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S S Moore

Publications and source records attributed to S S Moore.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Characterization of 65 bovine microsatellites.

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeat (SSR) polymorphisms are used widely in the construction of linkage maps in many species. High levels of polymorphism coupled with the ease of analysis of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have resulted in this type of maker being one of the most widely used for genetic analysis. In this paper we describe 58 polymorphic bovine microsatellites that were isolated from insert size selected bovine genomic libraries. Primer sequences, number of alleles, and heterozygosity levels in cattle reference families are reported. Chromosomal locations for 47 of these microsatellites as well as for 7 previously described systems derived from entries in the Genbank or EMBL databases have been determined. The markers map to 24 syntenic or chromosomal locations. Polymorphic bovine microsatellites were estimated to occur, on average, every 320 kb, and there is no evidence of clustering in the genome. Thirty of the bovine-derived microsatellite systems gave specific and polymorphic products in sheep, adding to the number of useful markers in that species.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A genetic map of index DNA loci on bovine chromosome 21.

Genetic maps of highly polymorphic index DNA loci exist essentially only in humans and some experimental organisms. Here we report the first genetic map of highly polymorphic index DNA loci in livestock for bovine chromosome 21. This map consists of six loci with an average heterozygosity of 82%, each with a minimum of five alleles, spaced at an average genetic distance of 9.7 cM, and covers most of the expected length of the acrocentric bovine chromosome 21. The order of markers along the chromosome is cen-ETH 131-UWCA 4-TGLA 337-TGLA 122-CSSM 18-GMBT 16-tel. There is heterogeneity among the recombination fractions between the sexes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A genetic map of DNA loci on bovine chromosome 1.

We constructed a genetic map of most of the length of bovine chromosome 1 using the CSIRO and the Texas A&M University cattle reference families. Twelve loci are in a single linkage group, 9 of which are highly polymorphic loci. Four loci are of known biochemical function, alpha-1 crystallin (CRYA1), gamma-s crystallin (CRYG8), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS), and these have also been previously mapped in humans. The loci CRYA 1, CSRD 1613, GMBT 7, RM 95, SOD1, and UMPS had been previously assigned to bovine syntenic group U10, while CSRD 1613 and UMPS had also been assigned to chromosome 1 by in situ hybridization. All of the loci show statistically significant linkage to at least one other locus. The conserved loci indicate that there have been major rearrangements during the evolution of bovine chromosome 1 compared to other mammalian chromosomes. The estimate of the total length of the linkage group is 168 cM, which accords well with the predicted length based on chiasmata frequencies for the bovine genome and the relative size of chromosome 1 in the bovine genome.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Microsatellite mapping of a gene affecting horn development in Bos taurus.

The presence or absence of horns in Bos taurus is thought to be under the genetic control of the autosomal polled locus, characterized by two alleles: P dominant over p, and causing the polled or hornless phenotype. We have demonstrated genetic linkage between the polled locus and two microsatellite markers, GMPOLL-1 and GMPOLL-2, and have assigned the corresponding linkage group to bovine chromosome 1. This confirms the existence of the postulated polled locus and the hypothesized inheritance pattern. It will allow marker assisted selection for the polledness trait in breeding programs and is a first step towards positional cloning and molecular study of a gene that has been subjected to both natural and artificial selection.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

Bovine and ovine DNA microsatellites from the EMBL and GENBANK databases.

Bovine and ovine microsatellite sequences were extracted from the EMBL and GENBANK databases. When analysed for number of alleles and degree of heterozygosity in the CSIRO cattle reference families, allele numbers range from 1 to 14 with heterozygosities, in the polymorphic systems ranging from 15.8% to 100%. Six (46%) of the 13 bovine systems tested gave specific and polymorphic products in sheep. Similarly 2 of the 4 ovine systems gave specific and polymorphic products in cattle. These data define 11 bovine and 8 ovine microsatellite systems which are associated with known genes and are thus useful for comparative mapping studies.

Alleles↗
PubMed1991

The conservation of dinucleotide microsatellites among mammalian genomes allows the use of heterologous PCR primer pairs in closely related species.

