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Biomedical subjects

S Sakurai

Publications and source records attributed to S Sakurai.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Investigation into the actual condition of outpatients. I. The environmental and oral health status prior to and at the first visit. Comparison of the results between present study and last investigation].

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the actual status of environmental and oral health conditions prior to and at the first visit of the outpatients who visited the pedodontics clinic of Tohoku University Dental Hospital during the period from April 1981 to May 1986, and to compare them with the results of the same kinds of investigation carried out 10 years ago. The subjects were 895 children, with questionnaires being filled out by their mothers. The following results were obtained. 1) As to methods of nursing, breast feedings have increased, while bottle feedings have decreased. The weaning period of almost all of the children was a period between 3 and 6 months of age, as the same as found during the last investigation. 2) The number of children who had eating and drinking habits at bedtime decreased relatively compared with the last investigation. 3) The majority of the children ate between meals twice a day regularly, eating fruits, senbeis (rice crackers), potato chips, and drinking milk frequently. These tendencies in the present study were almost the same as the results of the last investigation. 4) The number of children brushing more than twice a day has been increased compared with the last investigation, and most of them have been brushing their teeth after breakfast and before going to bed. 5) About 87% of the mothers of the patients thought that dental caries are an illness, but 8.9% of them did not. 6) As to caries prevention at home, the majority of the mothers were concerned about tooth-brushing habits and eating habits between meals. In conclusion, this study indicated that concern about oral health of mothers has increased in recent years.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1989

[Investigation into the actual condition of outpatients. II. Correlation between the daily habits of eating and toothbrushing and the prevalence of dental caries incidence].

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the correlation between the daily habits of eating and tooth-brushing and the prevalence of dental caries in the outpatients who visited the Pedodontics Clinic of the Tohoku University Dental Hospital during the period from April 1981 to March 1986. The subjects were 877 individuals with questionnaires which the mothers had filled out. The following findings were obtained. 1) The dft index for children aged 1 year to 6 years in the present investigation was lower than that of the same age group investigated 10 years ago. 2) The dft indicies according to each feeding group were 8.86 in the bottle feeding group, 7.51 in the breast feeding group and 6.77 in the mixed feeding group. 3) The group in which the weaning period was late showed a significantly high dft index. 4) The dft index of the group taking beverages containing sugar before going to bed was significantly higher than that of the group without doing this. 5) The group of patients aged 2 years to 5 years who had between-meal snacks more frequently showed a high dft index. 6) The irregularity of the between-meal eating times caused a high tendency toward caries occurrence. 7) The group having between-meal snacks while playing showed a significantly higher dft index than that of the group having it at a table and not playing. 8) No relation was observed between the frequency of tooth brushing and the dft index.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1989

[A case of intermittent ventricular pre-excitation syndrome with a Mahaim fiber].

A 61 year-old woman with intermittent ventricular pre-excitation syndrome using a Mahaim fiber was reported. The electrocardiogram showed QRS-complex with small delta wave (100 msec in QRS width) or without small delta wave (80 msec in QRS width). On electrophysiological study, during sinus rhythm, A-H interval was 100 msec. H-V intervals were 25 msec in QRS-complex with small delta wave and 45 msec in QRS-complex without small delta wave. From these findings, it was considered that the small delta wave was produced by a Mahaim fiber.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1989

[Radiation therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma].

After the transhepatic arterial therapy, irradiated 11 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were investigated clinically and pathologically. As the effect to the main tumors except for 3 cases who dropped out because of the side effect of irradiation, partial response (PR) was found in 1 case, minor response (MR) was in 2. There was no change (NC) in 4 and 1 had progressive disease (PD), so the rate of effectiveness was 12.5%. Irradiation to the tumor thrombosis of the portal vein were done for seven cases, 2 of them (28.6%) showed the decrease of the thrombosis or improvement of the blood stream in the portal vein on angiography or histology. AFP decreased in four of seven measurable cases within one month after the irradiation. Side effects were jaundice, fever, appetite loss and so on, which were seen especially in cases of Child's B or C. Liver dysfunction and bone marrow suppression were also observed though not so severe. For the cases received lipiodol injection before radiation, lipiodol collection to the tumor was beneficial for the determination of the irradiated field.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Regulation of the ecdysteroid titer of Manduca sexta: reappraisal of the role of the prothoracic glands.

