The response of the apparent receptive speech disorder of Parkinson's disease to speech therapy.

Eleven patients with Parkinson's disease were tested for prosodic abnormality, on three tests of speech production (of angry, questioning, and neutral statement forms), and four tests of appreciation of the prosodic features of speech and facial expression. The tests were repeated after a control period of two weeks without speech therapy and were not substantially different. After two weeks of intensive domiciliary prosodic therapy, the prosodic abnormality score was improved, as were three of the four tests of recognition of the prosodic features of speech and facial expression, and two of the three tests of production (of angry and questioning forms). The apparent receptive disorder of speech in Parkinson's disease can thus respond to therapy. Possible mechanisms of improvement are briefly discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Evidence for an apparent sensory speech disorder in Parkinson's disease.

Twenty eight patients with Parkinson's disease (average age 63 years, average duration of disease 8 years) and 28 normal elderly controls (average age 70 years) were tested for their ability to appreciate the prosodic aspects of their own and others' speech and facial expression. Compared with the controls the Parkinsonian subjects performed worse at these tests, though both groups could easily identify neutral statements. The Parkinsonian subjects were unable to produce statements in an angry or questioning form. These seemed to be features of early Parkinson's disease.

Affect↗
PubMed1983

Weight gain and movement patterns of very low birthweight babies nursed on lambswool.

34 very low birthweight babies (mean 1143 g) in incubators were randomly assigned to be continuously nursed on lambswool (n = 17) or ordinary cotton sheets (n = 17). The weight gain for the periods when babies were well was significantly larger for the wool group, 22.7 g/day vs 18.6 g/day for cotton control (p less than 0.02). The overall weight gain (which included weight change during periods of illness) revealed a similar picture in favour of the wool group, 21.5 g/day vs 18.2 g/day (p less than 0.05). Movement patterns for the two groups showed no differences, but for all babies a strong correlation was noted between moving and lying suspine (p less than 0.001), having eyes open (p less than 0.001), a cooler incubator (p less than 0.01), and faster weight gain (p less than 0.01). Lambswool seems to have advantages over cotton sheets as a bedding material for very low birth weight babies.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Speech therapy for Parkinson's disease.

Twenty-six patients with the speech disorder of Parkinson's disease received daily speech therapy (prosodic exercises) at home for 2 to 3 weeks. There were significant improvements in speech as assessed by scores for prosodic abnormality and intelligibility' and these were maintained in part for up to 3 months. The degree of improvement was clinically and psychologically important, and relatives commented on the social benefits. The use of a visual reinforcement device produced limited benefit over and above that from prosodic exercises alone, except to patients with severe speech disorder.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics of theophylline in young and elderly subjects.

Theophylline kinetics were evaluated in 6 elderly (age 65-75 years) and 5 young (age 22-28 years), nonsmoking males following the oral administration of 200 mg of Elixophylline. Theophylline serum concentration in the postabsorptive phase declined in a monoexponential manner. Total body clearance, elimination half-life, volume of distribution and protein binding were determined. There were no statistically significant differences in these kinetic parameters between the elderly and young subjects. Therefore, advancing age should not be used as a sole factor in the adjustment of theophylline dosage.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of fructose feeding on insulin secretion and insulin action in the rat.

Insulin secretion and insulin action were studied in rats fed either a diet containing (as percent of calories) 66% fructose, 22% protein, and 12% fat, or standard rat chow (60% vegetable starch, 29% protein, 11% fat) for 7 days. Plasma glucose concentration following either an oral glucose or fructose load (180 mg/100 g body weight) were slightly higher in the fructose-fed rats, and this was associated with a much greater elevation of plasma insulin concentrations. The ability of insulin to stimulate disposal of glucose load was determined during the continuous infusion of epinephrine, propranolol, glucose, and insulin. Under these condtions the steady state plasma insulin levels were the same in the two groups of rats, whereas the steady state plasma glucose levels were almost twice as high in the fructose fed rats. Thus, fructose feeding for 7 days resulted in an increase in the insulin response to an oral carbohydrate challenge, as well as to a loss of normal insulin sensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A biotype of Enterobacteriaceae intermediate between Citrobacter and Enterobacter.

The authors isolated two strains of an unnamed bacterial biotype with characteristics intermediate between those of Enterobacter and Citrobacter. The organisms did not produce acetyl-methyl carbinol, but decarboxylated lysine. Apart from the latter trait, they most closely resemble H2S-negative Citrobacter freundii. They differ biochemically from all other currently accepted species of enterobacteriaceae. Their pathogenic significance appears similar to that of the two genera they most closely resemble. Only by recognition and study of additional strains can their identity be more definitively delineated and their significance more fully assessed.

Child↗