Biomedical subjects

S Sakurai

Publications and source records attributed to S Sakurai.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Encapsulated papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: clinicopathological and cytofluorometric study in comparison with non-encapsulated papillary carcinoma.

Clinicopathological and cytofluorometric studies were performed on nine encapsulated (EPC) and 23 non-encapsulated (non-EPC) carcinomas of the thyroid gland. The average age of the patients with EPC was 33 years, which was significantly younger than that of those with non-EPC. The average tumor size of EPC was twice as large as that of intraglandular non-encapsulated carcinoma. All patients with EPC were alive without disease, but three out of 23 patients with non-EPC had a recurrence of the disease or died. Cytofluorometric studies showed that the mean nuclear DNA content and percentage of tumor cells in the S-G2M phase of EPC were lower than that of non-EPC. According to the DNA histogram pattern, all EPC showed distinct modal DNA values in the diploid or near diploid region of normal cells. However non-EPC, especially extra-glandular non-encapsulated papillary carcinoma, showed a wide variety of DNA histogram patterns. The present study suggested that EPC is a distinct subtype of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland clinicopathologically and that cytofluorometrically it is different from non-EPC.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on hematogram examinations].

Effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) on hemograms were studied in the leukopenic phase after chemotherapy on patients with solid malignant tumors and lymphocytic malignancies. The samples were from patients with solid malignant tumors (solid tumor group) and from those with lymphocytic malignancies (lymphocytic malignancy group). In the control group, the increase rate and the decrease rate of the white blood cell count were 1.48 and 0.67, respectively. With the administration of G-CSF, they were 4.99 and 0.29 in the malignant tumor group, and 11.83 and 0.19 changes beyond the range of physiologic fluctuations with the administration of G-CSF. In term of increasing rate, immature myeloid cells were increased more remarkably than mature neutrophil by administration of G-CSF, indicating that the target cells of G-CSF are immature cells, and the increase of immature cells is responsible for the increase of the whole white blood cell count. Though immature myeloid cells with atypical morphology were rarely detected in the solid tumor group, they were observed more frequently in the lymphocytic malignancy group. In this study, we stress that the information about the history of G-CSF administration is indispensable for quality control of hemogram examinations.

Female↗

PubMed1993

[Case report and review of literature on seasonal distribution and pathogenesis of acute eosinophilic pneumonia in Japan].

A 49-year-old female was admitted because of high grade fever and dyspnea. Chest roentgenogram revealed diffuse reticulo-linear shadows. Laboratory findings showed peripheral blood eosinophilia, and blood gas analysis demonstrated severe hypoxemia. A few days after admission, her symptoms and signs improved, and the abnormal shadows on the chest roentgenograms decreased without treatment. To determine the diagnosis and evaluate the pathological findings and pathogenesis, we performed open lung biopsy. Bronchoalveolar lavage at the operation revealed increased total cell count and increased markedly, number of eosinophils, and the open lung biopsy specimen showed acute interstitial pneumonia with eosinophilic infiltration. We performed a study of precipitating antibodies against fourteen kinds of fungi and environmental provocation tests, with all results being negative. We diagnosed this case as having acute eosinophilic pneumonia clinicopathologically (Allen, 1989). We reviewed 22 cases with acute eosinophilic pneumonia previously reported in Japan including our case. These 22 cases demonstrated a seasonal tendency of onset in spring and summer. Eleven of 22 cases were tested for precipitating antibodies to several fungi, 3 of which showed positive results against Trichosporon cutaneum, Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus species. The clinical features of acute eosinophilic pneumonia resemble those of summer type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Therefore, it is important to diagnose AEP on the basis of clinical symptoms, and precipitating antibody, viral titer and pathological findings.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1993

[Stress on the femoropatellar joint in downhill walking--a biomechanical study].

