Biomedical subjects

S Satomi

Publications and source records attributed to S Satomi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Analysis of the p53 gene mutations in patients with multiple primary cancers of the oesophagus.

We investigated genetic alterations of the p53 gene in two patients with multiple primary oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCs). We found that each primary tumour could be distinguished by mutation of p53. Moreover, mutations detected in the p53 gene in metastatic lymph nodes were the same as those detected in at least one of the primary tumours. Our results presented the possibility of: (1) discrimination of primary and metastatic legions in patients with multiple primary ESCs; (2) determination of metastatic pathway to regional lymph nodes; and (3) application for the development of a better clinical management of patients with multiple primary ESCs.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Systemic-to-pulmonary vascular malformation of lung visualized by computer-assisted 3-D reconstruction.

AIMS: While a growing number of cases with pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) have been reported, detailed analysis has yet to be found on the relation of abnormal vessels with the whole lung vasculature and airways. To gain more insight into the structure-function interrelation of this disease, we attempted to visualize the vessels in and around the arteriovenous malformation, resorting to computer-aided 3-D reconstruction. METHODS AND RESULTS: The material was the upper lobe of the right lung from a 44-year-old man resected for recurrent haemoptysis. On pre-surgical selective angiography, an arteriovenous communication was suggested to exist between a tributary of the right 3rd intercostal artery and pulmonary vein. Semi-serial sections were prepared from the material and submitted to 3-D reconstruction of blood vessels and airways. In 3-D images, branches of the 3rd intercostal artery proved to be forming a plexus of abnormally dilated, thin-walled vessels in the subepithelial layer of a membranous bronchiole, a situation clearly explaining the mechanism of haemoptysis. There was no capillary bed interventing between the afferent arteries and draining vessels leading to the pulmonary vein. CONCLUSIONS: This presents the first overall visualization of PAVM, allowing comparison of 2-D microscopy with the corresponding 3-D morphology.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Kupffer cells generate superoxide anions and modulate reperfusion injury in rat livers after cold preservation.

This study was designed to determine the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and whether Kupffer cells modulate the injury of perfused rat liver after cold preservation. The livers of male Lewis rats pretreated with schizophyllan glucan (SPG) (10 mg/kg, SPG group) or gadolinium chloride (5 mg/kg; Gd group) and untreated rats (control group) were preserved in University of Wisconsin solution for 0, 12, and 24 hours at 4 degrees C and then perfused for 60 minutes with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer. Real-time chemiluminescence (CL) of the liver during perfusion was measured using a sensitive photomultiplier, and reperfusion injury was assessed by measuring lipid peroxidation and lactate dehydrogenase release. CL intensity reached a peak within 5 minutes of reperfusion, and superoxide dismutase completely inhibited this CL in all groups. In the control group, the total CL intensity was high after 24 hours of preservation. It significantly (P < .05 vs. control group) increased in the SPG group, while it decreased in the Gd group after 12 and 24 hours of preservation. The total CL intensity decreased by 70% (when diphenyliodonium chloride (100 micromol/L; an NADPH oxidase inhibitor) was added to the perfusate before preservation of untreated rats. Lipid peroxidation and lactate dehydrogenase release significantly (P < .05) deteriorated in the SPG group, while they ameliorated in the Gd group after 24 hours of preservation. These results demonstrate that Kupffer cells primarily generate superoxide anions and modulate the organ injury in the initial phase of reperfusion after cold preservation.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Tumor necrosis factor-induced, superoxide-mediated neutrophil accumulation in cold ischemic/reperfused rat liver.

