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Biomedical subjects

S Sakamoto

Publications and source records attributed to S Sakamoto.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Tissue-specific induction of E-selectin in glomeruli is augmented following diabetes mellitus.

We recently demonstrated that induction of adhesion molecules is tissue, cell type, and blood vessel size specific. We examined here whether the glomeruli, a peculiar vascular system, express adhesion molecules in a specific manner in the murine kidney. In addition, since serum levels of soluble adhesion molecules have been reported to be elevated in diabetic patients, we examined the influence of diabetes mellitus on the induction of adhesion molecules in the kidney. Analysis of E-selectin mRNA expression by in situ hybridization indicated that it was selectively induced in glomeruli by intravenous administration of interleukin-1beta, while ICAM-1 mRNA expression was seen diffusely in endothelium lining the small arteries and capillaries or in glomeruli, and VCAM-1 mRNA expression was most prominent in endothelial cells of larger blood vessels. Induction of E-selectin mRNA expression in glomeruli by proinflammatory stimuli was augmented in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice as compared with control mice, while ICAM-1 or VCAM-1 mRNA induction was only slightly influenced. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed that selective expression of E-selectin in glomeruli was augmented predominantly in epithelial cells, depending on the duration of diabetes mellitus, in KK-Ay mice. These findings suggest that glomerulus-specific expression of E-selectin is related to the development of diabetic nephropathy.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Labeling effect of Seishin-bunretsu-byou, the Japanese translation for schizophrenia: an argument for relabeling.

Stigma attached to individuals with schizophrenia may be derived from its diagnostic label. Two forms of a questionnaire were distributed to 189 Japanese university students. Each questionnaire contains case vignettes of schizophrenia and major depression. In one form, the students were told at the close of each vignette the diagnostic label assigned to that case (the label group) whereas in another form, they were not done so (the control group). The students were also asked to rate negative image of the case in four items each. The label group was significantly higher than the control group in three of the four negative image items for the vignette of schizophrenia. They did not differ in any of the negative image items for the vignette of depression. This suggests that the label of schizophrenia (the Japanese translation Seishin-bunretsu-byou) has stigmatizing effect. We discussed these findings in the light of the implications of a relabeling, and argued for a change of name.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Exercise improved accumulation of visceral fat and simultaneously impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation in old rats.

Exercise decreases plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides, and simultaneously, increases high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Furthermore, it has been reported that exercise improves insulin resistance. As a result, exercise is believed to aid in preventing atherosclerosis. However, we do not know whether exercise protects against the development of atherosclerosis in the elderly. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether exercise prevented atherosclerosis in aorta of old rats. Exercise for three months did not affect plasma lipid levels but decreased accumulation of visceral fat and body weight without the reduction of food intake in two year old rats. Exercise also decreased triglycerides in liver and gastrocnemius white muscle. Exercise resulted in an elevation of plasma lipid peroxide (LPO) levels without affecting superoxide dismutase (SOD). Exercise impaired the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the thoracic aorta caused by acetylcholine in old rats. In summary, the results of our study indicate that exercise induces the reduction of visceral fat, body weight and triglyceride contents in tissues in old rats. These results seems to show that exercise improves insulin resistance. However, exercise simultaneously may cause impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation by elevation of LPO in old rats.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

Caffeoyl, coumaroyl, galloyl, and hexahydroxydiphenoyl glucoses from Balanophora japonica.

Eighteen new and sixteen known acyl glucoses having caffeoyl, coumaroyl, galloyl, and hexahydroxydiphenoyl groups were isolated from a medicinal parasitic plant, Balanophora japonica. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Caffeoyl ellagitannins, which have been rarely found in nature, were major phenolic constituents of this plant, and this is the first report of the isolation of ellagitannins from Balanophoraceae.

Biphenyl Compounds↗
PubMed2001

The nutritional status of elderly bed-ridden patients receiving tube feeding.

