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Biomedical subjects

S Satoh

Publications and source records attributed to S Satoh.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Participation of angiotensin II in pressor response and norepinephrine release to spinal nerve stimulation in pithed rats.

Experiments were carried out to examine whether endogenous angiotensin II (A-II) is involved in the regulation of release of norepinephrine (NE) elicited by the stimulation of spinal sympathetic nerves in pithed rats. It was assessed in terms of the alterations in concentrations of arterial blood plasma A-II and NE elicited by nerve stimulation (5 Hz, 50 V, 1 msec for 45 s) in pithed rats under vehicle or captopril (3 mg/kg, i.v.) treatment. Comparative study with pentobarbital anesthetized rats showed that pithing rats have the characteristics of lower basal blood pressure and lower NE level, whereas they have higher basal A-II level. In pithed rats treated with vehicle, pressor response to nerve stimulation was accompanied by increases in both A-II and NE level. In rats treated with captopril, the nerve stimulation caused about 40% lower increases in pressor response and NE level than those observed in rats treated with vehicle. These results suggest that the sympathetic nerve-induced NE release is facilitated by endogenous A-II in pithed rats, and that captopril exerts its inhibitory effect on the pressor response to nerve stimulation through the suppression of this interaction.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2000

[Consultation and survey for drug interaction in outpatients taking the medicines potentially interact with St. John's Wort].

Ministry Health Welfare of Japan announced the caution for drug interaction of St. John's Wort (SJW), a herbal supplement occasionally used for depression, on May, 2000. Immediately after the announcement, we conducted drug consultation for outpatients prescribed the medicines potentially interacting with SJW. We provided information concerning possible drug interaction with SJW for 741 outpatients (except for pediatrics) during the period of May 22-June 16, 2000. The potential drugs prescribed frequently were warfarin (28.0%), theophylline (19.7%), digitalis (18.4%), carbamazepine (7.2%), disopyramide (6.9%) and cyclosporin (6.3%). Of the patients, 401 subjects were surveyed by collecting the questionnaires to clarify the background of SJW drug interaction. Twenty-two subjects (5.5%) have known commercially available SJW products, 5 subjects (1.2%) have ever taken SJW products before and 2 subjects (0.5%) have taken SJW products concomitant with prescribed medicines. Gender difference was observed in paying attention to SJW products; female subjects (8.6%) tended to have more interest in SJW products than male subjects (2.8%). Two subjects taking SJW have realized for the first time that the supplements they took were SJW products when their package photographs were shown at the consultation. Showing the package photographs might be helpful for making the patients easy to identify the SJW products, because most patients do not pay attention to whether the supplements contain SJW or not. It is recommended that drug consultation should be provided to avoid serious drug interaction with SJW while the outpatients are taking potential medicines prescribed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Dehydroepiandrosterone suppresses elevated hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA level in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice: comparison with troglitazone.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is known to improve hyperglycemia of diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice that are obese and insulin resistant. In a previous study, we reported that DHEA as well as troglitazone suppresses the elevated hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) activities in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. In the present study, we evaluated the changes in mRNA of G6Pase and FBPase in db/db mice. Despite hyperinsulinemia, the G6Pase mRNA level of db/db mice was elevated as compared to their heterozygote littermate db/+m mice. In contrast, the FBPase mRNA level was not elevated in db/db mice. Administration of DHEA for two weeks significantly decreased the blood glucose level and the elevated G6Pase mRNA level in db/db mice. No significant changes were seen in the FBPase mRNA level after the administration of DHEA. Administration of troglitazone also decreased the blood glucose and G6Pase mRNA level in db/db mice although no changes were seen in the FBPase mRNA level. These results suggest that the elevation of G6Pase mRNA is important in elucidating the cause of insulin resistance, and that the G6Pase gene is at least one target for the hypoglycemic effects of DHEA as an insulin sensitizing agent in db/db mice.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Disruption of insulin receptor substrate 2 causes type 2 diabetes because of liver insulin resistance and lack of compensatory beta-cell hyperplasia.

