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Biomedical subjects

S Sanyal

Publications and source records attributed to S Sanyal.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Fallacies of the fine needle aspiration cytology of surgical lesions of liver.

Seventy-six cases of surgical hepatomegaly were subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for initial diagnosis. Primary malignancies, as suspected clinically with adjunction of other investigative procedures, were 29 cases of whom 25 were confirmed by biopsy or therapy. Secondary deposits in liver were 27 of whom 15 were confirmed by therapy. Inflammatory lesions were 9 of whom 6 were confirmed by therapeutic response with specific therapy. Benign lesions were 10 of whom 5 were confirmed by surgery. Diagnosis of malignancies of liver is rather easier than that of benign lesions like hydatid cysts of liver which were Casoni's test negative; and hepatocellular adenoma, as the aspirate in the former is clear fluid and that of the latter is only normal looking liver cells. Thus, in respect of benign lesions of liver, FNAC diagnosis may be clinched after due consideration to the clinical findings, radiological and ultrasonographic findings and ultimately confirmed by exploration. Thus the fallacy lies in aspiration of normal looking liver cells whereby the histology may prove it to be hepatocellular adenoma, well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma and secondary deposits where the exact site has not been hit. Ultrasonogram (USG) guidance helps in these cases where the same facility is available. This fallacy can again be avoided, where USG guidance is not available, by imparting due importance to clinical findings, USG findings and also by repeat smear.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1994

Humoral immunity response in malignancies with special reference to the effect of radiotherapy.

In view of the variability in the findings recorded by different authors in the level of immunoglobulins in patients suffering from malignancies, a study on 34 cases of six types of malignancies treated with radiotherapy (telecobalt and telecesium) was carried out to record the humoral response and also to compare the response during radiotherapy and after radiotherapy in these cases. Serum of 20 age-matched normal volunteers served as normal control. The study recorded that the pretherapy levels of IgA and IgG were raised in most of the cases; but the IgM was decreased than that of the control level. This is probably due to the fact that the selective clones of cells producing different types of immunoglobulins are responding to the malignancies in different ways. The midtherapy level of all immunoglobulins showed the value lower than the pretherapy level, but recovery was observed in the post-therapy period with all immunoglobulins in all the cases irrespective of the histological types of malignancies. It was also apparent from this study that the post-therapy gain in the level of immunoglobulins over midtherapy level was more pronounced in cases having telecobalt therapy. Assessment of humoral response in 25 patients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of different grades revealed that the midtherapy fall and subsequent post-therapy gain had no definite correlation with grading.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

99Tcm-cystine, a renal function and imaging agent: a comparative study in dog with 131I-hippurate and 99Tcm-glucoheptonate to evaluate its functional and imaging characteristics.

99Tcm-cystine, which has been proposed as a renal radiopharmaceutical for evaluating renal morphology and function in a single experiment, is compared with 131I-orthoiodohippurate (OIH) with respect to its renal clearance and extraction parameters and with 99Tcm-glucoheptonate (GHA) regarding its imaging characteristics. In spite of its comparable renal accumulation with 131I-OIH, its clearance (10.1 +/- 1.0 ml min-1 kg-1) was lower than that of 131I-OIH (21.5 +/- 0.9 ml min-1 kg-1) but was higher than that of 125I-iothalamate (5.4 +/- 0.6 ml min-1 kg-1). Extraction efficiencies of 99Tcm-cystine, 131I-OIH and 125I-iothalamate were 39 +/- 5, 64 +/- 4 and 27 +/- 3, respectively. The glomerular filtration components of 99Tcm-cystine and 131I-OIH were 26 and 16% of their respective clearances. In probenecid-treated animals the clearance of both agents was affected to a similar extent and fell to half of their respective control values, whereas tubular secretory components were found to be 19 and 31% of the controls. The kidney images obtained with 99Tcm-cystine were superior to those obtained with 99Tcm-GHA at different time points. Therefore, considering both renal function and imaging properties of 99Tcm-cystine it appears that this radiopharmaceutical offers some definite advantages over the currently available renal agents and commands further study.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Synaptic plasticity in the rod terminals after partial photoreceptor cell loss in the heterozygous rds mutant mouse.

