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Biomedical subjects

S Sakai

Publications and source records attributed to S Sakai.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Enzymatic synthesis of a novel trisaccharide, glucosyl lactoside.

Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus stearothermophilus produced a series of oligosaccharides by the transglycosylation reaction with cyclomaltohexaose as a glycosyl donor and D-lactose as its acceptor. The content of oligosaccharide A as the main transfer product was 22.1% of the total sugar. The content was increased to 34.1% by hydrolysis with glucoamylase. Oligosaccharide A was isolated by column chromatography and crystallized. By chemical and enzymatic analyses, oligosaccharide A was found to be a novel non-reducing trisaccharide; O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->4)-O- beta-D-glucopyranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1993

[Appropriate administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor for malignant lymphoma of the head and neck].

The effects of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were evaluated in 9 patients with malignant lymphoma of the head and neck. The effects of 31 cycles of cytotoxic chemotherapy were treated with G-CSF. G-CSF was given by one of the following three routes: 1) administration before or with cytotoxic chemotherapy, 2) administration after cytotoxic chemotherapy with leukocyte counts of more than 2000/mm3, and 3) administration after leukocyte counts had dropped to less than 2000/mm3. The first group consisted of one cycle of CHOP therapy and 2 cycles of VAMA therapy. The second group consisted of 10 cycles of CHOP therapy. The third group consisted of 13 cycles of CHOP therapy and 5 cycles of VAMA therapy. Leukocyte nadirs occurred on around day 14 for CHOP therapy and around day 21 for VAMA therapy without G-CSF treatment. In the first group, the leukocyte nadirs occurred earlier with G-CSF treatment. Additional G-CSF treatments were given in two of the three cycles. In the second group, the leukocyte counts did not drop below 2000/mm3 in three of the ten cycles. Additional G-CSF treatments were given in five of the remaining seven cycles. The two other cycles went without additional treatment. The mean volume of G-CSF was 305 +/- 86 micrograms. In the third group, the leukocyte counts increased to more than 2000/mm3 immediately after G-CSF administration in CHOP therapy. The mean volume was 227 +/- 78 micrograms, significantly less than that of the second group. The leukocyte counts also exceeded 2000/mm3 3-5 days after G-CSF administration in 5 cycles of VAMA therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1993

[A case of prostatic carcinoma with ectopic ACTH syndrome].

A 67-year-old man was admitted to the orthopedic ward, complaining of severe pain in his right greater trochanter. He was diagnosed as spinal cord tumor and underwent laminectomy for extirpation of the tumor. Histological examination revealed bone metastasis of unknown origin. Laboratory data revealed hypokalemia and hyperglycemia. Endocrinological data showed elevation of plasma cortisol and ACTH, and increased excretion of urinary 17-OHCS. Ten specimens needle biopsy of the prostate showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, thus patient was diagnosed as prostate cancer with bone metastasis (stage D2) and perhaps ectopic ACTH production. Castration was performed, however 2 days after the surgery he died suddenly. We suspected that cerebral hemorrhage was the cause of his death. On autopsy ectopic ACTH production in the prostate was confirmed.

ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic↗
PubMed1993

[Transurethral endoureteropyelotomy].

Transurethral endoureteropyelotomy was performed in a total of 37 patients with primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction or various ureteral strictures. Thirty-one (84%) of the 37 evaluable patients showed a radiographical improvement of hydronephrosis with a mean follow-up period of 15.8 +/- 10.5 months (range: 3-40). The clinical success rates were as follows: primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction, 11/12 92%); upper ureteral stricture, 6/7 (86%); lower ureteral stricture, 14/18 (78%). This endourological procedure required a mean operation time of 38.0 +/- 27.7 minutes and hospital stay of 7.3 +/- 4.9 days. No major complication has been identified. This retrograde procedure has a straight access to the strictured segment of ureteropelvic junction. It is safe and less invasive to the renal parenchym as it does not require percutaneous nephrostomy. Therefore, it might be clinically useful for the treatment of primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction and other ureteral strictures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the Japanese experience.

We investigated the current status of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Japan. A retrospective survey of laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed involving 1989 patients from eight Japanese institutions. The preoperative work-up and the operative technique were largely identical to those in the United States. Conversion to open cholecystectomy was required in 54 patients (2.7%) because of unexpected intraoperative findings such as inflammation and adhesions in 40 patients (2.0%) and intraoperative complications in 14 patients (0.7%). There were no deaths, and postoperative complications occurred in 34 of 1935 patients (1.75%) in whom laparoscopic cholecystectomy was completed. Only 10 patients (0.51%) had serious complications (hemorrhage and bile duct injury, for example) that required laparotomy. The incidence of bile duct injury was 11 of 1989 (0.55%). We conclude that the adoption of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Japan has been highly successful.

Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic↗
PubMed1993

[A case of pneumothorax due to pulmonary metastasis from breast cancer].

A 38-year-old woman was admitted because of left pneumothorax on March 16, 1991. She had undergone modified radical mastectomy in Dec. 1986. Chest roentgenogram on admission show a tumor shadow in the left upper lobe. She was diagnosed to have pneumothorax due to metastatic lung tumor. She underwent left upper lobectomy. Histologically poorly differentiated papillotubular adenocarcinoma was found and the cause of pneumothorax was thought to be necrosis of the tumor and direct invasion of the pleura.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1993

Cisplatin, etoposide, and vincristine combination chemotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.

Thirty patients with previously untreated, inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with cisplatin, etoposide and vincristine. Among twenty-nine evaluable patients, eight patients achieved partial response and the overall response rate was 28%. No patient achieved a complete response. The median survival time was 51 weeks. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity. Four patients had a leukocyte nadir of less than 1000/mm3, and one died from severe myelosuppression and sepsis. The other toxicities were nausea/vomiting, peripheral neuropathy, and alopecia. We conclude that cisplatin, etoposide, and vincristine combination chemotherapy offers moderate activity for inoperable non-small cell lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Assessment of left ventricular contraction with LV Emax during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with open heart surgery].

There are few reports on the assessment of left ventricular contraction during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in open heart surgery. LV Emax is thought to be a load-independent index of left ventricular function. We used a left ventricular conductance catheter to measure LV Emax from "non-working beating heart" during CPB in 16 patients who underwent open heart surgery. During CPB, at 45 minutes after aortic declamping, changes of heart rate with atrial pacing (120/min) did not change LV Emax, but after intravenous dobutamine administration (DOB, 10 micrograms/kg/min) LV Emax increased by 26% (p < 0.01). DOB increased LV Emax in 14 of 16 patients during CPB. These 14 patients were weaned from CPB without difficulty. But in 2 other patients DOB didn't increase LV Emax during CPB. In order to be weaned from CPB, the two patients needed epinephrine and intraaortic balloon pumping. We concluded that change of LV Emax made by intravenous administration of dobutamine is one of useful indexes to assess left ventricular contractility during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1993

[Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization to hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer].

Response of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TAE) and transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy to hepatic metastases was reported in 25 cases of colorectal cancer. The severity of liver metastases was H1 in 12 cases, H2 in 9 cases, and H3 in 4 cases. Liver metastases were found during surgery in 12 of these patients, and 13 showed metastases or recurrence in the liver after resections of primary lesions. Catheters were inserted selectively to the proper hepatic artery by Seldinger's method, followed by injection of embolizing agents (gelfoam particles of Lipiodol) with adriamycin or 5-FU + leucovorin in most cases. Response was assessed by blood CEA levels, diagnostic imaging, and period of survival. In 5 cases in whom liver resections were performed following TAE, response was assessed by histopathological findings of the resected specimens. Two patients showed partial response (PR), 12 no change (NC) and 11 progressive disease (PD) by diagnostic imaging. Blood CEA levels fell to less than 50% of pre-treatment levels in 26% of cases. Histological changes by TAE were confirmed in 4 of 5 cases after liver resections, but viable cancer cells were observed in all cases. A case of mucinous cancer showed no change histologically. As the other case of mucinous cancer showed PD by diagnostic imaging, TAE was not suggested to be suitable to treat cases of mucinous cancer. More improvements in the dosage, drugs and times of treatment were suggested to yield a better response rate in TAE therapy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Hemodynamic changes during pneumonectomy especially changes of right ventricular ejection fraction].

Hemodynamic changes were studied in 14 patients during pneumonectomy using a rapid computerized thermodilution catheter, which is capable of measuring right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF). Measurements were also performed during perioperative period. Ten minutes after clamping pulmonary artery, RVEF, pulmonary artery resistance index (PVRI) and stroke volume index (SVI) showed an increased right ventricular afterload. The RVEF is a useful and fast responding monitor of right ventricular afterload. It has been suggested that the PVRI may be a reliable safety index to decide the indication of pneumonectomy. We conclude that the right ventricular ejection fraction measured by a rapid computerized thermodilution catheter, can be helpful in hemodynamic monitoring during perioperative period of pneumonectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[The plasma concentration of buprenorphine during its continuous epidural infusion after catheterization at different vertebral levels].

