Serum lipid levels in elementary and junior high schoolchildren and their relationship to obesity--Shinjo-cho study.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
S Sawada
Publications and source records attributed to S Sawada.
[Experience of the therapy for the patients with intracranial malignant lymphoma].
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Adult↗
[MRI of orbital blow-out fractures].
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Humans↗
Antitumor activity of 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxy-camptothec in, a novel water-soluble derivative of camptothecin, against murine tumors.
The search for new water-soluble analogues of camptothecin (CPT) with higher activity and less toxicity has led to the development of a novel compound, 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxy-camptothecin (CPT-11), which showed significant antitumor activity against a broad spectrum of experimental tumor models by i.p., i.v., or oral administration. When its activity against L1210 was compared with that of CPT and known derivatives, CPT-11 was most effective, giving the highest maximum increase in life span (ILS) and showing good activity over a wide dose range. The antitumor activity of CPT-11 was shown against tumors not only in the ascites form but also in the solid form. Included among the more susceptible murine tumors are S180, Meth A fibrosarcoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, Ehrlich carcinoma, MH134 hepatoma, mammary carcinoma of C3H/HeN mice, L1210, and P388 leukemia. Probable cures of these tumors were induced frequently by CPT-11. The antitumor activity of CPT-11 against i.p.-implanted L1210 was superior to that of Adriamycin in maximum ILS, the number of cured mice, and the therapeutic ratio. CPT-11 at a dose of 100 mg/kg produced an ILS in excess of 300% with five of six mice surviving tumor free, and effected 100% tumor regression at 200 mg/kg, whereas the optimum dose of Adriamycin, 12.5-25 mg/kg, brought about 114-129% ILS with one of six mice surviving. The acute toxicity of CPT-11 was extremely low, particularly in the case of oral administration. CPT-11 is expected to be clinically useful.
Animals↗
Novel immunosuppressive agent, FK506. In vitro effects on the cloned T cell activation.
The present study shows the in vitro effects of a novel immunosuppressive agent, FK506, in comparison with cyclosporin A (CsA). FK506 inhibited concanavalin A response and allo-mixed lymphocyte reaction of murine splenic lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner, and at 40- to 200-fold lower concentrations than CsA. Allo-cytolytic T lymphocyte induction from murine thymocytes was also inhibited by FK506, whereas the ability of cytolytic T lymphocyte to lyse targets was not affected by the agent. Immunosuppressive effects of FK506 were further characterized by using antigen specific-proliferative T lymphocyte clones, BC.21 and KO.6. FK506 inhibited the proliferation of T cell clones stimulated with specific antigens in a dose-dependent manner, and at about 100-fold lower concentrations than CsA. However, cloned T cells, once activated, were scarcely affected by the agent; interleukin-2 (IL-2) driven proliferation of cloned T cells was not inhibited. On the other hand, it was found that FK506 inhibited both IL-2 secretion and IL-2 receptor expression of BC.21 after stimulation with the specific antigen. FK506 also inhibited the proliferation of BC.21 stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore, indicating that it directly affected the signaling pathway downward from the perturbation of the Ti/T3 complex. Finally, it was suggested that FK506 and CsA synergistically inhibited the antigen-driven proliferation of cloned T cells. These results indicate that the novel immunosuppressive agent, FK506, affects T cell activation with mechanisms similar to those of CsA but at considerably lower concentrations.
Animals↗
Characterization of a polysaccharide component of lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa IID 1008 (ATCC 27584) as D-rhamnan.
Structural studies were carried out on a rhamnose-rich polysaccharide isolated from the O-polysaccharide fraction of lipopolysaccharide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa IID 1008 (ATCC 27584) after destruction of the major O-specific chain by alkaline treatment. The isolated polysaccharide contained rhamnose, 3-O-methyl-6-deoxyhexose, glucose, xylose, alanine, galactosamine and phosphorus in a molar ratio of 67:6.9:4.3:2.1:1.1:1.0:4.1. Data from analysis involving Smith degradation, methylation, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and optical rotation measurement showed that the polysaccharide was built up of three moieties, a rhamnan chain composed of about 70 D-rhamnose residues, the core chain and an oligosaccharide chain comprising 3-O-methyl-6-deoxyhexose, xylose, rhamnose and probably glucose. The repeating unit of the rhamnan chain was indicated to have the following structure:----3)D-Rha(alpha 1----3)D-Rha(alpha 1----2)D-Rha(alpha 1----. This structure is identical with that proposed previously for the repeating unit of the side chain of lipopolysaccharide from plant pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum C28 [Smith, A.R.W., Zamze, S.E., Munro, S.M., Carter, K. J. and Hignett, R.C. (1985) Eur. J. Biochem. 149, 73-78].
