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Biomedical subjects

S Salmaso

Publications and source records attributed to S Salmaso.

87 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antibiotic-resistance in Italy: activity of the first year of the surveillance project AR-ISS].

The antibiotic resistance surveillance project AR-ISS, started in 2001, is based on a network of 62 sentinel microbiological laboratories throughout the country. The laboratories collect and transmit data to the Istituto Superiore di Sanità on the antibiotic susceptibility of bloodstream isolates of 7 species: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis/faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae/oxytoca ed Escherichia coli. They also send selected bacterial strains for further characterization. Results of the first year of surveillance are presented and are compared with data from the previous study EARSS-Italia and from other European countries. Oxacillin resistance in S. aureus appears to be stable, however, it remains one of the highest in Europe (41,5%). No strain with intermediate susceptibility or resistance to vancomycin has been isolated. In S. pneumoniae, the level of penicillin resistance is moderate (10,8%), but macrolide resistance has increased greatly (37,6% versus 28,6% of the previous study), following a tendency common to several European countries. Unexpectedly, vancomycin resistance in E. faecium was found to be 18%, the highest in Europe. Presumptive ESBL production in Gram-negative organisms can be estimated at 20% in Klebsiella and 1% in E. coli. Ampicillin and ciprofloxacin resistance in E. coli (respectively 50% and 18%) are among the highest in Europe. In conclusion, the rate of antibiotic resistance in the species studied is worrisome and requires continuing monitoring. Although some activities of AR-ISS need improvements, the surveillance has the potentiality to produce relevant and representative data about antibiotic resistance in Italy that can be used for comparison at the European level.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical picture of the onset of AIDS in 2911 adults in Italy].

Since 1982, 2911 adult AIDS cases have been officially reported in Italy up to December 31, 1988. The clinical presentation of all cases, reported to the Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, and contained into the National AIDS Register, has been analyzed, with particular attention to opportunistic infections. 168 cases (mainly homosexual men) were found exclusively affected at diagnosis by Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), while the other 2743 patients were affected by opportunistic infections and/or other pathologies. At diagnosis, 23.5% of patients had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), 32% esophageal or pulmonary candidiasis, and 7% cerebral toxoplasmosis. A decrease in frequency of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) diseases has been observed, as well as an increase of HIV encephalopathy from 1982 to 1988. The clinical picture of full-blown AIDS showed stability during the whole period of observation, with slight geographical variations.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of invasive infections with Haemophilus influenzae type b in the world and in Italy].

The incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in the 0-5 years age group has been studied in many countries. In the United States, before the introduction of mass vaccination, the incidence of invasive Hib disease ranged from 7 per 100,000 in the 4-5 years age group to 452 pert 100,000 in the 6-11 months age group. In Europe, the incidence of this disease has been estimated to range from 21 to 60 per 100,000 per year in the 0-5 years age group. Hib infection is mainly transmitted by the respiratory route. Risk factors of the disease include: attending a day-care center, a high number of household members, low socio-economic level, age less than two years, and belonging to certain ethnic groups. Accurate estimates of the incidence of invasive Hib disease do not exist in Italy. Among the 15,601 children participating in the "Progetto Pertosse", a clinical trial for the evaluation of antipertussis vaccines, there occurred six cases of Hib meningitis, one of Hib sepsis, and one of Hib cellulitis. These episodes yield an incidence density of 28.7 per 100,000 person-years in the 2-30 month age group. Incidence data will also need to be collected for children in the 30 months-5 years age group before attempting a cost-benefit analysis with the aim of planning a mass vaccination.

Age Distribution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Vaccinal coverage for measles and pertussis: a study in 7 regions of Italy].

During the year 1993 a series of surveys aimed to estimate the immunization coverage against measles and pertussis have been carried out in seven Italian regions and two large towns (Milan and Naples). Mothers of children aged between 12 and 23 months, randomly selected from the list of newborns, by using the EPI cluster sampling, have been interviewed in order to determine the reasons for absent or incomplete vaccinations. The observed coverage for pertussis ranges between 8% in the Molise region and 71% in the town of Milan; coverage for measles ranges between 9% in the town of Naples and 52% in the region Lombardy. The most commonly reported reason for not-vaccinating for pertussis has been the negative advise given by the caring physician. Immunization against measles has often not been administered because of relative contraindications and the negative advise by the physicians. The coverage for the two non-compulsory vaccinations are low compared to compulsory vaccinations and to the immunization level reported for most European countries, pointing out that further health education is needed for improving the up-take of such voluntary vaccinations.

Adult↗