To investigate the role of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 in vivo, we generated IRS-2-deficient mice by gene targeting. Although homozygous IRS-2-deficient mice (IRS-2-/- mice) had a body weight similar to wild-type mice, they progressively developed type 2 diabetes at 10 weeks. IRS-2-/- mice showed insulin resistance and a defect in the insulin-stimulated signaling pathway in liver but not in skeletal muscle. Despite insulin resistance, the amount of beta-cells was reduced to 83% of that in wild-type mice, which was in marked contrast to the 85% increase in the amount of beta-cells in IRS-1-deficient mice (IRS-1-/- mice) to compensate for insulin resistance. Thus, IRS-2 plays a crucial role in the regulation of beta-cell mass. On the other hand, insulin secretion by the same number of cells in response to glucose measured ex vivo was significantly increased in IRS-2-/- mice compared with wild-type mice but was decreased in IRS-1-/- mice. These results suggest that IRS-1 and IRS-2 may play different roles in the regulation of beta-cell mass and the function of individual beta-cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

High frequency of tetraploidy detected in malignant melanoma of Japanese patients by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Aneuploidy and hyperploidy are often detected in malignant melanoma by cytogenetic analysis and flow cytometric analysis of DNA content. To determine the ploidy of cells in surgical specimens of melanin-producing tumors of Japanese patients, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using touch smear technique to count the number of chromosomes 18 and X + Y in interphase nuclei using alpha-satellite DNA probes, D18Z1, DXZ1 and DYZ3. A normal melanocyte strain showed two D18Z1 and two [DXZ1+DYZ3] signals per nucleus, indicating 2N, and a malignant melanoma cell line showed 4 per nucleus, indicating 4N, consistent with results of cytogenetic and flow cytometric analyses. Therefore we employed this FISH method to analyze ploidy of surgical specimens. Specimens obtained from 8 patients with nevus cell nevus showed 2 FISH signals per nucleus. On the other hand, in all specimens obtained from 8 patients with malignant melanoma (6 primary and 2 metastatic melanoma), 65-90% of cells exhibited 4 signals per nucleus, indicating 4N. Histopathologically, 50-70% of cells were identified as malignant melanoma cells, indicating that our FISH method is effective to detect melanoma cells in tissue. We also analyzed allelic loss of the p53 gene by FISH with a p53 locus-specific probe and mutation of the p53 gene by immunostaining since mutation and deletion of the p53 gene may cause hyperploidy. All specimens except one obtained from a case with young-onset metastatic melanoma exhibited no allelic losses or negative p53 staining, showing the p53 gene was intact. These results indicate that tetraploidy, not caused by p53 mutation or deletion, is commonly found in malignant melanoma of Japanese patients. It is also suggested that there is no positive relationship between tetraploidy and poorer prognosis, and mutation and allelic loss of the p53 gene might be markers of aggressive form of malignant melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Anesthetic management of a patient with hemophilia A for left modified Blalock-Taussig shunt].

We gave anesthesia to a patient with hemophilia A for left modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. The patient was a twenty five-day-old boy with pulmonary atresia. We performed the bolus injection test of factor VIII concentrate in preoperative period. His factor VIII activity increased from 9.3 to 113.3% after a bolus injection of 165 units. To keep his factor VIII activity above 80% in perioperative period, a bolus of 125 units of recombinant factor VIII concentrate was injected at anesthesia induction, 125 units 2 hours after the start of the operation, and 125 units 6 hours after the end of the operation. Factor VIII activity 2 hours after anesthesia induction increased only 37.8%, and we had to infuse recombinant factor VIII concentrate additionally. We measured factor VIII activity during operation, and he finally received total of 415 units of factor VIII concentrate. Hydroxyethyl starch infusion, blood transfusion and bleeding in the perioperative period might have caused the factor VIII activity to decrease beyond our expectation. We should infuse factor VIII concentrate properly measuring the factor VIII activity during this operation.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed2000

The alcohol tests for drunken criminals using psychological tests.