Long-term enteral feeding by tube has become a frequently used procedure in elderly patients. However, only a few studies dealing with the nutritional assessment of such patients are currently available. This study was designed to clarify this issue. Anthropometric and biochemical variables, energy expenditure and dietary intake were investigated in 44 hospitalized bed-ridden patients with and without tube feeding over 65 years of age and 41 age-matched free-eating elders in a nursing home. All patients with tube feeding received enteral nutrition by nasogastric tube. The body weight, body mass index, mid-upper-arm circumference, arm muscle circumference and serum level of albumin were significantly lower in the patients with and without tube feeding, compared with free-eating elders of both genders (p<0.05). Energy intakes of the patients with tube feeding were 1,171+/-286 kcal/d (about 26 kcal/kg/d), which is comparable to the predicted total energy expenditure (1.2 x basal energy expenditure). Protein intake was 44.9+/-13.1 g/d (about 1.0 g/kg/d) and the percentage of protein per total energy was 15%. These intakes are generally considered to be optimal for bed-ridden patients receiving tube feeding. However, the incidence of protein-malnutrition, as evidenced by decreased arm muscle circumference (<80% of normal) and hypoalbuminemia (<35 g/L), in the patients with tube feeding was significantly higher than that in the healthy elders. In addition, the orally fed bed-ridden patients were also malnourished, suggesting that the bed-ridden patients easily became malnourished even if they were fed energy and protein which approximated calculated predicted values. These findings raise a problem concerning nutritional management of bed-ridden patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Is arterial surgery advisable for patients over 80 years of age?

BACKGROUND: Recently life expectancy has become longer and longer. The purpose of this study was to analyse whether arterial surgery for patients over 80 years of age is advisable. METHODS: During the last 14 years, 527 patients, 50 of whom were over 80 and 477 of whom were under 80 years of age, received graft replacement or bypass surgery. They suffered from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (R-AAA, n=21), non-ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (N-R AAA, n=133) or arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO, n=373). Complications such as cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, respiratory and kidney dysfunction, and risk factors for ASO were also checked. RESULTS: All of the patients over 80 with R-AAA (n=3/3) and 50% of the patients under 80 with R-AAA (n=9/18) died during their stay in the hospital. However, none of the N-R AAA patients over 80 (n=0/7) and only one of the 126 N-R AAA patients (0.8%) under 80 died. For the patients over 80 with ASO, the graft patency rate was better than the patients survival rate. There were no age-specific factors that should condemn arterial surgery for patients over 80 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Arterial surgery should not be ruled out on the basis of age alone.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[A case of diaphragmatic paralysis in a patient with diabetes mellitus after surgery in prolonged prone position].

A 56-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus was scheduled for bilateral kidney lithotomy. She was in the prone position for about seven hours during operation. At the end of operation, arterial blood gas analysis showed PaO2 64 mmHg and PaCO2 44 mmHg under 100% oxygen inhalation through a face mask, and the chest x-rays showed elevation of the right diaphragm. Her trachea was intubated again. The right diaphragm returned to the preoperative level by positive pressure ventilation on supine position. Hypoxemia disappeared when the patient was placed in the sitting position, and the trachea was extubated. The right diaphragm returned to the normal level on the 1st postoperative day, but hypoxia continued until the 6th postoperative day with the patient on supine position. We speculate that the diaphragmatic paralysis was caused by over-extension of the neck for a prolonged period, and that the patient might have been susceptible to nerve injury due to underlying diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed2001

Recovery of an impalement and transfixion chest injury by a reinforced steel bar.

A 36-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of impalement injury due to a downwards fall upon some reinforced steel rods. An emergency operation was performed using percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS). The steel rods were taken out in the operating room. The heart, great vessels, vertebrae, and spinal cord were not involved in the impalement wounds. We performed a bronchoplasty of the torn and separated right main bronchus, and repaired the impaled left lung without any pulmonary resection. He recuperated without sequelae.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2001

[Dissecting aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery with persistent pearl & string sign on cerebral angiograms over a period of eight years].