Chromatography, Gel↗
Characterization of a B cell-derived growth-enhancing factor produced by a human B cell line established from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.
A human B cell line, TKS-1, which was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, was found to spontaneously produce a factor which enhances the activity of interleukin 1 (IL-1). This factor, designated B cell-derived growth-enhancing factor (BGEF), enhanced IL-1-induced proliferation of peanut agglutinin nonagglutinated thymocytes. BGEF also enhanced IL-1-induced production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by both thymocytes and a human T cell clone, HSB.2 C5B2. BGEF alone did not induce the production of IL-2. BGEF failed to induce proliferation of the IL-2-dependent T cell clone, and did not enhance its response to IL-2. The activity of BGEF was not blocked by antisera against human IL-1-alpha or human IL-1-beta. Gel filtration analysis revealed that BGEF has a m.w. of 60,000 to 65,000 in its native state. We concluded that BGEF differed from IL-1 and IL-2, but is a novel factor produced by TKS-1 cells. In addition, we found that partially purified B cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis produced factors which enhanced the activity of IL-1.
Animals↗
Effect of inhibition of Na+-K+ ATPase on the prostacyclin generation of cultured human vascular endothelial cells.
Prostacyclin (PGI2) generation of cultured human vascular endothelial cells (VEC) was observed coincidentally with the increase of 45Ca net influx. Ca ionophore A23187 enhanced not only PGI2 generation and 45Ca net influx but also 45Ca efflux. PGI2 generation was completely abolished by the pretreatment with Ca++ immobilizer, TMB-8. A Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitor, ouabain increased 45Ca net influx, but decreased 45Ca efflux, and enhanced PGI2 generation. These observation indicate that PGI2 generation of VEC may be regulated by not only Ca++ but also Na+, and it was suggested that enhanced PGI2 generation by ouabain might be derived from the increased cytosolic Ca++concentration by the decreased Ca++ efflux, and it was considered to be originated from the suppression of Na+-Ca++ exchange systems by the increased intracellular Na+ concentration via inhibition of Na+-K+ ATPase activity by ouabain. Enhancement of PGI2 generation of VEC by the increased ouabain like substances (OLS) in hypertension is suspected to be beneficial on the maintenance of vascular homeostasis.
Calcimycin↗
Effects of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) related substances upon the vascular prostacyclin generation.
We investigated the interaction of angiotensin I (AI) converting enzyme (ACE) related substances to prostacyclin (PGI2) generation and ACE activity using cultured human vascular endothelial cells (EC) and rat aortic rings (AR). In case of cultured EC, AI and bradykinin (BK) increased PGI2 generation and at the same time ACE released from EC, however angiotensin II (AII) did not show any effect on both of them. When the EC were pretreated by captopril both of basal PGI2 production and ACE activity were reduced but the enhancing effects on PGI2 generation by AI or BK were preserved. On the other hand in the experimental system with AR, not only AI or BK but also AII increased PGI2 generation and the higher concentration of captopril inhibited PGI2 generation. When the EC were removed, the enhancing effect by AII was diminished and the mechanical stimulation to AR remarkably increased PGI2. From these experimental studies, we obtained the results that (1) the reported hypothesis that the vasodilative effect of captopril would be developed by the enhanced PGI2 generation was not confirmed in our systems of EC and AR. (2) AII did not affect on PGI2 generation of EC. Therefore the enhanced PGI2 generation by AII in AR was considered to be mainly derived from the mechanical stimulation to EC by the AII induced smooth muscle cells contraction. (3) It was speculated that the enhanced PGI2 generation by AI or BK might be modulated through their activating effect on ACE as an autoregulatory mechanism.
Angiotensin I↗
Balloon-occluded arterial portography using prostaglandin E1: improved visualization of the intrahepatic portal vein.
For improved visualization of the intrahepatic portal vein, balloon-occluded superior mesenteric arteriography was performed using a torque-controlled balloon catheter after injection of 20 micrograms prostaglandin E1. In patients who underwent arterial portography twice, i.e., by the method using prostaglandin E1 alone and the prostaglandin E1 plus the balloon method, the latter method provided better visualization, particularly in cases in which an aberrant right hepatic artery arose from the superior mesenteric artery.
Alprostadil↗
An improved DAPI-DNA cytofluorometry by hypotonic cytolysis. Its application to tumor cell heterogeneity.