In the alcohol test for drunken criminals, we introduced Bender-Gestalt test and Rorschach test for the assessment, and examined their usefulness for the evaluation of intoxication patterns according to Binder's classification. The subjects were 24 drunken criminals who were examined by Mental Hygiene Group, Tsukuba University, for psychiatric evidences. The subjects were divided into the ordinary intoxication group (OI group) and the complicated intoxication group (CI group) on the basis of the behavioral assessment, and the psychological tests were performed before and after drinking. The following results were obtained. 1) Alcohol intoxication induced decrease in R1T, W and VIII + IX + X/R and increase of BGT scores and P%, which indicates that subjects become unable to make comprehensive and delicate responses to the external stimuli. 2) When we classified subjects into increasing and decreasing type on the pattern of changes in the BGT score from before to immediately after drinking in each subject, we found the ratio of increasing type in complicated intoxication is more than in ordinary intoxication significantly. And we found significant group x drinking interaction in F+% and At% of Rorschach test. The F+% significantly decreased only in CI group. The At% in CI group tended upward, but downward in OI group. These findings indicated that complicated intoxication reduced the subject's reality testing, while not in ordinary intoxication. 3) Comparing the effects of personality and intoxication factors in complicated intoxication, intoxication factors were considered to play primary roles. 4) We found association between high BAL and reduction of ego function and imagination, which is represented as significant peak of BALx drinking interaction in the BGT scores, M and FM + m. These observations suggest that the psychological tests as part of the alcohol tests are useful for the evaluation and research of intoxication.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[A case of Down's syndrome associated with testicular seminoma].

Down's syndrome is an inherited disorder caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. In patients with Down's syndrome, an increased risk of leukemia has been observed. Recently, the coincidence of testicular cancer with this syndrome has been also emphasized. We present a case of Down's syndrome associated with testicular seminoma. This is the 19th case of Down's syndrome associated with testicular tumor in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Burkitt's lymphoma occurring as a primary lymphomatous effusion].

A 39-year-old man was admitted with massive ascites. Specimens of ascitic fluid contained numerous cells with a FAB-L3 appearance, and small noncleaved cell lymphoma morphology. These cells expressed CD10, CD19, CD20, CD38, CD45, HLA-DR, and IgM antigens, and were positive for IgM and c-myc protein in cytoplasmic immunostaining tests. Clonal rearrangements of IgH and c-myc genes were detected by Southern blot analysis. No mass lesions were found by physical examination, and systemic computed photography did not reveal enlargement of lymph nodes, spleen, or liver. Bone marrow aspiration showed no infiltration of malignant cells. Ga scintigraphy indicated hot lesions only in the abdomen. These findings suggested that Burkitt's lymphoma had developed in the peritoneal cavity as a primary lymphomatous effusion. Chemotherapy with methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, etoposide, and dexamethasone was effective, and the patient has been free from the disease for 1 year since completion of consolidation treatment with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Therapeutic bronchoscopy for stenotic lesions of central airway].

We retrospectively studied 26 patients with stenotic lesions of the central airway who had undergone bronchoscopic treatment. Thirteen of the patients had malignant tumors, and 13 had benign lesions (1 with post-tracheostomy difficulty in tube retrieval, 2 with bronchial obstruction due to granulation after bronchoplasty, 1 with bronchial stenosis due to granulation after pulmonary lobectomy, 7 with endobronchial foreign bodies, and 2 with hemoptysis). The patients ranged from 5 to 88 years of age with an average of 59.7 years. As a rule, bronchoscopic treatment was performed with endotracheal intubation up to 1993, and with laryngeal mask placement in 1994 and thereafter. Of the 26 eligible patients, 24 (92%) experienced good or excellent outcomes. Emergency bronchoscopy may be useful in treating a variety of emergency airway conditions. Use of a laryngeal mask may benefit emergency patients, including infants and children requiring a secure airway without complications.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Thoracoscopic major lung resection using a newly developed instrument retraction system and a voice-controlled robot].