We present a rare case of a dissecting aneurysm of the left anterior cerebral artery (ACA) with persistent pearl & string sign on cerebral angiograms over a period of 8 years. A 43-year-old woman with disturbance of consciousness and right sided hemiparesis was conservatively treated. Computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed a low-density area in the left frontal lobe. Initial angiography, which was performed at 6 months after the onset, showed a pearl & string sign at the A2 portion of the left ACA. After 8 years, repeat angiography again showed persistent pearl & string sign at the same portion of the left ACA. We discussed the changes in findings usually obtained in cerebral angiography concerning dissecting aneurysms in ACA.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[A case with diffuse vasospasm after perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage].

Perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(PNSH), defined as bleeding in the cisterns around the midbrain with a negative four-vessel angiographic study, is uniformly associated with an excellent outcome without associated rebleeding or symptomatic vasospasm. Angiographic vasospasm is uncommon in patients with this disease, and if vasospasm is present, severe and diffuse angiographical vasospasm is rare. We report a case with PNSH who developed severe and diffuse angiographic vasospasm. The patient was a 52-year-old woman who suffered an acute severe headache. We diagnosed PNSH from CT and angiographical findings, and treated her conservatively. Serial angiography, that was performed on the fourteenth day after hemorrhage, showed diffuse and severe angiographic vasospasm affecting both the anterior and the posterior circulation. She was treated with normovolemia, and remained no neurological symptom. Follow-up MR angiography showed improvement of the angiographic vasospasm. When the presence of diffuse and severe vasospasm is detected, a diagnosis of PNSH should not be excluded.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed2000

Design, synthesis and peroxidase-like activity of 3alpha-helix proteins covalently bound to heme.

As a model of artificial peroxidase, de novo designed three-alpha-helix proteins, 3alpha-H9 and 3alpha-H12, covalently bound to Fe(III)-mesoporphyrin IX were synthesized and examined for a peroxidase-like activity. The activity was regulated according to the positions of His residues in the proteins, and the His residues played a role in an acid-base catalytic function.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Molecular characterization and nuclear localization of rat timeless-like gene product.

Among three period genes (per1, per2, per3) in mammals, only per2 gene was shown to be involved in the core clock mechanism. To elucidate the molecular function of rat PERIOD2 (rPER2), we searched for binding proteins to the PAS domain of rPER2. We isolated a binding protein to this domain and identified it as a TIMELESS-like protein (TLP) on the basis of mass analyses. Then, we isolated a rat TLP cDNA from the rat hypothalamus library. RNA blot analysis and in situ hybridization indicates that rTLP mRNA was expressed in all rat tissues from whole brain, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, eye, lung, heart, liver, kidney, placenta, and testis. When rTLP gene product was expressed in COS-1 cells, nuclear localization of rTLP was detected in 99.6% of transfected cells. These results suggest that the interaction of rPER2 with rTLP may influence the regulation of circadian clock components in nucleus after rPER2 is translocated into the nucleus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

A self-assembled porphyrin-based dimeric capsule constructed by a Pd(II)-pyridine interaction which shows efficient guest inclusion

Novel self-assembled molecular capsules were constructed from two moles of pyridine-containing porphyrin derivatives and four moles of Pd(II) complexes utilizing a pyridine-Pd(II) interaction. The (1)H NMR spectral studies established that these self-assembled molecular capsules 5 and 6 have a highly symmetrical D(4)(h)() structure as well as a large inside cavity. It was shown that molecular capsule 6 can include a large bipyridine guest by a two-point simultaneous pyridine-Zn(II) interaction.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase by ginsenosides in cultured porcine endothelial cells.

Mechanism of Nitric oxide (NO) production by ginsenosides was investigated in cultured porcine endothelial cells. Beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (beta-NADPH) staining showed that the NO production was significantly enhanced by the presence of 40 microg/ml ginsenosides with 10 microM L-arginine after 12 h incubation. NO production was suppressed by addition of 0.5 microM Nomega-Nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), an inhibitor of NO synthases (NOSs), to the incubation medium. In addition, the immunoreactive signals of inducible NOS (iNOS) were appeared in endothelial cells after 12-h incubation of ginsenosides, whereas the signals were not observed in non-treated cells. Our findings suggest that ginsenosides can enhance NO production by induction of iNOS in addition to its direct effect on endothelial cells by increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration.

Animals↗