Analysis of diet surveys in North Bengal: statistical evaluation of calorie coefficients in economically poor families.
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Diet Surveys↗
Biomedical subjects
S SWAROOP
Publications and source records attributed to S SWAROOP.
Index of endemicity.
The author discusses the difficulties involved in defining the term "endemicity", and suggests a new approach to the problem-namely, the establishment of indices of endemicity, based on such data as are usually collected by national health administrations (mortality and morbidity rates, spleen-rates, case incidence in seaports, etc.). Examples are given of the calculation of the endemicity index for a number of diseases from different types of data obtained from various countries. An important advantage of the endemicity index is that it provides an easy means of studying the geographical pattern of endemic foci of disease.
Communicable Diseases↗
Proportional mortality of 50 years and above; a suggested indicator of the component health, including demographic conditions in the measurement of levels of living.
In 1954 the United Nations Committee of Experts on International Definition and Measurement of Standards and Levels of Living suggested that for the measurement of levels of living quantifiable or potentially quantifiable components should be considered separately. An attempt is made in the present paper to evolve a single, comprehensive numerical indicator to quantify the component "health, including demographic conditions".The use of an objective statistical technique as a guide in the selection of such an indicator is suggested. From the application of this technique, it is concluded that the percentage of deaths at the ages 50 years and over to total deaths (proportional mortality) affords a fairly suitable yardstick by which broad inter-country comparisons may be made. This indicator has the advantages of simplicity of calculation, comprehensiveness, availability of data, possibility of international comparability despite the varying quality of basic statistical information, sensitivity for the purpose of inter-country comparisons, and validity for studying levels and trends.
Death↗
Estimation of bacterial density of water samples; methods of attaining international comparability.
The statistical problems involved in the estimation of the bacterial density of water samples by the so-called "dilution" method are reviewed, and some ways of arriving at international comparability of estimates are suggested. It is emphasized that the aim of the dilution test should be not only to determine the "most probable number" of organisms in the sample, but also to specify the accuracy of the estimation by providing two confidence limits within which the true bacterial density will lie. The dilution schemes recommended for routine testing of water quality, for more precise estimations of the number of organisms in a water supply before and after treatment, at different times, or at different levels, and for tests of heavily polluted supplies are described, and the factors affecting the frequency with which sampling should be carried out are briefly discussed.
Bacteria↗
Accident mortality among children.
The authors present statistics on mortality from accidents, with special reference to those relating to the age-group 1-19 years. For a number of countries figures are given for the proportional mortality from accidents (the number of accident deaths expressed as a percentage of the number of deaths from all causes) and for the specific death-rates, per 100 000 population, from all causes of death, from selected causes, from all causes of accidents, and from various types of accident. From these figures it appears that, in most countries, accidents are becoming relatively increasingly prominent as a cause of death in childhood, primarily because of the conquest of other causes of death-such as infectious and parasitic diseases, which formerly took a heavy toll of children and adolescents-but also to some extent because the death-rate from motor-vehicle accidents is rising and cancelling out the reduction in the rate for other causes of accidental death. In the authors' opinion, further epidemiological investigations into accident causation are required for the purpose of devising quicker and more effective methods of accident prevention.
Accidents↗
Cholera studies. 2. World incidence.
In this study, figures relating to cholera deaths occurring in individual countries, from 1900 to 1952, are recorded as well as the incidence of the disease from 1923 up to the present time. The mode of spread of cholera from its endemic home in India to outside countries is described in relation to favourable seasons, main routes followed by the infection, and the role played by large religious gatherings. The incidence of the disease in the various seaports infected within recent years is discussed.
Cholera↗
Snakebite mortality in the world.
In examining the relative importance of snakebite mortality in different parts of the world, the authors review the information collected concerning both snakebite mortality and the species of snake incriminated. Available statistical data are known to be unreliable and at best can serve to provide only an approximate and highly conservative estimate of the relative magnitude of the snakebite problem. The sources of error inherent in the data are discussed, and estimates are made of the probable mortality from snakebite in various areas of the world.
Probability↗
The health aspects of world population.
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Communicable Disease Control↗