We report a case of thoracoscopic major lung resection using a newly-developed instrument retraction system and a voice-controlled robot for lung cancer in a 72-year-old woman. The patient was referred to our department for further examination of an abnormal shadow on chest x-ray. A chest computed tomographic scan indicated a suspicion of malignancy. Bronchoscopic brush cytology revealed a lung cancer. Thoracoscopic middle lobectomy of the right lung with dissection of the mediastinal lymphnodes was successfully performed without a human assistance with no complications. The postoperative course was uneventful. Thoracoscopic major lung resection using an instrument retraction system and a voice-controlled robot may be feasible in selected cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

[Successful treatment for descending necrotizing mediastinitis: a case report].

A 21-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of high fever, neck swelling, and dyspnea. She was diagnosed as descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) extended from odontogenic infection. On the day of admission, she underwent cervical drainage. Next day, the CT scan showed an abscess below the tracheal bifurcation and bilateral pleural effusion. Mediastinal drainage was performed through a right thoracotomy, and a left thoracic tube was inserted. Anaerobic Peptostreptococcus was found with bacteriological culture. After the mediastinal drainage, bilateral thoracic irrigation was performed through the thoracic tubes. Left thoracic tube was removed on the 8th day and right one was removed on the 20th day after the thoracotomy. She was discharged on the 42nd day. DNM is relatively rare, but it is lethal disease with high mortality. Immediate and sufficient mediastinal drainage is indispensable for the disease.

Abscess↗
PubMed2000

Reminiscence therapy using odor in alcohol-dependent patients--psychophysiological evaluation and psychological evaluation; power spectral analysis of heart rate variability.

OBJECTIVE: This research was based on the hypothesis that when alcohol-dependent patients describe themselves, awakening of emotion by affirmative odor stimulation may facilitate memory reframing focusing on more affirmative emotion and memories. To prove the hypothesis, physiological changes accompanied by emotional awakening were evaluated by measuring the autonomic activity. In addition, subjective evaluation by a self-report manner was examined to investigate the effectiveness of Reminiscence Therapy (RT) using odor in alcohol-dependent patients. SUBJECTS: Thirty-four patients who met the DSM-IV criteria of alcohol-related disorders and were hospitalized in a ward specialized to alcohol dependence therapy. METHODS: Each patient underwent a one-to-one interview twice. For counterbalance, one interview was performed with odor stimulation using an odor with a relaxing effect that recall pleasant emotion, and the other was without odor stimulation. As the evaluation indices of physiological changes accompanied by emotional awakening, index of autonomic function (HRV; Heart rate variability) for objective evaluation and psychological indices (STAI; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory VAS; Visual Analog Scale) for subjective evaluation were measured. RESULTS: 1) Objective evaluation: Regarding the evaluation index of the autonomic function, the sympathetic nervous system activity (LF/HF; low frequency component/high frequency component ratio) was significantly inhibited by odor stimulation (p < 0.05). 2) Subjective evaluation: Compared to the state prior to interview, state anxiety judged by STAI was significantly decreased after interview (p < 0.01). The VAS score was significantly decreased after interview regardless of the presence or absence of odor stimulation (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A reduction in state anxiety was observed. The effect of odor was not significant on the subjective evaluation, but the objective evaluation suggested that the odor inhibited the sympathetic nervous system. Thus, it was suggested that odor can be used in RT, that is, emotional changes due to stimulation of odor may be applicable in RT.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effects of NKH477 on renal nerve stimulation-induced responses in anesthetized dogs.

We evaluated the effects of an adenylate cyclase activator, N, N-dimetyl-beta-alanine[3R-(3alpha,4alphabeta,5beta+ ++,6beta,6aalpha, 10alpha,10abeta,10balpha)]-5(acetyloxy)-3-eth enyldodecahydro-10, 10b-dihydroxy-3,4a,7,7,10a-pentamethyl-1-oxo-1H-naphtho[2, 1-b]pyran-6-yl ester hydrochloride (NKH477), on neural control of renal functions in anesthetized dogs. Renal nerve stimulation (2 Hz) increased renal norepinephrine efflux and reduced renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, urine flow rate, urinary Na(+) excretion and fractional Na(+) excretion. Intrarenal arterial infusion of NKH477 (300 ng/kg/min) suppressed the stimulation-induced reductions in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate and attenuated the reductions in urine flow rate and urinary Na(+) excretion but not the changes in renal norepinephrine efflux and fractional Na(+) excretion. Infusion of NKH477 did not affect the urinary responses induced by renal nerve stimulation at a lower frequency (0.5-1 Hz) which had little influence on renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. The present results demonstrate that NKH477 inhibits renal vasoconstriction and hypofiltration but not the enhanced tubular Na(+) reabsorption during activation of the renal sympathetic nervous system.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1999

