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S Sawhney

Publications and source records attributed to S Sawhney.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Effect of specific and non-specific prior sensitization on the outcome of amoebic infection.

Guinea-pigs were sensitized with monoaxenic amoebic antigen (Group I), bacterial associate antigen (Group II) and axenic amoebic antigen (Group III). All animals in Group I, 95% in Group II and 70% in group III, developed caecal lesions on intra-caecal inoculation of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites; 92.8% of control (unsensitized) animals developed lesions in their caeca. Lesions were more severe in sensitized animals than in controls. Hepatic abscesses were found in 7.6% of group I, 11.1% of group II and 7.1% of group III. No animal from the untreated but infected group developed hepatic abscess. It thus appears that specific (amoebic) and non-specific (bacterial) prior sensitization may render the host more susceptible to hepatic amoebic infection.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1981

Virulence of Entamoeba histolytica in rat and its comparison with the serological responses of the amoebic patients.

The virulence of 70 isolates of Entamoeba histolytica was studied in the Wistar strain of albino rat by intracaecal inoculation of amoebae. The results were evaluated by the Neal scoring system, histopathological grading of ulcers and virulence indices. It was found that isolates from acute amoebic cases could infect and produce ulcers in significantly more animals than could the isolates from asymptomatic cyst passers. The virulence indices of isolates from acute cases were also significantly higher as compared to those from asymptomatic cyst passers. However, there was no significant difference between virulence indices of isolates from acute cases and non-dysenteric amoebic colitis. This study also showed that Neal scores failed to correlate with the type of pathology produced by the amoebae in the caecum. It is felt that virulence indices which depend upon the histopathological lesions should also be taken into consideration. The serological response of the patients tended to correlate with the virulence indices of isolates but only minimally. The results thus contradict a common belief amongst clinicians that higher levels of anti-amoebic antibodies reflect severe disease, as compared to low levels of antiamoebic antibodies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Immunogenicity of axenic Entamoeba histolytica antigen and its fractions.

Amoebic antigen prepared from axenic Entamoeba histolytica (NIH:200 strain) grown at 37 degrees C in TPS I medium was chromatographed on a Sephadex G-200 column. Three fractions (F-I, F-II, F-II) were obtained, the molecular weights of which ranged from 650,000 to 1,450. Fractions were concentrated by lyophilization and antisera against each fraction and whole antigen were raised in rabbits. Partially purified fractions were used in various serological tests and their reactivities were compared with whole amoebic antigen. Main haemagglutinating and precipitating activities were confined to Fraction I, which had 14% of total protein and the highest molecular weight (650,000). 5 micrograms/ml of protein contained in this fraction gave antibody titres comparable to those obtained with whole antigen with 40 micrograms/ml or protein. Other fractions, although they had precipitin activity, lacked haemagglutinating activity. The protective efficacies of these fractions are being investigated in our laboratory.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1980

Protective effects of crude and chromatographic fractions of axenic Entamoeba histolytica in guinea-pigs.

Axenic amoebic antigen was chromatographed on Sephadex G-200. Two peaks divided into three fractions were obtained which were concentrated by lyophilization. Guinea-pigs were given a series of subcutaneous injections of crude Entamoeba histolytica antigen and its chromatographic fractions mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant. After three immunizing doses, the animals were challenged with intracaecal injection of a virulent isolate of amoebae (Strain No. H-25) and were killed seven days later. The antibody response was studied by indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and counter-current immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) before intracaecal inoculation and at the time of killing. Fraction I, which had the highest molecular weight, stimulated high levels of antibodies in guinea-pigs and showed 92% protection. Only one animal of 12 inoculated had gross lesions and these were very mild. The caecal contents of three of the 11 animals without gross lesions were positive for amoebae but no tissue invasion was observed. Partial protection was observed with other antigens--30% with whole amoebae, 18% with Fraction II and 30% with Fraction III. In most there were multiple ulcers of the deep penetrating type and amoebae either penetrating and invading the muscular layer or the lytic process extending up to the muscular layer. In one animal, immunized with whole amoebic antigen, multiple hepatic lesions were also observed and trophozoites of E. histolytica were demonstrated histologically.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1980

Experimental amoebic infection in guinea-pigs immunized with low grade amoebic infection.

