Complete remission of the nephrotic syndrome due to focal glomerular sclerosis achieved with low density lipoprotein adsorption alone.
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Absorption↗
Biomedical subjects
S Sakai
Publications and source records attributed to S Sakai.
Protection against oxidative damage by dihydroflavonols in Engelhardtia chrysolepis.
Dihydroflavonol taxifolin and its glycoside, astilbin, from Engelhardtia chrysolepis were evaluated as antioxidants and radical scavengers. These dihydroflavonols inhibited superoxide anion production in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase was also inhibited by these flavonoids. Mitochondrial lipid peroxidation was inhibited only by the aglycon. Taxifolin protected peroxy radical-damaged mitochondria with no effect on enzyme activity. Furthermore, taxifolin and astilbin protected red cells against oxidative hemolysis. These dihydroflavonols were found to be effective for protecting subcellular systems and red blood cells against oxidative stress in vitro.
Animals↗
Acute expression of the PRL receptor gene after ovariectomy in midpregnant mouse mammary gland.
In order to examine the time-dependent expression of the PRL receptor (PRL-R) gene at lactogenesis, the level of PRL-R mRNA was determined following ovariectomy in pregnant mouse mammary gland. Following reverse transcription, the quantity of mRNA was measured by the competitive polymerase chain reaction. The casein (a 22,000 molecular weight component) mRNA level was measured as a marker for milk synthesis. Following ovariectomy, the onset of abortion occurred mostly at 22-23 h and the level of casein mRNA began to increase at 12 h. The long and short forms of PRL-R mRNAs were detected in a molar ratio of 1:0.2 on day 12 of pregnancy. Eight h after ovariectomy, the long form of PRL-R mRNA began to increase, showing a bell-shaped profile with the highest peak at 16 h. The short form of PRL-R mRNA was at low levels and remained constant. The levels of the long form of PRL-R mRNA decreased similarly in the presence and absence of foster pups from 24 to 48 h. Conversely, casein mRNA were maintained at high levels by supplying foster pups. The level of the long form of PRL-R mRNA reached a maximum prior to abortion. The present experiments demonstrated that the acute expression of the PRL-R gene occurred in the mammary gland at lactogenesis.
Adrenalectomy↗
Prolactin causes the dissociation of prolactin from plasma membrane receptor in lactating mouse mammary cell: action of high prolactin concentration.
In order to characterize the dissociation of receptor-bound prolactin (PRL) by mammary cells, cells were prepared from lactating mice by collagenase digestion and loaded with PRL. The dissociation reaction was performed in the presence of PRL. In the concentration range 1 ng/ml-1 micrograms/ml examined, PRL at higher than 10 ng/ml accelerated the dissociation of PRL in an concentration-dependent manner. The action of PRL on dissociation was completed within a short period. At the end of the 1 h-incubation period, the dissociation rate constant (k-1) was about 2 times larger in the presence of 1 microgram/ml of PRL than in its absence. The action of PRL occurred predominantly at the level of the plasma membrane receptor. Mammary cells with greater PRL-binding capacities had larger k-1 in response to PRL. The present data showed that the dissociation of PRL from the receptor was influenced by the concentration or PRL and by the PRL-binding capacity of the cell. The rate of PRL-receptor interaction is expressed by the equation of k-1 (PRL-bound receptors). It is probable that the exceedingly high levels of PRL, the PRL-receptor interaction occurs more frequently in the presence of PRL-dependent dissociation than in its absence.
Acetic Acid↗
A new monitor with a zinc-oxide thin film semiconductor sensor for the measurement of volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air.
Halitosis, defined as unpleasant oral odor, is a concern among the general public. Halitosis is generally diagnosed by organoleptic examination and by gas chromatographic analysis of the main source of halitosis, volatile sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide. Gas chromatography requires a large-scale system and a long running time. We investigated the use of a zinc-oxide thin film semiconductor sensor for measuring trace volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air. Mouth air samples collected in teflon bags from 21 volunteers were analyzed by 3 methods: the monitor analysis, gas chromatography, and organoleptic examination by 3 judges. The readings of the monitor were correlated with the values of the total volatile sulfur compounds measured by gas chromatography (r = 0.75, P < 0.01) and also with the organoleptic scores given by the judges (r = 0.76, P < 0.01). The organoleptic scores were correlated with the gas chromatographic values (r = 0.71, P < 0.01). These results suggest that this new monitor with a zinc-oxide thin film semiconductor sensor may be used for the diagnosis of halitosis. Its small size and simplicity of handling may enable its use for routine chair-side study and field surveys of halitosis.