Kinematic and kinetic data were collected of 6 male and 6 female healthy subjects. For downhill walking a dismountable slope of 6 m length and a grade of 19.3% was built. Planar net joint moments and mechanical power at the knee joint were calculated for the sagittal view using force platform records based on standard inverse dynamics procedures. On the basis of a two dimensional knee model the patello femoral joint compressive forces were calculated. While the maximal extension moment for level walking was only 1.2 +/- 0.5 Nm/kg bw at a knee flexion angle of 20 degrees it was 2.6 +/- 0.6 Nm/kg bw at an angle of 40 degrees for downhill walking. This increased moment and knee flexion angle yields a 3 to 4 times bigger femoropatellar joint compressive force for downhill walking compared to level walking. Due to a smaller moment arm of female subjects the patello femoral joint compressive forces were bigger for females compared to males (14 N/kg bw for male subjects, 18 N/kg for female subjects during level walking and 50 N/kg bw for male subjects, 70 N/kg for female subjects during downhill walking). The femoropatellar joint compressive force for downhill walking is comparable to running, squatting or downstairs walking. Based on this investigation downhill walking must be considered a strenuous task for the femoro patellar joint and explains well why patients with anterior knee pain or osteoarthritis have problems during downhill walking.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[A case of radiation pneumonitis caused by treatment of lung cancer which revealed marked hypervasculality on bronchial arteriography].

A 44-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of hemoptysis. He had been admitted to our ward in June 1991, after resection of a brain tumor at another hospital due to cerebral metastasis of lung cancer (adenocarcinoma). Systemic chemotherapy and pulmonary irradiation therapy were performed during the first hospitalization. Radiation pneumonitis occurred 1 month after the completion of radiotherapy, which responded to administration of corticosteroids. One year and 4 months later after the completion of radiotherapy, he was readmitted to our hospital because of hemoptysis. Chest computed tomogram and bronchoscopy showed no recurrence of lung cancer, so pulmonary arteriography and bronchial arteriography were performed to investigate the cause of hemoptysis. Pulmonary arteriograms showed diminished vascularity in the area of radiation fibrosis, but a bronchial arteriogram showed inflammatory hypervascularization in the same field. We considered that the bronchial arterial angiogenesis induced by radiation pneumonitis was the cause of hemoptysis. Bronchial arteriography is necessary in cases of radiation pulmonary fibrosis with hemoptysis without obvious recurrence of tumor. If the growth of new blood vessels in the bronchial artery can be induced by radiation therapy, the administration of anti-cancer agents to the bronchial artery should be considered in the treatment of recurrent lung cancer after radiation therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

[Omental implantation technique for esophageal perforations--a clinical case and experimental studies].

We successfully used the omental implantation technique in a case of esophageal perforation in which simple closure was impossible because of extreme inflammatory changes. Although excellent results have been obtained by this method in gastroduodenal perforations, it has never been used before in cases of esophageal perforations. In this study we subsequently investigated the histological repair mechanism by carrying out animal experiments. Clinical case A 59-year-old male entered our hospital with the symptoms of chest pain and fever after endoscopic therapy for esophageal obstruction by food impaction. He underwent an emergency thoracotomy 54 hours after endoscopy. A perforation of about 2 cm in diameter was observed in the subthoracic esophageal wall which become too weak to close by stitching. This perforation was filled with an omental plug inserted from the peritoneal cavity under laparotomy. The patient recovered and his perforated lesion was completely repaired. Animal experiment In 10 hybrid adult dogs, omental implantation was performed on perforations of more than 1 cm in diameter in the subthoracic esophagus made by electric coagulation. One to four weeks postoperatively, these inserted omentums were observed endoscopically before sacrifice. The implanted omentums were endoscopically observed as elevated lesions after 2 weeks, but they became flat after 3 weeks and the mucosa seemed to be almost normal after 4 weeks. Histological investigation showed that the implanted omentums maintained their original structure accompanied by remarkable inflammatory changes 1 week postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[A case of interstitial pneumonia of polymyositis-dermatomyositis with various pathological findings in open lung biopsy].