Guinea-pigs were immunzied with a low grade amoebic infection, either intracaecally or intramesenterically. The immunized animals were challenged with a virulent strain of Entamoeba histolytica. Some of the animals, immunized via the intracaecal route were challenged repeatedly. 10 to 30% of immunized animals developed caecal lesions compared with 92.8% of non-immunized animals. The percentage of protection in animals challenged repeatedly was greater than in those challenged once. Neither immunized nor non-immunized guinea-pigs developed hepatic abscesses. It appears that prior low grade infection could lead to resistance to subsequent amoebic challenge.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1980

Cellular and humoral responses in amoebic patients.

Cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) and humoral antibody response was studied in fifteen patients with amoebic liver abscess, five patients with amoebic colitis and fifteen patients with non-amoebic diseases which served as unexposed controls. CMIR as judged by macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) test was altered in amoebic patients and more so in amoebic liver abscess patients; it was normal in unexposed controls. This altered CMIR reverted back to normal levels within five to seven days after the initiation of drug therapy. There was no clear-cut correlation between CMIR and humoral antibody response although by and large the degree of macrophage migration inhibition and humoral antibody titres were high in patients with amoebic liver abscess. It is thus felt that CMIR is altered in amoebic patients during the acute phase and is independent of humoral antibody response.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sonographic appearances and percutaneous management of primary tuberculous liver abscess.

Primary tuberculous liver abscesses are rare. We report on 3 patients who presented with a nonresolving abscess in the liver. Clinical presentation and sonographic findings in each case were nonspecific. A diagnosis of tuberculosis was established with microbiologic examination of pus in 2 cases and examination of an excised abscess wall in 1 case. Needle aspiration (1 patient) and short-term (72 hours) catheter drainage (1 patient) were unsuccessful, and surgical excision was required in these patients. In the third patient, continuous catheter drainage over 18 days resulted in cure, indicating that long-term catheter drainage with antituberculous chemotherapy may be a viable alternative to surgery in the management of primary tuberculous liver abscess.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatic granulomas due to visceral larva migrans in adults: appearance on US and MRI.

Visceral larva migrans is a syndrome characteristically involving children with a history of pica, and usually presents with fever, abdominal pain, tender hepatomegaly, and hypereosinophilia. Hepatic granulomas of visceral larva migrans are rare in adults. We describe three adult patients with hepatic lesions which on histopathology demonstrated characteristic granulomas of visceral larva migrans. All patients had abdominal sonograms and two had additional MR scans of the liver. Both ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated characteristic appearances which have not been described previously (viz., ill-defined central necrotic areas surrounded by concentric thick walls and perifocal edema in the liver parenchyma).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT portography by direct intrasplenic contrast injection: a new technique.

BACKGROUND: The evaluation of percutaneous contrast injection into splenic parenchyma as an alternative technique for computed tomographic (CT) portography in the preoperative assessment of primary hepatobiliary tumors. METHODS: Thirty-two patients underwent a nonenhanced CT scan of the liver, after which a 19-gauge, 10-cm-long needle was introduced into the splenic parenchyma under CT guidance. One hundred forty milliliters of contrast medium (200 mgI/mL; 28 g/I) were injected through this needle: first, a 20-mL bolus (in 5 s) and then 2 mL/s for 60 s. At the end of the bolus injection (5 s), 8-mm-thick contiguous axial scans of the liver were obtained. RESULTS: The success rate of the procedure was 93.7% (30/32; two technical failures). The average time required for the entire study was 13 min and 50 s (range = 7 min 53 s to 25 min 17 s). Hepatic parenchymal enhancement was good in 24/30 (80%), moderate in 3/30 (10%), and unsatisfactory in caudal sections of the liver in 3/30 (10%). Artifactual perfusion defects were seen in 4/30 (13%) due to inadvertant injection of small quantities of air. Intrasplenic subcapsular contrast accumulation occurred in 56.2% (18/32; minimal 15, moderate 3), extrasplenic contrast leakage in 12. 5% (4/32), and left shoulder pain in 18.7% (6/32). No major complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Direct intrasplenic contrast injection for CT portography is a simple, effective, and safe technique with a high success rate and requires significantly less time and lower doses of contrast medium; it also eliminates angiography, indwelling arterial catheters, and patient transfers from angiography to the CT area.

