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Biomedical subjects

S Sandberg

Publications and source records attributed to S Sandberg.

135 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Psychiatric disorder in children with birth anomalies. A retrospective follow-up study.

A group of 273 children and adolescents, aged 8 to 19 years, who had been treated for a congenital malformation during their 1st month of life, were studied using psychiatric interviews with the child and at least one of his parents. The child was also given a Wechsler intelligence test. The rate of psychopathological disturbance was as high as 49% (the classification used included organic brain disorder and mental retardation). Developmental deviations, psychoneurotic disorder and reactive disorder were the commonest types of disturbance (in 18, 17, and 11% respectively). Eleven percent were suffering from organic brain disorder and 8% had an IQ of no more than 50. The malformed children were compared with 509 children from the general population in terms of behaviour disturbance as rated by their teacher. Approximately one child in five in both groups presented behaviour problems, and behaviour was labelled as antisocial in 10% of children in both groups. The two groups of children did not differ significantly in regard to the family's social class, annual income, father's educational background, or the number of children in the family, but the parents of the malformed children had recieved psychiatric treatment more often than the control group parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is placenta a good indicator of cadmium and lead exposure?

Distribution of lead and cadmium was studied in 25 placentas. Samples were taken from 6 different lobuli, and lead and cadmium concentrations were not determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Lead and cadmium were not distributed uniformly, and the concentrations differed by a factor > or = 2 among different lobuli within the same placenta in 36% and 52% of the placentas, respectively. Placental lead and cadmium concentrations were also determined in homogenized samples from smelter (n = 49) and control (n = 53) areas in northern Sweden. Mean lead and cadmium concentrations were low, even in the smelter area (geometric means = 10 ng/g and 3 ng/g wet weight, respectively). The significant differences observed (i.e., higher blood lead concentrations in the smelter area during pregnancy and in umbilical cord blood) were not reflected in the placenta. We concluded, therefore, that the placenta is not a suitable organ to use for the monitoring of environmental exposure to lead. It could be used to monitor cadmium exposure, but if pregnancy outcome is to be studied, consideration should be given to the sampling procedure.

Cadmium↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inattentive behavior in childhood: epidemiology and implications for development.

Poor concentration is a relatively common childhood problem. The current North American psychiatric diagnostic classification system (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition; DSM-IV), American Psychological Association, 1994) differentiates children whose problems are distinguished primarily by symptoms of inattention (ADHD-I) from those whose difficulties are characterized by overactive, impulsive behavior by providing various subtypes within a broad diagnostic category. Yet, comparatively little is known about children who exhibit purely inattentive behavior. This study aims to redress this issue by using a large, community-based, epidemiological sample of 7-year-old children to compare the developmental functioning, social, and environmental backgrounds of children with pure inattentive behavior to that of children with pure overactive behavior and combined problems of inattentive and overactive behavior. Five hypotheses, centered on the validity of distinguishing inattentive behavior from overactivity, are tested. Children with pure inattentive behavior were more likely to have general cognitive delays, particularly in the area of language development, and were more likely to come from a family in which the father was of low occupational status. The results are discussed in relation to the implications for research and the identification of needs and intervention with children who exhibit pure inattentive behavior.

Attention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hinged cast after knee ligament surgery.

One hundred thirteen patients scheduled for repair of knee ligament injuries were randomized to postoperative immobilization in either a hinged or a long leg cast. The time of disability (i.e., sick leave) was significantly shorter (6 weeks) with a hinged cast, but only in ACL cases. All types of injuries regained their range of motion more rapidly after use of a hinged cast. There was no evidence that the motion permitted in a hinged cast hampers the result as regards to stability.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypoxia does not occur during temporary storage of vein grafts in air-equilibrated solutions.

Vein autografts are commonly stored temporarily in heparinized blood or electrolyte solution with contact to air. As O2 and CO2 may not diffuse freely through the vein wall, and the vein itself may consume O2 and produce CO2, the gas tensions may be different inside a closed vein, and might be expected to be different depending on whether blood or electrolyte solution is used as a storage medium. Closed segments of human saphenous vein, containing saline or blood were used to study whether hypoxia and/or hypercapnia develops during one hour of storage. Neither hypoxia nor hypercapnia was found and it could be calculated that neither would be expected even in collapsed veins. The highest number of endothelial cells with protrusion or craters (an expression of injury) were found in blood-stored veins. Our findings show that hypoxia is not a cause of endothelial cell injury during vein storage, and indicate that endothelial damage is more pronounced in blood-stored veins than in saline-stored veins.

Blood↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circadian phase relationships between peripheral blood variables and bone marrow proliferative activity in clinical health.

Potential life-threatening drug induced side effects to the bone marrow (BM) may be reduced by the proper timing of chemotherapy (chronotherapy) according to circadian stage. Blood and BM samples were obtained concomitantly every 4h for 24h from 16 healthy men (19 series total) to compare circadian patterns in peripheral blood (PB) as reference rhythms for BM DNA. Circadian rhythm characteristics from population mean cosinor summary follow (phi = acrophase): in PB: cortisol, p = 0.014, phi = 13:04h; leukocytes (/mm3), p = 0.001, phi = 00:16h; neutrophils (%WBC), p = 0.001, phi = 15:36h; neutrophils (/mm3), p = 0.101, phi = 22:36h; lymphocytes (%WBC), p = 0.009, phi = 03:24h; lymphocytes (/mm3), p = 0.001, phi = 0.1:40h; in BM:DNA, p = 0.014, phi = 13:04h; and CFU-GM, p = 0.041, phi = 13:12h. When all DNA synthesis (S-phase) values were correlated with PB values by repeatedly advancing the DNA values by 4h, significant correlations with cortisol were found by advancing S-phase by 8h (r = 0.19, p = 0.050). Lymphocytes correlated best with S-phase when shifted by 12h (r = 0.37, p < 0.001), while neutrophils as % of leukocytes (but not absolute counts) correlated significantly when S-phase was delayed by 4h (r = 0.35, p < 0.001). These correlations confirm the phase relationships determined for the circadian rhythms. These findings suggest that the proper timing of an optimized anticancer cytotoxic chronotherapy can be confirmed and guided via sampling of marker rhythms (such as lymphocytes) in peripheral blood which have been found to demonstrate a relatively fixed relation to the circadian stage-dependent variation in unaffected BM proliferative activity.

Adult↗