A 60-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a two month history of dry cough and dyspnea on exertion. A chest roentgenogram revealed diffuse interstitial shadows with a reduction of lower lung volume. Laboratory examinations revealed an increase in CPK and aldolase. There was decreased proximal muscle power, and the findings of a biopsy of the right deltoid were compatible with polymyositis. Myositic symptoms were stable, but the respiratory symptoms worsened, and an open lung biopsy was performed for diagnosis and to determine the best treatment. The histological findings of biopsy materials demonstrated active interstitial pneumonia complicated by cellular interstitial pneumonia, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, usual interstitial pneumonia and lymphoid hyperplasia. The patient responded well to adrenocorticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy, and is now attending as an out patient. It is well known that PM-DM can be associated with interstitial pneumonia, and this complication is an important prognostic factor clinically. The pathological patterns of interstitial pneumonia in PM-DM may be divided into usual interstitial pneumonia and bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. Furthermore, it is well documented that these patterns are concurrent with the response to adrenocorticosteroid and prognostic factors. However, our case of PM-DM, in which various patterns such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were pathologically revealed, cannot be considered as having uniform pathological pattern. We consider that pulmonary pathological patterns of PM-DM are very varied, as with RA. It is a very important to evaluate the nature of these patterns and the subsequent clinical course in PM-DM with interstitial pneumonia.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1993

[A new technique for evaluating the respiratory tract--digital subtraction bronchography (DSBG)].

Bronchography is essential for evaluation of morphological changes in the bronchial tree. However, conventional bronchography using Propyliodone (Dionosil) is extremely invasive, especially to those with pulmonary infections. In the present study, we developed a new less invasive method of bronchography with the aid of digital subtraction technique (DSBG), and evaluated its clinical benefits. Bronchography was performed by injecting contrast medium (Iopamidol: Iopamiron 300) via the lumen of the bronchoscope (Olympus Type 20), and image processing of the respiratory tract was performed using digital subtraction technique. From 1991 to 1992, DSBG was performed in 15 cases (8 bronchiectasis, 1 diffuse panbronchiolitis, 1 lung cancer, 1 pulmonary emphysema, and 4 others). DSBG clearly demonstrated the morphological changes of large and segmental bronchial lesions in cases of bronchiectasis and lung cancer, as well as conventional bronchography using Dionosil. In addition, it was possible to image the morphological changes of bronchiolar lesions in diffuse panbronchiolitis and pulmonary emphysema to the same detail as obtained using classical selective alveolo-bronchography (SAB). Since DSBG can provide enhanced images the bronchial tree without being affected by cardiac and respiratory movements, we could obtain detailed information on bronchial and/or bronchiolar lesions. With respect to side effects, Iopamiron was quickly drained and/or absorbed within 2 hours after injection. Pulmonary infection and bronchial bleeding, which are well known primary complications of classical bronchography using Dionosil, were not observed. We conclude that 1) DSBG is useful new technique for examining morphological changes of the respiratory tract, and 2) DSBG is less invasive than conventional bronchography.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[A case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Pholiota nameko's manufacturer].

A 58-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of fever and dyspnea on exertion. She has been working in the factory making Pholiota nameko for 8 years. Her chest X-ray revealed diffuse linear and fine nodular shadows in both lower lung fields. Hypoxemia was seen on blood gas analysis. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) were performed. Differential cell count of the BAL fluid showed lymphocytosis and CD4/8 was decreased. TBLB specimens revealed bronchioloalveolitis. Precipitins against Trichosporon cutaneum were detected by Ouchterlony method. These findings are compatible with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and Trichosporon cutaneum may have been causative antigen in this case. Trichosporon cutaneum is often detected in the Japanese summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis. This case suggests that Trichosporon cutaneum is one cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in workers at factories making Pholiota nameko.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗

PubMed1992

A highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of interleukin-8 in biological fluids.