Breath Tests↗
Williams syndrome associated with chronic renal failure and various endocrinological abnormalities.
A 31-year-old man who had been under regular hemodialysis for 6 months was diagnosed as Williams syndrome (WS) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) chromosomal analysis. The association of WS and chronic renal failure (CRF) is only rarely encountered. Endocrinological examinations revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Prolonged and exaggerated responses of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) were also noted. While most of the endocrinological abnormalities observed in this patient could be attributed to altered endocrine circumstances in CRF, some findings stand in contrast. Furthermore, the testicular biopsy specimen showed severe hypospermatogenesis. Endocrine disorders observed in this patient may be at least in part, responsible for various clinical features underlying WS.
Adult↗
Elevated urinary cadmium concentrations in a patient with acute cadmium pneumonitis.
BACKGROUND: Acute serious inhalation of cadmium fumes often causes chemical pneumonitis or metal fume fever. Because symptoms of both diseases begin several hours after exposure and closely mimic each other, one often mistakes chemical pneumonitis for metal fume fever in the early stages. It is, however, essential to differentiate between the two since chemical pneumonitis can progress to serious consequences. CASE: A 43-year-old man was admitted to the hospital 2 d after exposure to cadmium fumes. The initial diagnosis was metal fume fever on the basis of his history, and he was treated accordingly. His symptoms worsened however, and transient renal impairment was identified as consistent with cadmium-induced renal toxicity. Although the possibility of drug-induced renal damage could not be excluded, abnormal urinalysis findings on admission suggested that the renal tubular damage was caused by inhaled cadmium before admission. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring the urinary cadmium concentration is an effective method for confirming acute cadmium poisoning.
Adult↗
[Relationship between the quantitative morphometry and the clinical response to alpha adrenergic blocker in benign prostatic hyperplasia].
BACKGROUND: There have been few reports on the relationship between the prostatic tissue components and the effect of alpha adrenergic blocker on urination. The present study was undertaken to correlate the rates of the prostatic tissue components and the clinical response to alpha adrenergic blocker in benign prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS: 40 patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia were treated with 0.2 mg/day tamsulosin, a alpha adrenergic blocker, for 4-8 weeks followed by transurethral resection of the prostate. The mean weight of resected prostatic tissues was 25.2 g (range 5-96 g). Specimens were stained with antibodies to muscle-specific actin and to prostate-specific antigen for the detection of the smooth muscle and the glandular epithelium, respectively. Double-immunoenzymatic stained tissue sections were divided into four groups: smooth muscle, connective tissue, glandular epithelium, and glandular lumen. The rates of the areas of respective prostatic tissue components were evaluated with computer-assisted quantitative color image analysis. RESULTS: The mean rate of the area of smooth muscle, connective tissue, glandular epithelium, and glandular lumen was 32.7%, 46.9%, 10.8%, and 9.6%, respectively. International prostatic symptom score, maximum flow rate and residual urine volume before the treatment were not related to the rates of respective prostatic tissue components. International prostatic symptom score and residual urine volume were reduced and maximum flow rate was increased after the treatment with tamsulosin. A significant relationship was proved between the rate of smooth muscle and the change in maximum flow rate. The large hyperplastic adenoma contained less smooth muscle and showed a lower sensitivity to alpha adrenergic blocker than the small one. CONCLUSION: The clinical response to alpha adrenergic blocker was related to the rate of smooth muscle in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
[Treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma based on histologic type].
It is well known that clinicopathological characteristics in gastric carcinoma are different according to its histologic type, intestinal type or diffuse type. Multivariate analysis of advanced gastric carcinoma revealed that the histologic type significantly related to the type of recurrence, hematogenous metastasis or peritoneal dissemination. Therefore, we introduced a prospective randomized trial for treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma based on histologic type of carcinoma. Intraoperatively, 10 mg of mitomycin C was given via portal system in the intestinal type and given in peritoneal cavity in the diffuse type. As results, in the intestinal type, survival rate in patients with the chemotherapy was longer than that without the chemotherapy, but this did not reach to a significant difference. On the contrary, in the diffuse type, patients with the chemotherapy showed a significant longer survival rate compared to those without the chemotherapy. These results suggests the availability of treatment based on histologic type of carcinoma. Much more selective and effective improvements in this type of treatment will be required.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
[ECG-gated myocardial SPECT with 99mTc-MIBI in patients with right ventricular infarction].