The mechanisms of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury are complicated and multifactorial. This study was designed to examine superoxide generation and neutrophil accumulation in cold ischemic-reperfused rat livers after elimination of Kupffer cells and to determine the role of superoxide/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) interactions. Rat Kupffer cells were eliminated by liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate injected intravenously. Livers from control and treated rats were isolated and preserved in University of Wisconsin solution (4 degrees C) for 0, 12, and 24 hours and then perfused for 60 minutes with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (37 degrees C) by adding neutrophils into the perfusate. Superoxide generation was measured by using real-time chemiluminescence (CL) during perfusion, and neutrophil accumulation was assessed by measuring myeloperoxidase activity in the liver tissue. In the control livers, CL intensity markedly increased on reoxygenation, and after neutrophil infusion it increased again with a lag period of 10 minutes. Total CL intensity and myeloperoxidase activity increased with the duration of cold preservation. TNF release into the effluent perfusate was detectable only after 24 hours of preservation, and lactate dehydrogenase release was high. Elimination of Kupffer cells attenuated CL intensity and TNF and lactate dehydrogenase release and resulted in reduced myeloperoxidase activity. Electron microscopy revealed amelioration of hepatocyte swelling and endothelial cell disruption when Kupffer cells were eliminated. After 24 hours of preservation, superoxide generation was inhibited in the control livers by anti-TNF antiserum, whereas TNF release was not inhibited by superoxide dismutase. These results suggest that TNF induces superoxide generation by Kupffer cells, which mediates neutrophil accumulation and causes cellular injury in the initial phase of reperfusion.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Effects of caloric intake on anticancer therapy in rats with valine-depleted amino acid imbalance.

Valine-depleted amino acid imbalance solution markedly inhibits tumor growth but causes fatty liver as a side effect. However, much remains unknown about the mechanism of the development of fatty liver. Valine-depleted amino acid imbalance solution containing various concentrations of calories was administered to tumor-bearing rats for four days by means of total parenteral nutritional methods to investigate the interaction of caloric intake and the development of fatty liver. Compared with the total parenteral nutrition control group the triglyceride content of the liver rose significantly in the group given valine-depleted amino acid imbalance solution with an increase in caloric intake. Plasma total protein and albumin significantly decreased. The very-low-density lipoprotein concentration in serum was also significantly lower than that in the control group. Valine-depleted amino acid imbalance caused hypoproteinemia, suggesting a fall in synthesis of apolipoproteins in the liver indispensable for lipid release. Along with the increase in the total caloric intake, triglyceride synthesis in the liver increased, resulting in augmentation of fatty content of the liver, probably because of the decreased lipid release.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1997

An investigation into the prevalence of thyroid disease on Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands.

The prevalence of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer was studied in the indigenous population residing on Ebeye Island, Kwajalein Atoll, in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. This island, centrally located in the nation, is home to about 25% of the nation's population, many who have migrated there from other atolls. The objective of the study was to obtain thyroid disease rate statistics on as much of the population as possible that was alive during the years of nuclear testing and to test the hypothesis that described a linearly decreasing prevalence of palpable nodules with increasing distance from the Bikini test site. 1,322 Marshallese born before 1965 were given a thyroid examination using neck palpation, fine needle aspiration biopsy, and high resolution ultrasound imaging. Approximately 40% of the total population living on this island who are at risk from exposure to radioactive fallout during the years 1946-1958 were screened. Of that group, 815 were alive at the time of the BRAVO test on 1 March 1954. Two hundred sixty-six people with thyroid nodules were found (32.6%): 132 were palpable nodules (16.2%), and 134 were nodules that could be diagnosed with ultrasound only (15.7%). Prevalence of palpable nodules was particularly high in men and women older than 60 y, in men who were 6 to 15 y of age at the time of the BRAVO test, and in women 1 to 10 y of age at the time of the BRAVO test. In 22 people, the clinical diagnosis was most likely cancer though histopathological evidence was only available from 11 operated cases. Of the 11 operated cases, 10 were cancer. Cancer prevalence was particularly high in those women born between 1944 and 1953 (7/220 = 3.2%), i.e., who were children during the early years of nuclear testing. The Ebeye data showed a marginally significant correlation between palpable nodule prevalence among women and distance to Bikini (r = -0.44, p = 0.06). This report summarizes the clinical findings of the thyroid examinations, the age distributions for nodular disease and cancer, and examines the relationship between prevalence of nodules and present day levels of 137Cs in the environment of each atoll.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Living related partial liver transplantation in biliary atresia: 11 cases of experience.

