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Biomedical subjects

S S Rothstein

Publications and source records attributed to S S Rothstein.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Tissue response in dogs to dense hydroxylapatite implantation in the femur.

Six and eight years after the implantation of both granular and solid ceramic hydroxylapatite forms in the femurs of beagle dogs, histologic examination demonstrated that the implants were totally encased in dense mature bone. The endosteal and periosteal surfaces appeared normal, and no resorption of the solid implants was observed. However, at six years, a few granules located at the periosteal surface showed interdigitation of connective tissue stalks, with large multinucleated cells at the interface with the implant. This phenomenon may represent some limited resorptive activity on the surfaces of these few isolated granules. Initially, radiographs showed exaggerated degrees of bone deposition on the endosteal surface under the solid implants (discs), as opposed to a less pronounced endosteal response to the implants of particulate material. In some cases, particularly with the disc implants, cracks were found in the ceramic material six years after implantation. These cracks, on staining, were found to be filled with amorphous material, suggesting an osseous matrix. The results of these long-term studies indicate that such hydroxylapatite implants in bone are highly biocompatible. Bone deposition and maturation on the implant surface resulted in a homogeneous bone/implant interface in which the host tissues appeared to respond to the implant as if it were normal bone.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Long-term study of hydroxylapatite implants in canine alveolar bone.

Routine light and fluorescence microscopic examination of hydroxylapatite root implants showed that, in general, bone formed above the original superior surface of the ceramic implant on the lingual crest. In the 40 experimental specimens recovered, 30% also showed new bone completely covering the implant, proceeding from the buccal to the lingual area. Sixty per cent of the specimens that exhibited complete osseous covering were the more posteriorly placed implants from the fourth premolar and the first molar areas. Thirty-three per cent of the specimens exhibited bone formation at or over the superior buccal margin of the implant.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1984

Use of hydroxylapatite for the augmentation of deficient alveolar ridges.

Investigations were undertaken to evaluate nonresorbable, particulate ceramic hydroxylapatite (durapatite) for augmentation of deficient alveolar ridges. One hundred and fifteen augmentations in both jaws were reported for 110 patients over a 33-month postoperative period. Subjective and objective data show that the implant was successful for all classes of ridges augmented; height, bulk, contour, and ridge form generally improved, and soft tissue overlying the augmented ridges was firm and immobile. Impressions for dentures were usually obtained four to six weeks after surgery, and the dentures were more stable, retentive, and esthetically pleasing than the preoperative prostheses and required fewer relinings. Other than transiently altered sensations resulting from mental nerve manipulation during surgery, patients had few complications. No infection or bone resorption beneath the implant was observed throughout these studies. It was concluded that hydroxylapatite particles placed through a subperiosteal tunnel offer a highly successful method of ridge augmentation and eliminate the most serious problems associated with the use of autogenous or banked bone, namely, morbidity, risk, costliness, and poor results.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Histologic observation of soft tissue responses to implanted, multifaceted particles and discs of hydroxylapatite.

The effects on soft tissue of short- and long-term implants of ceramic hydroxylapatite (durapatite) are reported. In rats, after one week and one, six, and 12 months of subcutaneous implantation of hydroxylapatite in multifaceted particle and disc form, neither particles nor discs had resulted in any microscopically remarkable inflammation. In beagle dogs, after subcutaneous implantation of hydroxylapatite as multifaceted particles and as discs for seven and 24 days, nine months, and two and six years, no implant migration was observed. Encapsulation of particles and discs of increasing thickness was seen throughout the six years of observation. Except for a few isolated macrophages seen within the connective tissue stroma at seven and 24 days, no evidence of inflammation was found. In tissue sections taken at six months from beagle dogs in which multifaceted particles had been placed subperiosteally beneath the gingiva, dense connective tissue was observed adjacent to and surrounding the individual particles. These results show that hydroxylapatite implanted subcutaneously in rats and dogs produces little or no inflammatory response and is compatible with tissue irrespective of the shape of the implant.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Use of durapatite for the rehabilitation of resorbed alveolar ridges.

These investigations were undertaken to evaluate durapatite, a particulate, ceramic, nonresorbable bone-grafting material for augmentation of deficient alveolar ridges. A total of 207 augmentations were reported among 198 patients over 24 months. Subjective and objective data showed that durapatite alone was successful for all classes of ridges augmented; height, bulk, contour, and ridge form generally improved and soft tissue overlying the augmented ridges was firm and immobile. Impressions for dentures usually began 4 to 6 weeks after surgery and these dentures remained stable, retentive, and esthetically pleasing throughout the study. Other than transiently altered sensations resulting from mental nerve manipulation during surgery, no other important procedural complications were noted. No infection or bone resorption beneath the implant was observed throughout these studies. Durapatite used in an outpatient setting provides a less costly and more permanent method for alveolar ridge augmentation than do augmentation procedures using autogenous or banked bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Passive immunization for hepatitis B.

Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of gamma globulin in preventing type B hepatitis. These investigations have evaluated the effectivenesses of standard immunoglobulin (IG) and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) in pre-exposure and postexposure settings. The current data suggest that HBIG and standard IG containing some antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen may be effective for pre- and postexposure prophylaxis of hepatitis B. It is recommended that HBIG be used for the postexposure prophylaxis of individuals sustaining accidental needle-stick or mucosal exposure to blood known to contain hepatitis B surface antigen. If HBIG is unavailable, then standard IG may be beneficial. While pre-exposure prophylaxis with gamma globulin may be effective, there are appropriate environmental control methods available that may significantly reduce the transmission of hepatitis B, and these should be fully implemented.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1981

Hepatitis B virus: an overview for dentists.

Hepatitis B has been singled out as a condition of special concern to dentists as it is frequently severe and debilitating. A review of the literature shows a significant and increasing risk of hepatitis among dentists, especially oral surgeons. Concern is directed toward dentists who contract the disease as well as those who transmit the infection.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1981

Methods of hepatitis B virus transfer in oral surgery.

There are a variety of modes of transmission of the hepatitis B virus. Although the traditional parenteral mechanism of direct transfer of the virus via a needle containing infected serum or plasma is the most common, nontraditional parenteral mechanisms have been documented. These include transfer of the virus via saliva and plasma through minute skin abrasions, through mucosal surfaces, and indirectly via inanimate environmental surfaces. Current evidence does not support an intestinal mode of transmission. The various modes of transmission. The various modes of transfer of hepatitis B virus cause particular problems for people in the dental health care profession. However, knowledge of the different modes of virus transmission will allow the dental practitioner to take appropriate precautions to prevent transfer of hepatitis B virus from patient to dentist.

Blood↗