The effect of cell cytolysis on DAPI-DNA cytofluorometry was studied in order to eliminate nonspecific cytoplasmic hindrances in DAPI staining. A great improvement in the reproducibility of DNA determination was attained when cells were treated with hypotonic KCl (0.075 M) solution. The DNA content per cell of the mgC5 clonal line (normal diploid cell containing 2C DNA units) after hypotonic treatment was 3.07 +/- 0.06, while that of mgC5 cells without hypotonic treatment was 3.50 +/- 0.26, indicating a remarkable decrease from 7.4% to 2.0% in the coefficient of variation. In detecting tumor cell heterogeneity, our cytolytic method was superior to the method of counting the mode of chromosome number. The modal chromosome numbers of nontumorigenic m and its derivatives, mgC4 and mgC5, were 69, 68 and 67 respectively, while those of their tumorigenic counterparts, magc, mgC4V1 and mgC5V1 were 68, 66 and 67. The DNA contents of nontumorigenic m, mgC4 and mgC5 were 3.00 +/- 0.10 (mean +/- SD), 3.07 +/- 0.06 and 3.07 +/- 0.12, while those of their tumorigenic counterparts, magc, mgC4V1 and mgC5V1 were 3.67 +/- 0.15, 3.23 +/- 0.06, 3.27 +/- 0.06 respectively. A statistically significant difference in DNA content between the tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cells was observed at least at the p less than 0.05 level (t-test) when DNA content was employed for comparison, but not when the modal chromosome number was employed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Quantal analysis of potentiating action of phorbol ester on synaptic transmission in the hippocampus.
The mechanism of the potentiating action of phorbol diacetate on synaptic transmission in the hippocampus was studied by the quantal analysis technique. Thin transverse sections were prepared from guinea pig hippocampus and intracellular potentials were recorded from CA3 neurons. Unitary excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were induced in the impaled neurons by brief glutamate pulses administered to granule cells. The amplitude of the unitary EPSPs fluctuated according to Poisson distribution. From the mean and variance of the amplitude of the unitary EPSPs, the mean quantal content (m) and the mean quantal amplitude (q) were calculated. Before phorbol diacetate administration, the values of m and q were 9.7 +/- 1.4 and 1.1 +/- 0.28 mV (mean +/- S.D.), respectively. Potentiation of synaptic transmission by phorbol diacetate was accompanied by increases in the value of m. The value of q remained unchanged in most neurons and decreased in some. These results indicate that the phorbol ester causes an increase in release of neurotransmitter and thereby potentiates synaptic transmission.
Animals↗
Observation of fallout in Hiroshima caused by the reactor accident at Chernobyl.
Fallout from the reactor accident at Chernobyl has been surveyed at Hiroshima. gamma-rays from samples of aerosol, rain water and tap water were measured using low-background gamma-ray spectrometers and concentrations of activities were followed. Almost all of the nuclides detected in Europe were observed in Hiroshima. In addition to dominant volatile fission products of 131I, 132Te-132I and 103Ru, long-lived fission products 137Cs, 106Ru-106Rh, 125Sb and activities produced through the (n, gamma) process in the reactor such as 134Cs, 136Cs and 110mAg were observed in relatively high concentrations.
Accidents↗
Lethal and mutagenic effects of 252Cf radiation in cultured human cells.
HeLa MR cells were exposed to radiation emitted from a man-made spontaneously fissioning isotope, californium-252. The neutron to gamma-ray ratio in the radiation dose was measured to be 2.0. The extrapolation number of the dose-survival curve was 1.3 and the Do was 200 cGy. A dose-dependent increase in mutation to 6-TGr (6-thioguanine resistant) was observed. The relative biological effectiveness (r.b.e.) for cell killing of the neutrons from 252Cf, calculated relative to high-dose-rate X-rays, was 2.6 at 50 per cent survival. The r.b.e. for mutation induction was 2.7 at a mutation frequency of 5 X 10(-5) per surviving cell.
Californium↗
Europium-152 depth profile of a stone bridge pillar exposed to the Hiroshima atomic bomb: 152Eu activities for analysis of the neutron spectrum.
