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Biomedical subjects

S Salmeron

Publications and source records attributed to S Salmeron.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Abnormal chromatin clumping in granulocytes in a case of Ph1-negative, BCR-ABL rearrangement positive, haematologically atypical chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML).

In the present study, we report the case of a patient displaying an abnormal chromatin clumping (ACC) syndrome, a rare disease which shares features with both myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic disorders. Although various non specific cytogenetic abnormalities have been observed in ACC, the presence of a Ph1 chromosome has not been reported. In our patient, despite a lack of Ph1, PCR analysis of blood and bone marrow samples revealed a BCR-ABL rearrangement. These results indicate that at least some cases of ACC syndrome could represent a form of Ph1-negative chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Isometric relaxation of isolated diaphragm muscle: influence of load, length, time, and stimulation.

Determinants of the isometric relaxation rate were investigated in isolated rat diaphragm (n = 30). We tested the hypothesis that these determinants could include loading conditions, namely preload and afterload; abrupt changes in load during the contraction phase; stimulation conditions; and time. Two relaxation sequences were studied. When isometric relaxation occurred at initial muscle length (isotonic-isometric sequence), an increase in total load (P) accelerated the negative peak rate of tension decline (-dP/dtmax). Variations in initial length, stimulation, and onset of relaxation did not modify the -dP/dtmax vs. afterload relationship. When isometric relaxation was analyzed after -dP/dtmax, for a given afterload level the instantaneous rate of tension decline (-dP/dt) was a unique function of instantaneous tension, regardless of previous loading conditions, stimulation mode, or time. When the isometric relaxation occurred at end-shortening muscle length (isometric-isotonic sequence), the -dP/dtmax vs. P relationship was flat. The rate of tension decay, as attested by either -dP/dtmax or instantaneous -dP/dt vs. instantaneous tension phase plane, differed markedly depending on stimulation conditions. Thus the regulation of isometric relaxation rate differed according to the relaxation sequence. In muscle isometrically relaxing at initial muscle length, peak isometric relaxation rate was mainly determined by afterload. Conversely, in muscle isometrically relaxing at end-shortening length, isometric relaxation rate was highly dependent on the level of activation and was independent of preload and afterload.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Nebulized versus intravenous albuterol in hypercapnic acute asthma. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized study.

In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the effects of nebulized (5 mg x 2) and intravenous (0.5 mg) albuterol (salbutamol) over 1 h in 47 patients admitted to hospital with severe acute asthma defined as a peak expiratory flow (PEF) below 150 L/min and hypercapnia (Pa(CO2) > or = 40 mm Hg). Additional treatment included nasal oxygen and hydrocortisone succinate. The efficacy was assessed after 1 h. In the group treated by nebulization (NEB group, n = 22) 19 (86%) patients (95% confidence interval: 65 to 97%) had been treated successfully according to predefined criteria, versus 12 (48%) patients (95% confidence interval: 28 to 69%) in the intravenously treated group (i.v. group, n = 25), p = 0.006. The mean increase in PEF was greater in the NEB group than in the i.v. group (+107 +/- 94 L/min versus +42 +/- 66 L/min, p = 0.01) as well as the decrease in Pa(CO2) values (-10 +/- 5 mm Hg versus -2 +/- 12 mm Hg, p < 0.01). Beta agonist-induced hypokalemia was more pronounced in the i.v. group than in the NEB group. We conclude that, in hypercapnic acute asthma, the nebulized route has a greater efficacy and fewer side effects than the intravenous route.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux in chronic asthma].

In order to study risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux (RGO), we have analysed the clinical particulars, the spirometry and the different therapies of chronic asthmatics with and without RGO. RGO has been studied using 24 hour pH manometry in 53 patients suffering from chronic asthma. 70% of these patients had RGO, defined as oesophageal pH below 4, for 4.2% or more of the total time. The only predictive factor for the presence of RGO (log regression) was the dose of theophylline (P is equal to 0.02) whose average dose was higher in cases of RGO (9.1 plus or minus 2.3 mg/kg against 6.3 plus or minus 1.7 mg/kg, P is less than 0.03). Although the severity of the asthma and the spirometric parameters were similar. On the other hand, the severity of RGO, assessed as the percentage of the total time passed with a pH below 4 or correlated (multiple regression) with longevity of the disease (P is equal to 0.02) and the dose of theophylline (P is equal to 0.001). These results suggest that the treatment with theophylline and the duration of the asthma could constitute risk factors for RGO in chronic asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Acute infectious pneumopathies in adults: methods of identifying the causative agent].

Many sampling methods have been proposed to make a bacteriological diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. The diagnostic accuracy of these methods depend upon technical constraints which are hardly obtainable in real world situations. In hospitals, close cooperation between clinicians and bacteriologists can help improve the reliability of these techniques, but in current practice the benefits of bacteriological identification often compete with the empirical therapeutic approach. This approach must remain within defined limits, since its uncontrolled widening can lead to major drawbacks. Whenever possible, bacteriological identification of the offending organism must be of concern.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

High doses of inhaled corticosteroids in unstable chronic asthma. A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study, inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) 1,500 micrograms/day was compared to placebo in 43 chronic asthmatic patients uncontrolled by inhaled salbutamol and oral theophylline. During the prestudy period, a test of maximal steroid reversibility with oral prednisolone 0.5 mg/kg/day for 14 days was performed. The therapeutic response was measured over an 8-wk period as the ability to maintain the clinical improvement and the optimal pulmonary function induced by prednisolone. During the study, severe asthma exacerbation occurred in one (5%) of the 21 patients who received BDP and in 15 (78%) of the 22 patients who received placebo (p less than 0.001). In patients who received BDP, FEV1 and peak expiratory flow (PEF) remained above the optimal postprednisolone value, with a trend to improvement during the 8-wk study period. In patients who received placebo, FEV1 and PEF decreased and remained below the optimal value. We conclude that, in chronic asthma, inhaled BDP 1,500 micrograms/day maintains the optimal pulmonary function in addition to the clinical benefit induced by a short course of oral corticosteroids.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

Early neutrophil alveolitis after rechallenge in drug induced alveolitis.

A patient with drug induced alveolitis due to an antidepressant drug, nomifensine, is described. After an inadvertent rechallenge by the patient sequential bronchoalveolar lavage was carried out. Twenty four hours after the rechallenge the lavage fluid contained a high cell count with neutrophils predominating. Seven days after challenge the cells were predominantly lymphocytes.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗
PubMed1985

[Sarcoidosis].

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Humans↗