Role of calcium channels in catecholamine secretion in the rat adrenal gland.

1. We elucidated the contribution of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels to cholinergic control of catecholamine secretion in the isolated perfused rat adrenal gland. 2. Nifedipine (0.3-3 microM) inhibited increases in noradrenaline output induced by transmural electrical stimulation (1-10 Hz) and acetylcholine (6-200 microM), whereas it only slightly inhibited the adrenaline output responses. Nifedipine also inhibited the catecholamine output response induced by 1, 1-dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazinium (DMPP; 5-40 microM) but not by methacholine (10-300 microM). 3. omega-Conotoxin MVIIC (10-1000 nM) inhibited the catecholamine output responses induced by electrical stimulation but not by acetylcholine, DMPP and methacholine. 4. omega-Conotoxin GVIA (50-500 nM) had no inhibitory effect on the catecholamine output responses. 5. These results suggest that L-type Ca2+ channels are responsible for adrenal catecholamine secretion mediated by nicotinic receptors but not by muscarinic receptors, and that their contribution to noradrenaline secretion may be greater than that to adrenaline secretion. P/Q-type Ca2+ channels may control the secretion at a presynaptic site.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1999

Phenotypic consequence of the gene abnormality in the platelet glycoprotein IX gene observed in a patient with Bernard-Soulier syndrome through mammalian cell expression system.

We previously reported a patient with Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) who had a homozygous missense mutation in the GPIX gene Phe55 (TTT) to Ser (TCT) replacement in the leucine-rich motif (LRM) of the GPIX polypeptide, as a probable cause of BSS phenotype. To study the effect of this mutation on the surface expression of the GPIb/IX complex and GPIX, we introduced this mutation into the cDNA of GPIX by site-directed mutagenesis and performed in vitro transfection studies with plasmid for mutant GPIX and other plasmids for GPIb/IX complex. Mutant GPIX could not increase the surface expression of GPIb-alpha, but also surface expression of GPIX itself. Immunostaining of the CHO-K1 cells transfected with two plasmids for mutant GPIX and GPIb-beta showed that mutant GPIX was weakly but certainly detected in the cytoplasm of the transfected cells. These findings indicate that this substitution is responsible for BSS phenotype and that the LRM of GPIX is a critically important element for an efficient expression of the GPIb/IX complex. They also suggest that the failure of GPIb/IX complex expression can be caused by a mechanism other than synthetic defect of the mutant protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Caspase-mediated cleavage of eukaryotic translation initiation factor subunit 2alpha.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF-2alpha), a target molecule of the interferon-inducible double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), was cleaved in apoptotic Saos-2 cells on treatment with poly(I).poly(C) or tumour necrosis factor alpha. This cleavage occurred with a time course similar to that of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a well-known caspase substrate. In addition, eIF-2alpha was cleaved by recombinant active caspase-3 in vitro. By site-directed mutagenesis, the cleavage site was mapped to an Ala-Glu-Val-Asp(300) downward arrowGly(301) sequence located in the C-terminal portion of eIF-2alpha. PKR phosphorylates eIF-2alpha on Ser(51), resulting in the suppression of protein synthesis. PKR-mediated translational suppression was repressed when the C-terminally cleaved product of eIF-2alpha was overexpressed in Saos-2 cells, even though PKR can phosphorylate this cleaved product. These results suggest that caspase-3 or related protease(s) can modulate the efficiency of protein synthesis by cleaving the alpha subunit of eIF-2, a key component in the initiation of translation.

Apoptosis↗