In the retina of mice heterozygous for the retinal degeneration slow gene (rds/+) the photoreceptor cells, both rods and cones, develop abnormal outer segments but establish normal synaptic contacts. The other retinal layers also show normal structural organization. Starting from the age of 2 months, a very slow loss of photoreceptor cells progresses throughout life. As a result, the photoreceptor cell population in the retina of the affected mice is reduced to less than half at the age of 9-18 months. In some of the surviving rod terminals during this period, an increase in the number of synaptic ribbons is recorded. At the same time, the profiles of processes originating from the second order neurons and participating in these synapses are also increased in number so that the multiple ribbons appear as centres of multiple synaptic sites. Morphometric measurements of the perimeter of the synaptic profiles in rod terminals show a significant increase in the rds/+ retina over that of the control retina. Observations based on serial electron microscopy indicate that multiple synaptic sites are developed while the number of the second order neuronal processes, entering the terminals, remains unchanged. The frequency of terminals with multiple synapses in the rds/+ retina increases with progressive photoreceptor cell loss. Similar changes do not occur in the terminals of the cones. It is postulated that loss of some rod photoreceptor cells within a group that is presynaptic to common bipolars or horizontal cells results in partial deafferentation which in turn stimulates the growth of the remaining synaptic elements. The possible compensatory effect and functional significance of such synaptic growth are discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Photoreceptor-specific mRNAs in mice carrying different allelic combinations at the rd and rds loci.

Several retinal mRNAs encoding photoreceptor-specific proteins have been examined in congenic lines of mice carrying different allelic combinations at the rd and rds loci, to determine how mRNA expression is affected by the presence of both the rd and rds genes together or by the presence of one or two rd and rds alleles in the visual cells. Slot blots with retinal RNA from 9 to 30 days old C3H +/+, +/+; rd/+, +/+; rd/rd, +/+; +/+, +/rds; +/+, rds/rds; and the rd/rd, rds/rds double homozygous mutant mice were hybridized successively to several [32P]cDNA probes encoding proteins involved in phototransduction. The increases and decreases in the levels of mRNA coding for opsin, the alpha-subunit of transducin, 48 kDa protein and the beta-subunit of cGMP-phosphodiesterase in the heterozygous and homozygous rds and rd mouse retinas reflected the growth and degeneration of the photoreceptor cells. The heterozygous rd mouse (rd/+, +/+) retina expressed cGMP-phosphodiesterase beta mRNA levels halfway between those in the control (+/+, +/+) and homozygous (rd/rd, +/+) mice, indicating a possible dosage effect. The double homozygous mutant (rd/rd, rds/rds) showed intermediate levels between those observed in the two homozygotes for all mRNAs studied, suggesting a possible interaction between the rd and rds genes.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

Compensatory synaptic growth in the rod terminals as a sequel to partial photoreceptor cell loss in the retina of chimaeric mice.

In the retina of chimaeric mice of rd and wild-type genotypic combination, selective loss of rd/rd photoreceptor cells, after initial development, leads to a mosaic retina with variable amounts of normal photoreceptor cells present over the retinal surface. In some of the rod terminals of these retinas the synaptic complexes with the second order retinal neurons are seen to contain multiple synaptic ribbons and an increased number of profiles of the postsynaptic elements. These changes are observed only in the rod terminals and not in the cone pedicles. Computer aided three-dimensional reconstruction of the altered synapses shows that these changes result from an increase in the number of synaptic sites, characterized by multiplication of the synaptic ribbons and enlargement of the second order neuronal processes. A quantitative analysis of such synapses, based on serial electron micrographs, shows that these are most frequently located in the retinal regions of the chimaeric individuals that have suffered maximum photoreceptor cell loss. Thus synaptic growth appears to take place as a reaction to the reduction of afferent input to the postsynaptic components. These findings demonstrate persistent synaptic plasticity in the rod terminals of mammalian retina during the maturational phase of late postnatal development. Compensatory synaptic growth in the rod terminals, as recorded here, can have important implications for the maintenance of visual sensitivity in the diseased or ageing retina.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Myocardial changes in neonates dying of asphyxia neonatorum.

