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S Sans

Publications and source records attributed to S Sans.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Recruitment methods and differences in early, late and non-respondents in the first MONICA-Catalonia population survey.

The early response rate in the first MONICA-Catalonia population survey was 52.7% and the final response rate was 73.8%. The intensity of recruitment effort in this survey led to a considerable increase in response rate (20%), with the extra cost per late respondent being relatively low ($13.9). Added recruitment effort was most effective in the youngest age group, 25-34 years. It was also more effective among women living in urban areas than among those from rural areas. In men, early respondents had a higher proportion of smokers than late respondents, and in women, early respondents had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels and were more aware of their history of high blood pressure than late respondents. Non-respondents were less educated than respondents in both sexes, and this was more marked in women. No differences were found in the proportion of smokers between respondents and non-respondents. Respondents were more aware of their high blood pressure history than non-respondents. The recruitment costs and distribution of non-response components are given.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Coronary heart disease mortality trends and related factors in Spain.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rate in Spain is relatively low, but showed an annual increase of 6.2% for men and of 4.2% for women between 1968 and 1977. There are marked differences in CHD mortality rate between regions. Although there is little data available on the prevalence and trends of CHD risk factors, these data seem to suggest a relatively high level of the main risk factors and a tendency toward adverse development. Socioeconomic and sociocultural changes due to a fast industrial development followed by an economic crisis with high rates of unemployment may produce an unpredictable change in CHD trends in the next years.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Secular trends in smoking according to educational level between 1986 and 1996: The MONICA study. Catalonia].

OBJECTIVE: To describe trends from 1986-1996 in the prevalence of cigarette smoking between ages 25 to 64 in the MONICA-Catalonia study, according to educational level, and to validate these trends biochemically. METHODS: Three cross-sectional surveys in independent random samples of the general population of central Catalonia area carried out in 1986-88, 1990-92 and 1994-96 following the World Health Organization's MONICA protocol. Serum thiocyanate was determined by the Bowler method. RESULTS: A total of 2,571, 2,934 and 3,485 men and women were examined with response rates of 74, 67 and 72% in each survey respectively. The age-adjusted cigarette smoking prevalence decreased in men by 5.1% (95% CI: 1.5 to 8.7) and increased in women by +8.5% (95% CI: +5.6 to +11.4). The prevalence was 46.5% in men and 23.9% in women in 1994-96. The greatest decrease was in men aged 55-64 (9.9%) and the greatest increase was in women aged 35-44 (+14.8%). These trends were confirmed by serum thiocyanate levels, which decreased from 78.9 to 73.9 μmol/l (p = 0.07) in men and increased from 43.7 to 49.8 μmol/l (p < 0.01) in women during the study period. Cigarette smoking increased in less educated women (+10%) and decreased in university women (6%), while cigarette smoking in men decreased irrespective of educational level. Serum thiocyanate levels confirmed the relationship with educational level. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cigarette smoking decreased in men between 1986 and 1996 but remained high in 1996. Women showed a pattern of progressive adoption of smoking, especially those with lower educational level.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevalence of drug utilization in the adult population of Catalonia, Spain].

OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of drug utilization according to sociodemographic factors and self-perceived health in the adult population. METHODS: Cross-sectional health survey of the CRONICAT/MONICA-Catalonia study carried out in 1994-96 in a random sample of the general population aged 25-64 years. A total of 3,421 participants (72% response rate) were interviewed about drug consumption in the previous two weeks with an open questionnaire. The participants were also asked about other health habits. Drugs were subsequently classified according to the ATC classification (1993 version). RESULTS: A higher proportion of women (38%) than men (26%) self-perceived poor health status (p < 0.001). Age-adjusted total drug utilization was 57% in men (95%CI: 55-59) and 76% in women (95%CI: 74-78). Excluding contraceptives, regular drug utilization was 35% in men (95%CI: 33-37) and 48% in women (95%CI: 46-51). Twenty-nine percent of men and 48% of women (p < 0.001) took more than one drug. Neither educational level nor marital status influenced drug utilization. Among men, drug consumption was higher in retired individuals and pensioners (68%; 95%CI: 62-74) than in active workers (54%; 95%CI: 52-57). The most frequently used drugs were those for the nervous system (35% men and 51% women; p < 0.001), alimentary tract (15%) and the cardiovascular system (9% and 13%; p < 0.001). Most drugs (40%) were prescribed by specialists and one quarter was self-prescribed. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of total drug utilization in the adult population of Catalonia is high, specially among women, who self-perceived worse health status. Policies of rationalization of drug expenditures should take the epidemiological pattern into account.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CASCADE: a European collaborative study on vascular determinants of brain lesions. Study design and objectives.

Dementia is a highly prevalent disease that may have a cardiovascular component. White matter lesions and brain atrophy (brain abnormalities) are prevalent in dementia cases and might form part of the anatomical basis for the disease. We designed a multi-centre study, CASCADE (Cardiovascular Determinants of Dementia), to examine long-term (10-20 years) and short-term (5 years) cardiovascular risk factors for, and the cognitive consequence of, brain abnormalities. White matter lesions and atrophy are measured with magnetic resonance imaging. Cognitive function is measured with nine tests of memory and executive function. The studies included in CASCADE were ongoing and geographically spread throughout Europe to capture the cardiovascular risk gradient. In each study, a random sample of at least 100 subjects aged 65-75 years was selected who participated in the previous research examinations conducted by the respective centres. The objectives and design of the CASCADE project are described.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spirometric reference values from a Mediterranean population.

Maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves were measured in 1044 healthy nonsmoking volunteers living in the Barcelona area, as part of a larger interhospital project to obtain reference values of pulmonary function tests. Forced vital capacity (FVC), one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, %, forced maximal mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75%), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) and maximal expiratory flow at 50 and 75% of FVC (MEF50% and MEF25% respectively) were obtained and expressed at BTPS conditions. Techniques and equipments followed both the recommendations of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and of the European Community for Coal and Steel (ECCS). Prediction equations for age 20 through 70 were calculated for both sexes from a final sample composed of 870 adult subjects, 443 males and 427 females. Simple linear equations using height, age and body weight predicted all spirometric variables as well as more complex equations except MEF25%. Logarithmic equations were proposed for MEF25% to correct for the heteroscedasticity shown in a simple linear model. To our knowledge, this study provides reliable spirometric equations from a large urban Mediterranean sample which were lacking so far in the literature.

Adolescent↗