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Biomedical subjects

S Schachter

Publications and source records attributed to S Schachter.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Pharmacological and psychological determinants of smoking. A New York University honors program lecture.

Arguments for and against low-nicotine cigarettes are examined by considering evidence relevant to the gratification of smoking and to nicotine as an addicting agent. A variety of studies indicates that smokers regulate nicotine intake and that variations in smoking rate that customarily have been interpreted in psychological terms are better understood as attempts to regulate nicotine. These findings bring into question the justification for the low-nicotine cigarette campaign.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Effects of cue prominence and palatability on the drinking behavior of obese and normal humans.

This study examines the effects of cue salience and palatability (water temperature) on the water drinking of obese and normal subjects. Obese subjects drink more than do normal subjects when the water cue is prominent but do not do so when this cue is remote. Palatability does not differentially affect the drinking behavior of obese and normal subjects. These results support the extension to nonfood stimuli of the hypothesis of the hyperreactivity of the obese to prominent cues.

Attention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Double-blind randomized study comparing brand-name and generic phenytoin monotherapy.

Ten patients with well-controlled seizures receiving chronic phenytoin (PHT) monotherapy for seizure prophylaxis completed a randomized double-blind crossover study comparing brand-name and generic PHT. Each patient received the same dose of each preparation for 3 months during which trough PHT concentrations and adverse effects were monitored. The average predose steady-state total PHT concentration was 11.9 +/- 4.9 micrograms/ml during brand-name therapy and 14.2 +/- 8.2 micrograms/ml during generic therapy. The average predose steady-state free PHT concentrations were 0.93 +/- 0.47 micrograms/ml (brand name) and 1.14 +/- 0.64 micrograms/ml (generic), respectively (p less than 0.005). The potency (capsule content) values for the lots used in the study were 99.2% for the brand-name and 104.6% for generic. Because of the nonlinear Michaelis-Menten kinetics of PHT, a 5.4% difference in potency could account for the observed differences in plasma concentrations. When compared with brand-name PHT therapy, the generic drug was associated with an increase in serum concentration. This increase was consistent with the reported difference in capsule content between the generic and brand-name lots used in this study.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral chromium picolinate and control of glycemia in insulin-treated diabetic dogs.

Chromium is an essential dietary trace mineral involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Chromium is required for cellular uptake of glucose, and chromium deficiency causes insulin resistance. Chromium supplementation may improve insulin sensitivity and has been used as adjunct treatment of diabetes mellitus in humans. In this study, 13 dogs with naturally acquired diabetes mellitus were treated with insulin for 3 months, then with insulin and chromium picolinate for 3 months. Dogs weighing <15 kg (33 lb: n = 9) were administered 200 microg of chromium picolinate PO once daily for I month, then 200 microg of chromium picolinate twice daily for 2 months. Dogs weighing >15 kg (n = 4) received 200 microg of chromium picolinate once daily for 2 weeks, then 200 microg twice daily for 2 weeks, then 400 microg twice daily for 2 months. Type of insulin, frequency of insulin administration, and diet were kept constant, and insulin dosage was adjusted, as needed, to maintain optimal control of glycemia. Mean body weight, daily insulin dosage, daily caloric intake, 10-hour mean blood glucose concentration, blood glycated hemoglobin concentration, and serum fructosamine concentration were not markedly different when dogs were treated with insulin and chromium picolinate, compared with insulin alone. Adverse effects were not identified with chromium picolinate administration. Results of this study suggest that, at a dosage range of 20-60 microg/kg/d, chromium picolinate caused no beneficial or harmful effects in insulin-treated diabetic dogs.

Administration, Oral↗