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Biomedical subjects

S Schenker

Publications and source records attributed to S Schenker.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

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Terminology as Topic↗
PubMed1978

Effect of age and parenchymal liver disease on the disposition and elimination of chlordiazepoxide (librium).

There is an increased incidence of unwanted sedation associated with chlordiazepoxide usage in the elderly and in patients with liver disease. To determine whether pharmacokinetic alterations could account in part for these observations we studied the disposition and elimination of intravenously administered chlordiazepoxide in 27 healthy controls aged 16 to 86 years, 8 patients with cirrhosis, and 5 patients with acute viral hepatitis. Both increasing age and parenchymal liver disease led to similar changes in chlordiazepoxide pharmacokinetics. Over the age range 20 to 80 years, elimination half-life (t1/2(beta)) increased from 7 to 40 hr (r, 0.67; P less than 0.001) attributable to a decrease in plasma clearance from 30 ml per min to 10 ml per min (r, -0.71; P less than 0.001) and an increase in volume of distribution from 0.26 to 0.38 liters per kg (r, 0.60; P less than 0.05). Similarly, a decrease in plasma clearance in cirrhosis (7.7 +/- 2.1 compared to 15.3 +/- 4.4 ml per min, P less than 0.01) and acute viral hepatitis (6.1 +/- 4.3 compared to 18.1 +/- 7.1 ml per min, P less than 0.01) relative to age-matched controls and an increase in the volume of distribution resulted in a prolongation of the elimination half-life in both forms of liver disease. Impaired elimination of chlordiazepoxide may account in part for the increased incidence of oversedation seen in the elderly and in patients with liver disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effects of thiamin deficiency on acetylcholine levels and utilization in vivo in rat brain.

Cerebral regional acetylcholine (ACh) levels and utilization were studied in vivo in thiamin deficient (TD), pair-fed asymptomatic (PFC) and ad libitum fed control (ALC) rats. ACh levels in the cortex, corpus striatum, midbrain, diencephalon and brainstem of TD rats were comparable to those observed in the control groups. However, ACh utilization was slightly to moderately (10-41%) decreased in cortex, midbrain, diencephalon and brainstem. The decrease was significantly different in the midbrain of TD rats as compared to PFC and ALC rats.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1977

The effect of maternal alcohol consumption on the viability and visceral development of the newborn rat.

The clinical observations that offspring of pregnant alcoholics are prone to congenital defects and abnormal growth and development (fetal alcohol syndrome) have generated interest in studying this problem in a well-controlled experimental model. Accordingly, in this study, we assessed the effects of long-term maternal alcohol intake on offspring viability and growth as well as the DNA, total RNA, protein levels and DNA synthesis in brain, heart, liver, and kidney of 3-day-old newborn rats. Chronic oral intake of alcohol (mean 21 weeks plus 20 days of gestation) resulted in maternal blood alcohol levels of 67 to over 150 mg percent. There was a significant increase of newborn mortality (30%) and a decrease in their body weight at 3 days in alcohol-exposed compared to pair-fed (non-alcohol) control pups (p less than 0.025). Protein concentration was unchanged in heart, liver, and kidney and was slightly elevated in brain of 3-day-old pups exposed to ethanol in utero. DNA synthesis rates were normal in all four organs, while DNA concentration was significantly lower only in the liver of the alcohol-exposed group (p less than 0.05). In the alcohol group the total RNA levels were significantly depressed by about 10-30 percent (p less than 0.05) in all four organs studied. In conclusion, our studies suggest that prolonged maternal alcohol intake has an adverse effect on newborn rat viability and growth as well as the total RNA and to some extent DNA concentration of vital organs.

Animals↗