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Biomedical subjects

S Saigal

Publications and source records attributed to S Saigal.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Serum bilirubin levels in breast- and formula-fed infants in the first 5 days of life.

A prospective study was conducted in a level II maternity unit to investigate the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in healthy, term, breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Serum bilirubin levels were determined for 176 breast-red and 164 formula-fed infants in cord blood and on days 1, 2, 3 and 5 after birth. The mean total bilirubin levels were significantly higher on each postnatal day in the breast-fed infants, as was the proportion of infants with peak levels above 12 mg/dl (205 mumol/l; 28% v. 6%). The breast-fed infants also had significantly higher proportional weight losses on each postnatal day than the formula-fed infants. However, there was no correlation between the cumulative weight loss on day 3 and bilirubin levels on the same day with either feeding regimen. None of the infants required an exchange transfusion or prolonged care in hospital for hyperbilirubinemia.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1982

The outcome in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. A longitudinal follow-up study.

Infants with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection were identified through urine cultures of 15,212 consecutive neonates and studied prospectively to determine whether their neurodevelopmental and audiologic status was different from that of matched uninfected control subjects. Of 64 children with congenital CMV infection, three died, 11 could not be located for follow-up, one had quadriplegic cerebral palsy, and seven had varying degrees of sensorineural hearing loss. All matched control subjects were normal neurologically, and none of them had sensorineural hearing impairment. The Stanford-Binet test revealed scores within the normal range, at 3 and 5 years of age, for both children with CMV infection and matched control subjects, as did the preschool assessment (Wide Range Achievement Test) in children older than 5 years. However, in children with CMV infection, the home environment was less stimulating, discipline and punishment were more readily implemented, and behavioral problems were significantly greater than in the matched control subjects.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1982

Survey amongst workers in pesticide factories.

Blood samples of 75 pesticide factory workers in Agra Division, India, were analyzed for biochemical parameters of clinical importance. About 75% of the subjects had significantly low levels of serum cholinesterase activity. Several subjects had below average blood sugar and urea values. The majority had elevated levels of serum cholesterol, phospholipid and SGOT activity. 52 workers reported general toxic symptoms. A correlation between the clinical manifestations and blood biochemical parameters has been attempted.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1982

Effect of selected pesticides on alkaline and acid phosphatase in the rat.

A single oral dose of DDT (60.0 mg/kg), malathion (687.5 mg/kg), phosalone (60.0 mg/kg) and elsan (175.0 mg/kg) to adult male albino rats produced significant impairment in acid and alkaline phosphatase activities within 1 h of dosing. Renal and hepatic alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly inhibited in all cases, while treatment with malathion and phosalone resulted in an increase in intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity. Elsan induced an increase in acid phosphatase activity in liver, kidney and intestine whereas the response to DDT, malathion and phosalone was variable.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Follow-up of infants 501 to 1,500 gm birth weight delivered to residents of a geographically defined region with perinatal intensive care facilities.

In an attempt to minimize the selection bias inherent in reporting the outcome of premature infants from a particular neonatal intensive care unit, this study presents data on all 294 live births 501 to 1,500 gm birth weight born to residents in the Hamilton-Wentworth region during 1973-78. The survival rate was 31.9% in infants less than or equal to 1,000 gm and 82.6% in infants between 1,001 to 1,500 gm. In all, 184 infants (62.6%) were discharged alive and 37 of these had weight less than or equal to 1,000 gm. The mean BW of the survivors was 1,216 +/- 214 gm and the mean gestation was 30.0 +/- 2.9 weeks, with 18.0% being small-for-gestational age. Neurologic handicaps including cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, microcephaly, blindness, deafness, and mental retardation occurred in 30/179 (16.8%) survivors. The incidence of neurologic handicaps was 30% among babies who received IPPV versus 10% in those who did not. Within the IPPV and non-IPPV groups, there were no significant differences in handicap rates by 500 gm BW class.

Catchment Area, Health↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of neonatal-intensive-care programs.

Within the past 15 years, regional neonatal-intensive-care programs have been introduced and have expanded rapidly. The efficacy of some of the individual interventions that constitute neonatal intensive care has been validated in randomized, controlled clinical trials. It is therefore generally assumed that neonatal-intensive-care programs that incorporate these maneuvers are effective in reducing death and disability. However, the overall effectiveness of these programs has not been tested experimentally. Moreover, much of the non-experimental evidence supporting their value is based on the experience of referral units and does not measure the impact on the populations they serve. A definitive economic evaluation of neonatal intensive care has not yet been reported, despite the high cost of such programs. We conclude that neonatal-intensive care programs require further evaluation with rigorous scientific methods.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1981

Observations on the behavioral state of newborn infants during the first hour of life. A comparison of infants delivered by the Leboyer and conventional methods.

Minute-by-minute observations are reported on the behavioral state during the first hour of life of 18 term infants delivered by the Leboyer (L) method and 18 by the conventional (C) method. The mothers were unmedicated and only two women in each group received epidural anesthetics. All deliveries were spontaneous and the infants were healthy. The behavioural states of both groups of infants were very similar, with the infants spending approximately 60% of the first hour in the quiet-alert state (median time: L = 41.5 C = 35.0 minutes) and only 10% of the time in the irritable-crying state. ALthough there were some individual differences, both groups of infants spent the second 30 minutes of the first hour predominantly in the quiet-alert state. The clinical relevance of these observations is that the first hour of life can be used to advantage in promoting parent-infant interaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A randomized clinical trial of the Leboyer approach to childbirth.