It is generally accepted that the prothoracic glands of insects produce ecdysone, which is converted by a 20-monooxygenase in peripheral tissues to the major molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone. Incubation in vitro of the prothoracic glands of larval or pupal Manduca sexta in the presence of a hemolymph protein fraction (HPF) increased the ecdysteroid content of the medium almost 8-fold. A comparable increase was noted when HPF was added to medium preconditioned with prothoracic glands but from which the glands had been removed. We used a differential RIA to show that a major product of the prothoracic glands in vitro cross-reacts with antiserum (20-hydroxyecdysone-2-succinylthyroglobulin amide; H-2) that retains affinity to ecdysteroids having a modified A ring. However, this product did not bind to antiserum (ecdysone-22-succinylthyroglobulin amide; H-22) that has affinity mainly for ecdysteroids modified at the side chain. We employed radiolabeled precursor studies with prothoracic glands in vitro and a combination of analytical techniques (NMR, CD, MS) to demonstrate that the major ecdysteroid release from the glands is a mixture of 2-dehydroecdysone and 3-dehydroecdysone (1:2), which is rapidly reduced to ecdysone in the presence of HPF. We postulate that the active component of HPF is 3 beta 3 beta (2 beta)-formin-3(2)-ketoecdysteroid reductase. These results may explain several anomalous observations pertaining to the molting of insect fragments in the absence of prothoracic glands and suggest a complex system for the control of insect molting and metamorphosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

DNA sequencing of the eta gene coding for staphylococcal exfoliative toxin serotype A.

We report the nucleotide sequence of a 1.45 kb segment containing the eta gene, coding for staphylococcal exfoliative toxin A (ETA), isolated from the recombinant plasmid pETA-J3. The coding region of 840 bp specified a polypeptide of 280 amino acid residues which included a putative 38 residue signal sequence. The amino acid composition deduced from the structural gene was in agreement with the results of peptide analysis of the ETA molecule reported by others. The sequence of the 35 N-terminal amino acid residues of ETA derived from Staphylococcus aureus strain ZM was also consistent with that deduced from the DNA sequencing.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Relationship between susceptibility and immune response to staphylococcal exfoliative toxin A in mammalian species.

Staphylococcal exfoliative toxin A (ETA) had a splitting effect at the granular layer of skin in humans and neonatal mice, but not in rabbits, guinea pigs, golden hamsters, or rats. Besides its splitting effect, ETA could stimulate productions of neutralizing antibody to ETA in rabbits, rats and B10D2 mice, but not in golden hamsters, guinea pigs, or ICR, HRS/J, and C57BL/10 mice. In our epidemiological investigation of human sera, the percentage of antibody to ETA in sera obtained from patients with impetigo (8%) was lower than those in sera of healthy males (23%) and females (29%). The relationship between susceptibility and immune response to ETA in these mammalians could be divided into three groups: the possession of resistant skin and high production of antibody to ETA; the possession of resistant skin and low production of antibody to ETA; the possession of sensitive skin and various titers of antibody to ETA.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Thyroid functions before and after maintenance hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure.