Biliary Tract Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The British version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ).

We report herein the results of the cross-cultural adaptation and validation into the British language of the parent's version of two health related quality of life instruments. The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) is a disease specific health instrument that measures functional ability in daily living activities in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) is a generic health instrument designed to capture the physical and psychosocial well-being of children independently from the underlying disease. A total of 440 subjects were enrolled: 219 patients with JIA (17% systemic onset, 41% polyarticular onset, 33% extended oligoarticular subtype, and 9% persistent oligoarticular subtype) and 221 healthy children. The CHAQ clinically discriminated between healthy subjects and JIA patients, with the systemic, polyarticular and extended oligoarticular subtypes having a higher degree of disability, pain, and a lower overall well-being when compared to their healthy peers. Also the CHQ clinically discriminated between healthy subjects and JIA patients, with the systemic onset, polyarticular onset and extended oligoarticular subtypes having a lower physical and psychosocial well-being when compared to their healthy peers. In conclusion the British version of the CHAQ-CHQ is a reliable, and valid tool for the functional, physical and psychosocial assessment of children with JIA.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of intraperitoneal drainage after cholecystectomy; a prospective ultrasonographic study.

One hundred and fifty patients were prospectively randomised into 3 groups (50 in each group); to receive a passive drain, closed suction drain or no drain after elective cholecystectomy. The drain was removed within 24 hours in 84% of patients and was continued longer only if the amount of drainage was excessive or bilious. On the 3rd post-operative day, an ultrasound examination was performed in all patients for detection of subhepatic/subphrenic collection. Collections were more frequently encountered in the patients without any drain (42%) followed by passive drain (26%) and suction drain group (20%). Chest complications were frequently noted (passive drain; 6% suction drain, 12%, and no drain, 8%), however, occurrence of this complication in various groups was similar (p > 0.1). Two patients (4%) without drain required ultrasound guided aspiration of subhepatic collection. Mean post-operative hospital stay was nearly equal for all the groups (passive drain: 4.22 +/- 1 days, suction drain: 4.26 +/- 1.4 days and no drain: 4.62 +/- 2.3 days). Drainage reduced the incidence of post-cholecystectomy collections and need for invasive intervention for collection related complications. However, the type of drainage (active or passive) did not influence the incidence of collection, frequency of complications and duration of post-operative hospital stay.

Cholecystectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonography of carcinoma of the gallbladder: an analysis of 80 cases.

Eighty patients with primary carcinoma of the gallbladder were studied by ultrasonography. Two broad groups were defined. In group I (72.5%), the gallbladder lumen was identified along with a mass lesion, and in group II (27.5%), a large mass totally replacing the gallbladder was seen. Group I was further categorized into three subtypes according to the morphology of the lesion: type 1--a mass almost filling the lumen; type 2--a polypoidal mass projecting into the lumen; and type 3--an infiltrating mass. Associated findings of infiltration of the liver, presence of calculi, biliary tree obstruction, liver metastasis, and lymphadenopathy further supported the diagnosis. Ultrasonography was found to be highly reliable in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the gallbladder. In addition, it provided guidance for biopsy/aspiration of nonpalpable tumors. Its shortcomings appear to be its inability to assess peritoneal and bowel involvement, as well as that of the omentum and posterior rectus sheath.

Adult↗