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemotactic and activating cytokine for neutrophils, which plays an important role in acute inflammatory responses. We aimed to develop a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IL-8 and established 18 clones of anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). These mAbs were evaluated in terms of their antigen-binding affinities, and five clones were selected and used for the comparative study of various combinations of antibodies in sandwich ELISA. Affinity purified rabbit polyclonal antibody was also used in this study. One antibody pair, which showed relatively high sensitivity and which was not severely interfered with blood components, was selected and the assay conditions were optimized by choosing the appropriate buffer for sample dilution and by directly labeling the second antibody with enzyme. The finalized ELISA, using polyclonal antibody as first (coated) antibody and horseradish peroxidase-labeled mAb (clone EL139) Fab' fragment as second antibody, could detect as low as 2.5 pg/ml (0.125 pg/well) of IL-8 by in total 2 h incubation, without being affected by body fluid components. The ELISA was specific to IL-8, showing no cross-reactivity with other cytokines or various IL-8 family proteins which share some amino acid sequence homology with IL-8. As an example of its application to clinical specimens, plasma samples from patients with septic shock were measured. The results showed that sepsis patients contain significantly higher levels of plasma IL-8 compared to normal controls. When analyzed by gel-filtration chromatography, IL-8 in sepsis plasma was eluted in a molecular weight (M(r) region corresponding to the monomer form. The ELISA established here is expected to be effectively used for further investigations on the relationship between IL-8 and various diseases.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Bacterial adherence to human gallbladder epithelium.

The adherence of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the epithelium of the gallbladders obtained from 32 patients with negative bile culture was quantified by a scanning electron microscope. Of the gallbladders, 5 were histologically normal (group A), 21 had chronic calculus cholecystitis (group B), and 6 had acute calculus cholecystitis (group C). The data were expressed as the mean +/- S.D. of the numbers of adherent bacteria to 1,000 microns2 of the gallbladder epithelium. The number of adherent E. coli were 0.1 +/- 0.2 in group A, 4.2 +/- 2.8 in group B, and 9.2 +/- 3.3 in group C. A similar result was also observed with P. aeruginosa. The number of adherent bacteria, both of E. coli and P. aeruginosa were significantly higher in group C than in groups A and B, and were also significantly higher in group B compared to group A. The amount of bacterial adherence paralleled that of the degree of epithelial damage, and the normal epithelium proved to have an inhibiting ability. Thus, a secondary bacterial infection is more likely to happen in patients with contaminated bile, and therefore, the treatment for acute cholecystitis should be based either on the results of a bile culture or according to predictive factors for bactibilia.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1992

Novel phenoxyalkylamine derivatives. VII. Synthesis and pharmacological activities of 2-alkoxy-5-[(phenoxyalkylamino)alkyl]benzenesulfonamide derivatives.

To find a novel alpha-blocker with high alpha-blocking selectivity against dopamine D2-receptor affinity, we performed structural modification of the alkylene chains and the substituents on two benzene rings of 2-alkoxy-5-[(phenoxyalkylamino)alkyl]benzenesulfonamide derivatives. The modification of the alkylene chain between the amino moiety in the center of the molecule and the benzene ring (ring A) was found to be the most significant. 5-[2-[[2-(5-Fluoro-2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]propyl]-2- methoxybenzenesulfonamide (II-4), which possesses 1-methylethyl as the alkylene chain, exhibited high alpha-blocking selectivity as well as potent alpha-blocking activity.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗

PubMed1992

Compensatory changes in silver-stainability of nucleolar organizer regions in mice.

Silver-stainability of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) that contain genes for ribosomal RNA (rDNA) was investigated using two mouse strains, BALB/cCrSlc and MOA, and their hybrid progeny. The patterns of segregation of the rDNA clusters were analyzed in terms of chromosomal C-banding and by use of a polymorphic probe for the variable region in backcrossed N2 and N3 individuals. The results indicate that the intensity of Ag-NOR staining is stably inherited in most of the rDNA clusters, irrespective of different genetic backgrounds. In some clusters, such as those on chromosome 12 of BALB/cCrSlc, a modulation of the intensity is observed. This modulation seems to be due to compensatory activation via a change in the number of actively transcribed genes. The change from silver-negative to silver-positive staining of the NOR of chromosome 12 of BALB/cCrSlc was correlated with demethylation of the genes.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

A familial case of hereditary angioneurotic edema in Japan.

A 53-year-old man was admitted with impairment of breathing following laryngeal edema. Serum levels of CH50 (22 U/ml), C4 (3 mg/dl), C1-INH protein (10.6 mg/dl) and C1-INH activity (LT 25%) were low. Complement study of the patient's family members revealed that he was one of 5 patients in 3 generations with hereditary angioneurotic edema (HANE). Administration of the androgen derivatives Danazol (600 mg/day) and Oxymetholone (30 mg/day) effectively increased serum levels of C1-INH activity and C4. Though eruption and hepatic dysfunction attributable to administration of the drugs appeared, these side effects improved after withdrawal of the drugs. Subsequently, the treatment with Danazol at a low dose (100 mg/day) was resumed, and the patient has had no episodes of edema for the past 3 years. Regarding the familial cases of HANE, fewer than 20 have been reported in Japan.