We investigated 27 patients undergoing elective surgery under epidural anesthesia. The plasma concentration of buprenorphine during its continuous epidural administration was measured by the radioimmunoassay method. We also performed a retrospective study on supplemental analgesics necessary for 48 hours after surgeries. The plasma concentration of buprenorphine was found to be stable at 300 pg.ml-1 during its continuous epidural infusion. The frequencies of administration of supplemental analgesics were 3.3 times with catheterization at upper thoracic vertebral level, 2. 1 times at lower thoracic vertebral level and 1.7 time at upper lumbar vertebral level. We conclude that analgesia with the continuous epidural administration of buprenorphine is satisfactory at low plasma concentration and is superior, considering the necessity of supplemental analgesics to other methods of systemic administration. It is estimated that the epidural distribution volume at lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebral level is twice the volume at upper thoracic level from plasma buprenorphine concentration.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical significance of urinary methylguanidine in non-dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure--prediction of progression rate of renal dysfunction].

To clarify a clinical significance of urinary methylguanidine (U-MG, micrograms/dl) in non-dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure, we measured U-MG, urinary creatinine (U-Cr, mg/dl) and serum creatinine (S-Cr, mg/dl), concurrently and continually in 36 out-patients whose S-Cr was over 4.0 mg/dl. Fresh urine sample was obtained and U-MG was measured by an enzymic method. S-Cr concentrations (mean +/- SD) at the initiation of dialysis therapy were comparable in non-diabetics and in diabetics, being 13.4 +/- 4.54mg/dl and 8.23 +/- 1.96mg/dl, respectively, with statistical significance (p < 0.01). U-MG/Cr (micrograms/mg. Cr) values were also different between them, being 9.28 +/- 4.97 in non-diabetics and 5.19 +/- 1.29 in diabetics, but with lesser statistical significance (p < 0.05) than S-Cr. U-MG/Cr correlated well with the terms till the initiation of dialysis therapy (r = 0.7189, p < 0.001), more significantly than S-Cr (r = 0.5506, p < 0.001) in parabolic regression analysis. U-MG/Cr were greatly varied among the 7 patients, although whose S-Cr was nearly the same level (6.0-6.9mg/dl). Most importantly, the tendency was found in these patients that the higher U-MG/Cr, the earlier the renal replacement therapy instituted. These results suggests that U-MG/Cr can be reliable parameter to predict the progression rate of renal failure and to help to know when renal replacement therapy should be instituted.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Diagnostic imaging of polysplenia syndrome in the adult].

Polysplenia syndrome is a congenital disorder of situs that is characterized by the presence of multiple spleens and a variable combination of thoracic and visceral anomalies. We present three adult cases of polysplenia syndrome with emphasis on the diagnostic imaging findings. Computed tomography could best determine the exact location and shape of the anomalous organs. The visceral anomalies observed in our patients included multiple spleens, interruption of the inferior vena cava (IVC), azygos or hemiazygos continuation, left-sided IVC, symmetrical liver, anomalous fissure of the liver, anomalous lobe of the liver, median location of the gallbladder, short pancreas, inverted stomach, gallbladder and pancreas, and intestinal malrotation.

Female↗
PubMed1992

The crystal structure and physicochemical properties of L-ascorbic acid 2-glucoside.

The stable L-ascorbic acid glucoside produced by the action of the cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19) from Bacillus stearothermophilus was crystallized from an aqueous solution. Determination of the molecular structure by single crystal X-ray analysis showed the compound to be 2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G). The crystals are orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell dimensions a = 11.929 A, b = 24.351 A, and c = 4.864 A. The D-glucopyranose residue has the 4C1 conformation. These conclusions are in good agreement with those based on the 13C-NMR spectrum. The general physicochemical properties of crystalline AA-2G are reported.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1992

Antitumor effect of triphenylethylene derivative (TAT-59) against human breast carcinoma xenografts in nude mice.

The antitumor activity of a newly synthesized triphenylethylene derivative [(E)-4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy-phenyl]-2-(4-isopropyl)phenyl-1- butenyl] phenyl monophosphate] (TAT-59) was investigated against human breast carcinoma xenografts in nude mice with reference to the changes of hormone receptors. Five strains (MCF-7, Br-10, R-27, ZR-75-1, and T-61) used for the experiments possessed cytosol estrogen receptor (ER), and their growth was estradiol dependent. Five mg of TAT-59 and tamoxifen citrate (TAM) per kg were administered p.o. daily except Sunday. TAT-59 showed a positive antitumor effect against MCF-7 and R-27, whereas TAM was effective on MCF-7, and their adverse effects detected by mortality rate, body weight loss, and spleen weight loss were similar to each other. The reduction of ER and production of progesterone receptor (PgR) after the treatment with TAT-59 were more potent than after TAM, suggesting that TAT-59 exerts its antitumor effect through binding to ER. These findings suggest that TAT-59 might merit use in clinical trials with breast cancers.

Animals↗