Ten neonates, asphyxiated at birth, were studied by Apgar score, ECG ischaemic score grading (ECGisg), Cardiothoracic (CT) ratio, biochemical parameters like CPK, CPK-MB fraction during life; and they were subjected to postmortem study with particular attention to the changes in the heart. The study revealed that 7 out of 10 asphyxiated neonates showed variable evidences of myocardial damage; but the extent of damage though well correlated with biochemical parameters, did not correspond well with the extent of asphyxia and the survival period. In rest 3 cases, myocardial damage was not overt though there was evidence of asphyxia and evidence of myocardial damage in the form of elevated CPK-MB level. These patients probably had died of "Biochemical Lesion" as described by Rudolf Peter.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1992

Chloramphenicol resistant Salmonella typhi: the cause of recent out-break of enteric fever in Calcutta.

Fifty one strains of Salmonella typhi were isolated during the recent outbreak of enteric fever in and around Calcutta. Forty strains were multidrug resistant including Chloramphenicol. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Chloramphenicol was between 200 mcg per ml and 500 mcg per ml. All these strains were sensitive to Cephalexine, Gentamicin, Furazolidine and Ciproflexacin. Widal test was done in all the cases but the result was inconclusive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Humoral immunity status in patients with complicated pregnancies.

Serum immunoglobulin levels of 136 females inclusive of 20 non-pregnant volunteers, 21 normal pregnant mothers and 95 cases with complicated pregnancies were studied by radial immunodiffusion technique. Compared to normal western values immunoglobulin M levels were higher in 132 out of total 136 cases, immunoglobulin G levels were higher in 65 out of 95 cases with complicated pregnancies the majority of which included cases of eclampsia (16 cases), pre-eclamptic toxaemia (21 cases) and pre-eclamptic toxaemia with antepartum haemorrhage (11 cases) and immunoglobulin A levels were normal in all except 11 cases comprising normal pregnancy (1 case), eclampsia (3 cases), pre-eclamptic toxaemia (5 cases) and pregnancy with hypertension (2 cases).

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1992

Anti-amoebic antibody levels in gastro-intestinal disorders.

Serum anti-amoebic antibody levels were studied in 91 cases having clinical presentation of bowel disorders and 31 cases of control. Anti-amoebic antibody was positive in significant dilutions in 38 cases (31.15%) in total comprising 9 cases out of 22 cases showing presence of Ent histolytica cyst in stool, 13 cases who were positive for ova, parasite and cysts other than Ent histolytica in stool and 16 cases out of 70 cases with negative stool findings. It was positive in 5 cases out of 9 diagnosed cases of amoebic liver abscess. Assessment of immunoglobulin levels in amoebic liver abscess cases revealed high levels of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1991

Effects of embelin, a male antifertility agent, on absorptive and digestive functions of rat intestine.

Oral administration of embelin (75 mg/kg per day, daily for 15 and 30 days) to male rats caused significant elevation in the uptake of D-glucose, L-alanine, L-leucine and calcium in small intestinal segments. Embelin also produced significant increases in intestinal brush border membrane-associated enzymes (sucrase, lactase, maltase, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase) in both intestinal homogenates and partially purified brush border membrane preparations. Significant increases were also noted for microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase and cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase. Increase in brush border membrane-associated total lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, unesterified fatty acids and ganglioside sialic acid were seen but not in the cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio. All these changes returned to control or near control levels following withdrawal of the drug.

Administration, Oral↗