To examine the effects of the Leboyer method of delivery, we randomly assigned 56 women to either a Leboyer or a conventional delivery and used a variety of clinical and behavioral measures to assess the outcome in mother and child. No differences were noted in maternal or newborn morbidity, in infant behavior in the first hour of life, at 24 or 72 hours post partum, or at eight months of age; or in maternal perceptions of her infant and the experience of giving birth, except that eight months after delivery, mothers who had used the Leboyer method were more likely to say that the event had influenced their child's behavior (P = 0.05). Women who expected a Leboyer delivery had shorter active labors (P = 0.03), suggesting that psychologic factors (expectations) influence physical outcomes in perinatal medicine. Our results suggest that the Leboyer procedure has no advantage over a gentle, conventional delivery in influencing infant and maternal outcomes.

Behavior↗
PubMed1980

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in an urban Canadian community.

congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was diagnosed in 64 (0.42%) of 15,212 infants born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, during a period of 44 consecutive months. Urine specimens collected within 48 hr of birth were screened for CMV by inoculation into cell cultures. Only four infants had clinical or laboratory findings in the first week of life that suggested cytomegalic inclusion disease; CMV infection was mild or inapparent in the remainder. Fourteen CMV-positive infants (21.9%) had birth weights of less than or equal to 2,500 g, including eight of 11 premature infants (less than or equal to 37 weeks of gestation). Only five CMV-positive infants were small for gestational age. Overall, there were no significant differences between CMV-positive and CMV-negative infants in mean gestational age or mean measurements of weight and head circumference at birth. Mothers of CMV-positive infants were predominantly younger, primiparous women of lower educational and economic status, and the number who were unmarried was about threefold greater than among mothers of uninfected infants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Urine solute excretion in growing low-birth-weight infants.

Fifteen thriving low-birth-weight infants who weighed less than 1,950 gm at birth were randomly selected to study the urine solute excretion on two milk-based proprietary formulas, SMA or Formula 4. The results showed that urine oxmolality rose progressively with increasing caloric concentration and was 78, 111, and 163 mOsm/kg H2O on 67, 80, and 100 kCal/dl SMA, respectively. Formula 4 gave rise to significantly higher urine osmolality (133 mOsm/kg H2O) than SMA, when fed at the same caloric density of 67 kCal/dl. Although the dependence of urine solute excretion on dietary load was confirmed, the rapidly growing low-birth-weight infant appears to incorporate a larger portion of potential urine solute into growing tissues, than is the case in the term infant.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Radiological findings in symptomatic neonatal plethora resulting from placental transfusion.

As a result of excessive placental transfusion at birth, 8 premature and 3 full-term infants presented with cardiorespiratory and neurological symptoms. Cord clamping was delayed in all infants, and blood volume studies showed polycythemia or hypervolemia. The radiological findings included pulmonary vascular congestion, hyperaeration, pleural effusion, and mild cardiomegaly. Most infants responded to conservative medical management and were asymptomatic within 24 to 72 hours. Three acutely ill infants showed great improvement after phlebotomy, providing further evidence that circulatory overload due to placental transfusion may be the etiological factor in this symptom-complex.

Heart Failure↗
PubMed1977

Symptomatic neonatal plethora.

Blood volume and clinical data are reported on 8 premature and 3 full-term infants who presented with symptoms apparently due to polycythemia or hypervolemia. These cases termed 'symptomatic neonatal plethora' were caused by large placental transfusions associated with delayed clamping of the umbilical cord. Tachypnea, mild cyanosis, plethoric skin color, and neurological depression persisted on average for 30 h after birth. Chest X-rays showed mild cardiomegaly, pulmonary congestion and edema, and pleural effusions. Although the course was in general benign, phlebotomy was considered to be indicated in three infants to treat progressive clinical deterioration. The symptomatology and blood volume on these infants were compared with infants in an ongoing study with controlled time of cord clamping. Neonatal plethora must be considered as one cause of 'transient tachypnea of the newborn'.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1975

Estimation of red blood cell volume in premature infants with and without respiratory distress syndrome.

Red blood cell volume was estimated indirectly from plasma volume and venous hematocrit measurements in 262 consecutively delivered premature infants of less than 37 weeks' gestation. Infants with respiratory distress syndrome averaged lower red cell volumes (P0.02) than those without. Fatal cases had the lowest volumes. There was a 10.3% mortality from RDS (respiratory distress syndrome) among the one third of infants with the smallest red cell volumes, and only a 2.3% mortality among the one third with the largest volumes. Red cell volume was shown to be a direct correlate of time of cord clamping and thereby of the amount of placental transfusion, both in infants with and without RDS. From this study it is probable that delayed cord clamping, by allowing placental transfusion, decreases the risk of death from RDS in premature infants. Delay in clamping the umbilical cord for 1-1.5 min is advised in premature births.

Blood Volume↗