Although 99mTc-pyrophosphate (PYP) myocardial scintigraphy has so far been widely used for the diagnosis of right ventricular infarction, PYP accumulation disappears within one week or so. To evaluate the myocardial condition of the right ventricle alternatively, myocardial SPECT with 99mTc-MIBI was performed in 16 patients with acute inferior left ventricular infarction, and ECG-gated myocardial SPECT data acquisition was accompanied in 14 of 16 patients. Right ventricular perfusion defect was observed in 4 of 16 patients (RVI (+) group), and the remains were negative (RVI (-) group). Then, right ventricular count increase rate (RV %WT) of MIBI from end-diastole to end-systole was calculated using an automated method which was developed for quantification of wall thickening in our laboratory. The RV %WT was conceived to be an objective index representing right ventricular contractility. RVI (+) group (n = 3) as compared with RVI (-) group (n = 11) had significant lower RV %WT (26.7 +/- 3.2 vs. 49.6 +/- 14.2; p < 0.01). In conclusion, ECG-gated myocardial SPECT with MIBI was considered to be useful for assessment of myocardial perfusion and contractility of right ventricle.
Aged↗
[A basic and clinical evaluation of a new immunoradiometric assay kit for human serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA)].
A new immunoradiometric assay kit (IRMA) of human serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) based on combination monoclonal antibodies was evaluated. Using a new TPA-IRMA, the procedure of TPA measurement was faster and the range of measurement was more wide than a conventional TPA-IRMA. 89% (76/85 cases) of patients with malignant tumor and 96.4% (27/28) of patients with metastatic malignant tumor were positively detected. This assay of new TPA-M kit is sensitive to the level of serum TPA which is corresponding to a therapy. It is concluded that a new TPA-IRMA is very useful in monitoring and assessing malignant tumors.
Adult↗
[Immunosuppressive effect of intravenously injected docosahexaenoic acid on single lung allotransplantation in the rat].
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunosuppressive effect of intravenously injected DHA in rat orthotopically transplanted allograft lung. Based on the results of the post-operative treatment, the recipients were divided into four groups; Group A (n = 3): normal. Group B (n = 3): isotransplantation with no immunosuppressive drugs. Group C (n = 6): allotransplantation with no immunosuppressive drugs. Group D-1 (n = 3): allotransplantation with DHA at a dose of 0.5 g/kg/day x 2 at 0 and 3 post-operative days (POD). Group D-2 (n = 3): allotransplantation with DHA at a dose of 0.5 g/kg/day x 4 at 0, 1, 3 and 5 POD. Group D-3 (n = 6): allotransplantation with DHA at a dose of 0.5 g/kg/day x 4 at 0, 1, 2 and 3 POD. In Groups A and B, F344 rats were used as donor and recipient. In Groups C and D, F344 rats were used as recipient and WKAH rats as donor. Studies on morphology, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral blood cells were performed at 7 POD after sacrifice. Histological changes in Group D-3 were milder than those in Grop C and D-1, but were more progressive than those in Groups A and B which showed no rejection. Peripheral leukocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes counts in Groups D-1, D-2, and D-3 were higher than those in Groups, A, B and C. Total cells and lymphocytes of BAL in Groups D-2 and D-3 were less than those in Group C, but total cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes of BAL in Groups D-2 and D-3 were more than those in Groups A and B. This study suggested that intravenously injected DHA had an immunosuppressive effect on the allotransplanted lung in the rats.
Animals↗
[Clinical analysis of 683 prostatic cancer patients in the Tokai Urological Cancer Registry].
Of 815 patients with prostatic carcinoma registered in Tokai Urological Cancer Registry between 1989 and 1991, 683 patients followed up until April to July 1992 were analyzed. The patients were between 48 and 94 years old (mean 73.2). The clinical stage was A in 96 (14.1%), B in 118 (17.3%), C in 117 (17.1%) and D in 352 (51.5%) patients. The histological study well differentiated adenocarcinoma in 150 (22%) patients, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma in 305 (44.6%), and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in 194 (28.4%) patients. There were 12 undifferentiated adenocarcinomas and 22 were not classified. The incidence of patients with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma increased with the progression of clinical stage. Hormonal therapy was the main treatment (92.8%) and a variety of hormonal therapies with surgery or chemotherapy were attempted through out the clinical stages. Overall survival rate at 5 years was 48.6%. The 5-year survival rage for stage A, B, C and D carcinoma was 84.7, 93.1, 51.8 and 30.3%, respectively. Significant differences in the survival of patients were noted among stage A or B, stage C and stage D (Logrank test: p < 0.0001). The 5-year survival rate was 70.2% for well differentiated, 53.0% for moderately differentiated, and 32.6% for poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (Logrank test: p < 0.0001). Disease-specific death was observed in 128 patients (66%), and cardio- or cerebrovascular death accounted for 16 (8%) deaths.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Two cases of localized organizing pneumonia simulating lung cancer].