The 152Eu activity depth profile of a granite pillar of the Motoyasu bridge located 132 m from the Hiroshima atomic bomb hypocenter was assessed. The pillars each measured 82 cm in depth, 82 cm in width and 193 cm in height. One of the pillars was bored and 6.8-cm-diameter core samples were removed and cut into 2-cm-thick disks. Two gamma rays of 152Eu, 122 keV and 344 keV, in each disk were measured using a low background, gamma-ray spectrometer, and the activity distribution was determined as a function of depth in the granite. A concentration of stable Eu in the granite was determined by activation analysis. The specific radioactivity of 152Eu and 154Eu at the pillar surface was determined to have been 117 and 24 Bq per mg Eu, respectively, at the time of detonation. The value of 152Eu agrees within 20% of that calculated by Loewe. The depth profile of 152Eu in granite demonstrates a distinct difference from the estimates made only by thermal neutrons. Present data provide valuable information for the analysis of the neutron spectrum of the Hiroshima atomic bomb and its intensity.
Europium↗
Effects of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE)-related substances on prostacyclin generation and ACE activity of human vascular endothelial cells and rat aortic rings.
The effects of angiotensin I (ANG I) converting enzyme (ACE)-related substances on prostacyclin (PGI2) generation were investigated using cultured human vascular endothelial cells (EC) and rat aortic rings. ANG I or bradykinin (BK) increased while captopril decreased PGI2 generation and ACE activity of EC, whereas ANG II was without effect. The enhancement of PGI2 generation induced by ANG I or BK was not affected by the pretreatment with captopril. In rat aortic rings, ANG I, ANG II, and BK enhanced whereas captopril (10(-3) M) attenuated PGI2 generation. Mechanical stimulation of aortic rings stimulated PGI2 generation. These results suggest that (a) the conversion of ANG I to ANG II did not enhance PGI2 generation in EC; (b) the ANG II stimulated PGI2 generation of aortic rings was partially derived by mechanical stimulation of EC, probably originating from the contraction of smooth muscle cells by ANG II; (c) captopril directly inhibited PGI2 generation; and (d) in EC, the stimulation of PGI2 generation by ANG I or BK is probably regulated by an activating effect on ACE as an autoregulatory mechanism.
Animals↗
Facilitation of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation by a T cell-specific immunotoxin containing daunomycin.
Daunomycin coupled via an acid-sensitive spacer to monoclonal Thy-1.2-specific antibody was used to purge T lymphocytes from a 1:1 mixture of murine C57BL/6J bone marrow and spleen cells prior to engraftment in fully allogeneic, irradiated BALB/c recipients. Treatment of bone marrow with the immunotoxin at a concentration used for purging had no effect on the viability of committed hematopoietic progenitor or multipotent stem cells. All of the recipients of purged bone marrow were at least 80% chimeric for donor peripheral blood cells and none developed graft-versus-host disease. Out of 50 chimeras, 49 were still alive more than 200 days posttransplantation. The chimeras were shown to be tolerant to donor tissue as tested by mixed lymphocyte reactivity, cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and skin grafting. The same tests revealed full immunocompetence of chimeras to third-party alloantigens. In vivo IgM and IgG antibody responses to sheep red blood cells were similar in magnitude in allogeneically and syngeneically reconstituted mice.
Animals↗
Immunoprotective human monoclonal antibodies against five major serotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Human monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against the O antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were produced by cell fusion between human tonsillar lymphocytes and P3-X63-Ag8-U1 (P3U1) mouse myeloma cells. To obtain human Mabs efficiently, 6 d culture supernatants of pokeweed-mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes (21 cultures from peripheral blood and 76 from tonsils) were assayed by ELISA. Five tonsillar lymphocytes which produced IgG antibody specific for P. aeruginosa LPS were preselected for fusion. The human Mabs, named P1-1 (IgG2, kappa), P5-1 (IgG2, lambda), P7-1 (IgG2, lambda), P8-1 (IgG2, lambda) and P10-1 (IgG2, kappa), bound with high specificity to Homma standard serotype strains A, E, B, G and I, respectively, and recognized O antigens. Each Mab showed opsonophagocytic killing activity of the corresponding serotype strain. Four of the Mabs caused agglutination at a very low concentration; a rather higher concentration of P7-1 was required for this effect. Although all the Mabs conferred type-specific protection against peritoneal infection, the strongly agglutinating Mabs provided better protection than the moderately agglutinating P7-1. The protective activity of P8-1 was estimated in compromised mice. A low dose (PD50 0.5-0.6 microgram per mouse) of P8-1 prevented subcutaneous infection in burned mice and peritoneal infection in leucopenic mice. All the hybridomas described here could be cultured in serum-free medium, and they have continued to secrete human Mabs for more than 14 months at rates of 10-20 micrograms per 10(6) cells in 24 h. These results suggested that these five human Mabs specific for O antigens might be useful in the prophylaxis and treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.
Animals↗