To study the factors involved in the low thyroid hormone levels in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), we investigated thyroid functions just before and after hemodialyses (HD) in 32 such patients who were on maintenance HD. In addition, we measured serum thyroid hormone binding inhibitor activities (THBI) in another set of 37 patients. None of the patients had been suspected of having thyroid diseases. HD duration and aging did not have a significant effect on the results of the thyroid function tests. Before each HD, the serum concentrations of T3, T4, FT3, FT4, rT3, PBI, FT3I, FT4I, FT3/T3, FT4/T4, T4/TBG, T4/TSH and FT4/TSH were lower, and those of TSH, TBG, and thyroglobulin (Tg) were higher in the patients than in normal controls. The thyroid hormone concentrations were negatively correlated with the BUN and creatinine levels. The Tg levels were positively correlated with the BUN levels. After each HD, almost all the thyroid function tests including T4/TBG ratio showed improvements, which indicated that hemodilution and a decrease in the T4-binding affinity of TBG with thyroid hormones were the major factors in the low thyroid hormone levels in CRF patients. However, even after HD, T3, FT3, rT3, T4/TSH and FT4/TSH were still lower and TSH and Tg were still higher in the patients. These data suggested that the CRF patients were in a subclinical hypothyroid state. THBI was high in patients with CRF and did not change following HD. NEFA did not seem to contribute to the high THBI before HD, because they were in the normal range. However, as NEFA became very high after HD and possessed THBI, we calculated the corrected THBI (C-THBI) by subtracting the effect of NEFA from total THBI. C-THBI was high before HD and decreased after HD. Therefore, it was suggested that this C-THBI contributed to the abnormalities in the affinity of TBG with thyroid hormones. From these studies, it is concluded that (1) the patients with CRF may be in a subclinical hypothyroid state, although hemodilution was seen to have a strong effect on the thyroid hormone concentrations, and (2) C-THBI may have an effect on the affinity of TBG with thyroid hormones and play an additional role in low thyroid hormone levels in these patients. The mechanisms of hypothyroidism and the nature of C-THBI remain to be clarified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effects of prolonged physical training on ventilatory response to hypercapnia.

In order to determine whether or not resting ventilatory response to hypercapnia is changed by physical training, we studied the effect of long-term physical training on the slope of ventilatory response to CO2 at rest. The subjects were 9 untrained freshmen ranging in age from 18 to 20 years. Five out of nine subjects belonged to the badminton team after entering university in April 1980, and participated in their team's training for about 3 hr per day, 3 times a week year round for about 4 years until March 1984. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximum pulmonary ventilation (VEmax) and maximum heart rate (HR max) were determined during maximal treadmill exercise before and after training. The slope (S) of ventilatory response to carbon dioxide at rest was measured by Read's rebreathing method. VO2max increased after training in the trained subjects and mean values of VO2max which were measured in 1982, 1983, and 1984, were statistically higher than that of 1980. Similar tendency was observed in VEmax and VO2max/W. Average values and standard deviations of S before training were 1.91 +/- 0.52 liter/min/torr and were decreased gradually with increasing training period; the differences in the S value before (1980) and after training, i.e., 1982, 1983, and 1984, were all significant. Such difference could still be seen after S was recalculated as SN by using normalized ventilation for 70 kg body weight, while there were no significant differences in the S and SN between baseline and repeated studies in the untrained group. In addition, CO2 responsiveness was found to correlate negatively with maximum oxygen uptake in 4 out of the 5 trained subjects. These results suggest that in normal subjects, long-term physical training, as in the present study, decreases CO2 responsiveness at rest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effects of rokitamycin on young rats with hyperbilirubinemia--determination of unbound and brain bilirubin levels and examination for localized yellow discoloration of brain tissue.

The effects of rokitamycin (RKM), a macrolide antibiotic, on young rats with hyperbilirubinemia were investigated. RKM at a dose of 1,000 mg/kg was orally administered to 14-day-old rats with hereditary, non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia (homozygous Gunn rats, total plasma bilirubin concentration: about 7 mg/dl). Animals given 10 ml/kg of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were used as control. Plasma total bilirubin concentration, plasma unbound bilirubin concentration and cerebellar bilirubin level did not significantly change during 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after administration of RKM or CMC. There was no significant difference in plasma total bilirubin concentration, plasma unbound bilirubin concentration and cerebellar bilirubin level between RKM-treated and control animals at 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after the administration. No localized yellow discoloration of the brain tissue (non-cerebellar parts) was noted at 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours after administration of either RKM or CMC.

Animals↗