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Biomedical subjects

S S Poss

Publications and source records attributed to S S Poss.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Patterns of life events derived from demographic rates and social norms.

"A simulation programme is described which constructs whole life courses from sequences of birth, entering into and dissolution of marriage, fertility and death. Data are derived from probabilities of these events based on demographic rates and social rules (the SOCSIM programme); descriptions of lives are obtained from a post-processor. The simulation is applied to two contrasting populations [the United States and Madagascar] to show the relative influence of vital rates and divorce rules on lives in a high mortality-high fertility and low mortality-low fertility population."

Africa↗
PubMed1980

Estimates of U.S. multiple cause life tables.

Cause elimination life tables estimated from multiple cause of death data for four race/sex groups are presented for the U.S. population in 1969. These "multiple cause" life tables are then compared to cause elimination life tables where the mortality risk eliminated is that of the cause of death only in its occurrence as the underlying cause of death. An evaluation is made of the possible effects of the multiple cause data on our perception of the relative importance of the major causes of death. The reconceptualization of mortality risks made possible by the multiple cause of death data is also assessed in terms of its providing further insight into the "Taeuber paradox."

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effects of dependency among causes of death for cause elimination life table strategies.

A study is made of the effects of associated causes of death, and of dependency among causes of death, by observing the relative importance of one cause of death when another is eliminated under various competing risk models. Two disease pairs, cancer and infectious disease and stroke and ischemic heart disease, are selected for analysis because they represent different types of disease dependence. Crude probabilities of death for each disease are calculated for the U.S. white male population in 1969. Next, the effects of the complementary disease in a pair are hypothetically eliminated in one of three ways: (a) a standard competing risk adjustment for cause elimination when deaths are singly caused (Chiang, 1968), (b) lethal defect-pattern of failure computations for multiply caused death when no causal order is inferred (Manton et al., 1976), and (c) relative susceptibility, computations for multiply caused deaths when causes are ordered (Wong, 1977). The paper closes with a discussion of the relative merits of the three types of adjustments.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1978

A linear models application of competing risks to multiple causes of death.

An analysis is performed to ascertain the joint incidence of two causes of death, acute myocardial infarct and stroke, for the deaths of residents of Massachusetts and North Carolina in 1969. To assay their association an explicit biological model of the nature of the relation is posited. It is shown that, under this model, Chiang's (1968) theory of competing risks may be extended to the case in which an individual's death may have multiple causes. Furthermore, techniques are developed which allow us to model the survival parameters derived under the model by categorical data procedures of the type introduced by Grizzle, Starmer and Koch (1969). The study shows that there is a greater incidence of the joint occurrence of stroke and myocardial infarct on death certificates in North Carolina than in Massachusetts, a pattern consistent with the generally higher stroke mortality in North Carolina. Furthermore, the incidence of the joint occurrence of the two diseases shows a clear age "gradient" increasing through the age range of the analysis. Males and females show somewhat different patterns of age variation in that state-by-age interaction terms are more prominent in the model fitted for females than for males.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Life table techniques for multiple-cause mortality.

A lethal defect-wear model of mortality is presented which rationalizes the assumption of independent risks when death may be due to more than a single condition. Under this model, it is shown how competing risk theory and standard categorical data methods may be merged in a unified approach to the analysis of multiple-cause mortality data. The methodology is used to analyze linkages among diseases in the mortality data and evaluate the implication of the elimination of patterns of morbid states for multiple-cause mortality data from deaths occurring in 1969 in North Carolina.

Aging↗