Angioedema↗

PubMed1992

Incidence of anti-mouse IgG in normal subjects and patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.

Serum antibodies to mouse IgG occasionally interfere with two-site immunometric assays in which mouse monoclonal antibodies are used. We examined the titers of antibodies to mouse IgG in serum samples from normal subjects and patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-mouse IgG antibodies were positive in 7/119 patients with Graves' disease (5.9%) and 3/60 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (5.0%). One of the 15 patients with a thyroid neoplasm (6.7%) also had antibodies to mouse IgG, as did 5/60 healthy subjects (8.3%). These antibodies were either of the IgG or IgM class. There was no significant difference in the incidence of positive anti-mouse IgG antibody between normal subjects and patients with AITD. It is important to note this high incidence of antibodies to mouse IgG due to the potential of interference with immunometric assays employing mouse monoclonal antibodies.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗

PubMed1992

[The effects of individual differences on self-evaluation maintenance model].

This study was conducted to examine the effects of individual differences in affiliation motivation, achievement motivation, and self-esteem on the self-evaluation maintenance (SEM) model proposed by Tesser et al. (1984). One hundred and seventy college students answered a questionnaire for measuring affiliation motivation, achievement motivation, and self-esteem, and also assessed their own as well as their friends' academic achievements in their senior high school subjects with both high and low degrees of relevancy. For those who were high in affiliative motivation, a significantly greater difference between the own and the friends' achievements was found in the academic subjects with low rather than high relevancy. However, the same difference was also greater in the academic subjects with low rather than high relevancy for those who were low in their achievement motivation or self-esteem. These results suggest that individual differences in some variables such as affiliation motivation, achievement motivation, and self-esteem would play an important role in the SEM model.

Achievement↗

PubMed1992

[Effects of antibiotics on the dissociation of platelet adherence in pseudothrombocytopenia].

To elucidate the effects of antibiotics on platelet adherence phenomena, we examined dissociation of platelet adherence in EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia by adding Kanamycin or Colimycin. We found the rapid dissociation of platelet adherence caused by addition of Kanamycin (20 mg) or Colimycin (20 mg) in 1 ml of EDTA-anticoagulated blood from patients with EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia. This dissociation was most remarkable in the sample treated within 30 minutes after venipuncture. When the dissociation occurred, no adherent platelet was found on microscopical examinations. Complete blood cell counts and their histogram patterns after dissociation were almost same as those just after venipuncture. The dissociation occurred as soon as the antibiotics were added and remained fairly long time. The dissociation decreased in proportion to the periods of time between venipuncture and addition of antibiotics. The dissociation was caused by many other antibiotics. However, severer damage were found morphologically by adding most of them in both histogram patterns and microscopical examinations than those of aminoglycoside or peptide antibiotics.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Clinical evaluation of serum levels of monomeric dimeric and tetrameric pseudocholinesterases in patients with various liver diseases].

Serum levels of monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric pseudocholinesterases were measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with various liver diseases and normal controls in order to evaluate their clinical significance. In patients with liver cirrhosis, serum levels of monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric were significantly lower than those in normal controls, patients with fatty liver and chronic hepatitis. The ratio of monomeric and dimeric to tetrameric in patients with liver cirrhosis was also significantly lower than that in normal controls, patients with fatty liver and chronic hepatitis. Serum levels of tetrameric, dimeric and monomeric were not significantly higher in the patients with fatty liver than in normal controls, but the ratio of monomeric and dimeric to tetrameric was significantly higher in patients with fatty liver than that in normal controls, patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. These findings suggest that the selective determinations of serum levels of monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric pseudocholinesterases are useful to estimate the metabolism of fat and protein in various liver diseases.

Adult↗