Eleven children, 4 males and 7 females, with biliary atresia receiving living related liver graft were studied. The mean age was 1.8 years and the mean body weight was 10.3 kg. The donors were 4 fathers and 7 mothers. The graft was the lateral segment or left lobe. ABO blood group matching was compatible in 9 and incompatible in 2. All patients except one were crossmatch negative. Immunosuppression at induction was triple therapy (cyclosporine, azathioprine and steroid) or FK506 plus steroid. Acute rejection episodes were treated with pulse steroids. When the signs of rejection persisted despite steroid pulse therapy, 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG) was added. The survival rate of the patients was 73%. Three patients died of portal vein thrombosis, hepatic artery thrombosis and sepsis respectively. Other major complications included hyperbilirubinemia, bile duct stenosis, bile leakage and portal vein anastomosis narrowing. Complications of the donor were sepsis in one, and liver dysfunction in two. Although there are some complications related to graft size mismatch and operative procedure, living related partial liver transplantation is an effective therapy in countries where donor source is restricted.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed1997

Analysis of bilirubin fraction in the bile for early diagnosis of acute rejection in living related liver transplantation.

The diagnosis of acute rejection in liver transplantation usually needs hepatic biopsy, but hepatic biopsy sometimes involves severe complications. We analyzed biliary bilirubin fraction after living related liver transplantation by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and investigated availability for the early diagnosis of acute rejection retrospectively. Nine children with liver cirrhosis due to biliary atresia were included in this study, who underwent living related liver transplantation at The Second Department of Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine. Bile was collected daily from a biliary canulae inserted into the hepatic duct of the graft under aseptic and without exposure to the light. We measured the proportion of bilirubin diglucuronide (BDG), bilirubin monoglucuronide (BMG) and unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) of bile pigments in the bile by HPLC. In three of four patients with acute rejection, BDG + BMG (= Bc) was above 85% and BDG/Bc ratio was below 0.6 at the time of hepatic biopsy. After rejection therapy, BDG/Bc ratio increased in their bile. The remaining one case with acute rejection as well as bile duct injury due to arterial thrombosis of S2, Bc was below 85%, and BDG/Bc ratio was below 0.6. In four of the other five patients who had several severe complications, i.e., arterial or portal vein thrombosis, bile stasis due to cholangitis and sepsis due to necrotizing myofascitis, Bc was below 85% and BDG/Bc ratio was below 0.6. We concluded that analysis of biliary bilirubin fraction after liver transplantation could be reliable as a noninvasive maker and valuable for the early diagnosis of acute rejection.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1997

Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte death in the murine thymus: the effect at later stages.

SUMMARY: Although glucocorticoid has been considered to cause thymocyte apoptosis in vitro, few studies have presented its in vivo effect. We report here on kinetics of glucocorticoid-induced murine thymocyte death in vivo by the TUNEL method. TUNEL-positive cells were observed as early as at 2 h after intraperitoneal injection of glucocorticoid. Most TUNEL-positive thymocytes were phagocytosed by acid phosphatase positive macrophages. "Free" (not phagocytosed) TUNEL-positive cells were not detected at early stages (by 4 h). At 6 to 8 h after the injection, the number of phagocytosed thymocytes per individual macrophage had reached its maximum, and at 8 to 12 h many ruptured macrophages ingesting too many dying thymocytes became noticeable. During the process, no additional macrophages appeared to be mobilized to the thymus. At 6 to 8 h after the injection, however, coincidentally with the fact that macrophages had become unable to further ingest dying lymphocytes, dead cells were left unphagocytosed, and ultimately became "free" positive cells, probably due to some proteolytic process ongoing within the thymus. As late as at 12 h, morphological examination revealed that epithelial cells seemed to begin engulfing thymocytes, almost simultaneously with the start of rupture of the macrophages due to the ingestion of too many thymocytes. Epithelial cells were readily identified by desmosomes and tonofilaments, in addition to euchromatic nuclei. Altogether, these results suggest that: 1) even though thymocytes were exposed to glucocorticoid in vivo, most of them were not TUNEL-positive unless they were phagocytosed; 2) even after most macrophages had ingested too many cells at later stages, macrophages in other locations did not migrate to the thymus; and finally, 3) deletion of damaged thymocytes was also carried out by thymic epithelial cells, though not frequently, at around 12 h and later.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Development of new cell fusion technique by laser device and application to bio-medical field].