Localized organizing pneumonia is one of the benign conditions which must be differentiated from lung cancer. We have reported two cases of localized organizing pneumonia diagnosed by histological study of surgical specimens. Two cases were initially regarded as lung cancer, because the symptoms of respiratory tract infection were not remarkable and initial roentgenographic findings revealed a tumor-like shadow. Diagnostic thoracoscopy which was less invasive upon a patient were very useful in differentiating organizing pneumonia from lung cancer.
Adult↗
Identifying areas at high-risk for neonatal tetanus.
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China↗
Thiadiazole derivatives: highly potent and specific HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
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Antiviral Agents↗
Etiology of gastric remnant cancer with special reference to the effects of denervation of the gastric mucosa.
BACKGROUND: Gastric mucosal blood flow, secretion of mucin, and renewal of the gastric mucosal cells are considered to be defensive factors against gastric mucosal injuries. These factors are regulated by the nervous system and neuropeptides. Gastrectomy may affect this regulation and induce gastric mucosal changes, such as atrophic gastritis and carcinoma. The effects of denervation of the gastric mucosa on tumorigenesis of the remnant stomach were investigated. METHODS: Using male Wistar rats, four groups of Billroth I (B-I)gastrectomy, Billroth II (B-II) gastrectomy, and those with denervation were conducted. Subdiaphragmatic truncal vagotomy was performed in the denervated group. Thirty weeks after the operations, histologic examination and periodic acid-Schiff--Alcian blue (PAS-AB) staining of the gastric mucosa, analysis of cell kinetics of the gastric mucosa by immunohistochemistry of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and measurement of intragastric pH, intragastric bile acid concentration, and serum gastrin levels were performed. No carcinogenic agents were given. RESULTS: The B-I group showed no remarkable gastric mucosal changes, but B-I with denervation showed a significant increase in the development of tumor (67%) and carcinoma (42%). In the B-II groups, the denervation induced a significant increase in tumorigenesis, from 22% to 58%. Analysis of cell kinetics revealed a significant increase of labeling index in those groups that developed tumors. PAS-AB staining showed a decrease of PAS positive mucin but an increase of acidic mucin-producing cells in the denervated groups, suggesting an increase in the number of immature cells that are more susceptible to atrophic gastritis and carcinoma. There was no close relationship between tumorigenesis and intragastric pH, intragastric bile acid concentration, or serum gastrin levels. CONCLUSIONS: After gastrectomy, not only duodenogastric reflux, but also the denervation of the gastric mucosa play an important role in the etiology of gastric remnant cancer.
Animals↗
Gene cloning, purification, and characterization of thermostable and halophilic leucine dehydrogenase from a halophilic thermophile, Bacillus licheniformis TSN9.
A halophilic and thermophilic isolate from the sand of Tottori Dune was found to produce a thermostable and halophilic leucine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.9). It was identified to be a new strain of Bacillus licheniformis. The enzyme gene was cloned into Escherichia coli JM109 with a vector plasmid pUC18. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the clone cell extract by ion-exchange column chromatography with a yield of 31%. The enzyme was found to be composed of eight subunits identical in relative molecular mass (43,000). The amino acid sequence of the enzyme, deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the gene, showed an identity of 84.6% with that of the B. stearothermophilus enzyme [Nagata S, Tanizawa K, Esaki N, Sakamoto Y, Oshima T, Tanaka H, Soda K (1988) Biochemistry 27:9056-9062], although both enzymes were similar to each other in various enzymological properties such as thermostability, substrate and coenzyme specificities, and stereospecificity for hydrogen transfer from the C-4 of NADH. However, they were markedly distinct from each other in halophilicity; the B. licheniformis enzyme was much more stable than the other in the presence of high concentrations of salts.
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