We developed a new cell fusion method which was sterile, noncontact, and selective technique under the microscope, using the micro-processing device by LASER. By this technique, we succeeded in fusing myeloma cell (SP2) and lymphocyte in mouse. We also defined the proliferation of the fused cells in HAT medium and the function of the fused cells in the Ouchterlony method, i.e. production of IgG. This method enable us to make hybridomas from very small number of cells and to fuse target cells selectively. This method is applicable to fuse cells which are difficult to be fused by conventional methods.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Why is liver preservation performed at 4 degrees C?

To establish the most suitable temperature for liver preservation, we preserved rat livers at various temperatures (0, 5, 10, and 15 degrees C) in UW solution and investigated, biochemically, the proton ATPase activity, ATP metabolites in mitochondria, and phosphatidyl-choline hydroperoxide (PC-OOH) in liver tissue. Liver specimens were taken every 6 h up to 24 h. The proton ATPase activity and the concentration of ATP, ADP, AMP, and adenosine in livers preserved at 0 degree C showed the best results. The total adenine nucleotide (TAN) in livers preserved for 18 and 24 h had significantly higher concentrations compared with those at other temperatures (5, 10, and 15 degrees C). In the livers preserved at 5 degrees C, TAN was degraded to hypoxanthine. On the other hand, those preserved at both 10 and 15 degrees C showed changes from hypoxanthine to xanthine. The concentration of xanthine in both groups preserved at 10 and 15 degrees C showed high values at 6 and 12 h, respectively, and similar changes in PC-OOH concentrations at both 10 and 15 degrees C were observed. However, the changes in PC-OOH concentration at various temperatures were not significant for any length of preservation time. In light microscopical examinations, there were no morphological changes in the hepatocytes. From these results, we conclude that the capability of ATP synthesis of mitochondria in livers preserved at 0 degree C keep them in the best condition compared with livers preserved at 15, 10, and 5 degrees C.

Adenine Nucleotides↗

PubMed1996

Characterization of a new breast cancer-associated antigen and its relationship to MUC1 and TAG-72 antigens.

We have characterized a new tumor-associated antigen defined by monoclonal antibody (MAb) generated against HMA-1 breast cancer cell line. MAb AM-1 was selected based on its preferential reactivity to breast cancer cells versus to normal or benign epithelial cells by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical assays of cultured, or fresh specimens. AM-1 demonstrated strong reactivity to breast cancer cell lines including HMA-1, YMB-1-E, YMB-1 and MDA-MB-231 in flow cytometry. In immunoprecipitation, AM-1 recognized high molecular weight components of 160-210 kDa and > 370 kDa. Reactivity with HMA-1 cells was diminished markedly when treated by heat, protease or periodate, suggesting that the antigenic epitope is composed with carbohydrates and peptides. Enzyme digestion of precipitated antigens demonstrated that the antigen contains O-linked and N-linked carbohydrates with neuraminic acid structures. Furthermore, binding inhibition and sandwich ELISA assays using MAbs reactive with known breast cancer-associated antigens and synthetic MUC1 core peptide (PDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTSAPDTR) demonstrated that the antigen is distinct from CEA, TAG-72 or MUC1, while the antigen conjoins with MUC1 and TAG-72 as a trimmer form in HMA-1 cells. These results suggest that AM-1 recognizes a novel glycoprotein which is abundant in breast cancer, and may be utilized in the management of breast cancer patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1996