The high degree of polymorphism displayed by DNA microsatellites makes them useful as DNA markers in linkage studies. A search of the DNA sequence databases revealed that the locations of dinucleotide microsatellites are often conserved among mammalian species, enabling the prediction of the presence of DNA microsatellites using comparative genetic data. In closely related species such as cattle and sheep, this conservation was close enough to allow PCR primers designed for use in one species to be used to analyze microsatellite length polymorphism in the other. A total of 48 sets of primer pairs, flanking bovine microsatellites and giving polymorphic PCR products in that species, were tested with template DNA from sheep, horses, and humans. Specific products were obtained in 27 cases (56%) with ovine DNA, 20 of which (42%) showed polymorphisms. With equine DNA, 3 (6.2%) gave specific but monomorphic products, while no specific products were obtained using human DNA. The ability to use heterologous PCR primers, coupled with comparative mapping information will facilitate the use of DNA microsatellites in gene mapping studies in closely related species such as cattle and sheep, rat and mouse, or primates.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Assignment of the growth hormone gene locus to 19q26-qter in cattle and to 11q25-qter in sheep by in situ hybridization.

The growth hormone gene locus (GH) of cattle and sheep was mapped to a chromosomal region in each species by using in situ hybridization. The probe employed was an 830-bp cDNA sequence from the ovine growth hormone gene. Based on QFQ chromosome preparations, our results show that the GH locus is on cattle chromosome 19 in the region of bands q26-qter and in sheep on chromosome region 11q25-qter. The GH assignments together with previous localizations of type I cytokeratin genes (KRTA) and one homeobox (HOX2) gene in cattle and one type I cytokeratin gene (KRTA) in sheep identify a strongly conserved chromosomal segment on human chromosome 17, bovine chromosome 19, and sheep chromosome 11.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The influence of dextrose administration on neurologic outcome after temporary spinal cord ischemia in the rabbit.

The influence of dextrose administration on neurologic outcome after temporary spinal cord ischemia was examined in New Zealand white rabbits. Spinal cord ischemia was produced by infrarenal balloon occlusion of the aorta in unanesthetized animals. Animals were observed for 3 days for neurologic evaluation. Fasted animals received intravenous dextrose, 0.5 g.kg-1, or placebo before a period spinal cord ischemia. The dextrose was administered as either a bolus of a 50% solution (D50) 15 min before ischemia or as an infusion of a 5% solution (D5W) over 90 min before ischemia. With either mode of administration, preocclusion plasma glucose level was moderately increased as compared with that in animals that received lactated Ringer's solution in equivalent volume, i.e., for the D50 bolus: 291 +/- 82 (SD) versus 166 +/- 67 mg.dl-1 (P less than 0.005); and for D5W infusion: 177 +/- 38 versus 137 +/- 13 mg.dl-1 (P less than 0.01). With either mode of administration, neurologic outcome was poorer (P less than 0.025) at 72 h in the animals that had received dextrose. For example, of the 10 animals that received D5W by infusion, nine were paraplegic (unable to walk) 72 h after ischemia, whereas only three of 10 control animals were paraplegic. The adverse effect of an increased blood glucose level has been demonstrated previously for cerebral ischemia. The present results are the first demonstration that increased plasma glucose may result in a worsened neurologic outcome after spinal cord ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of uridine 5'-diphosphate on cryogenic brain edema in rabbits.

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of uridine 5'-diphosphate, administered intravenously or intraperitoneally, on cold injury-induced brain edema in rabbits. Bolus injection or continuous intravenous infusion of uridine 5'-diphosphate 26 hours after a lesion was established had adverse effects, such as increased intracranial pressure and lowered systolic arterial blood pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure for approximately 10-29 minutes, but these parameters did not change appreciably from 29 minutes to 3 hours after administration. Intraperitoneally administered uridine 5'-diphosphate did not affect these parameters appreciably during 3 hours. Thus, the intravenous administration of uridine 5'-diphosphate is harmful under neurosurgical conditions. In contrast, 10 mg/kg/day i.p. uridine 5'-diphosphate pretreatment and posttreatment, beginning 24 hours before and continuing until 24 hours after the insult, significantly reduced neurologic abnormalities, Evans blue extravasation, water content in the injured gray matter, and intracranial pressure without affecting water content in the white matter. Intravenous dexamethasone pretreatment and posttreatment in this setting significantly reduced only neurologic abnormalities. However, there were no significant differences between intraperitoneal uridine 5'-diphosphate and intravenous dexamethasone effects on cold-injured brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Oestrogen sulfotransferase: isolation of a high specific activity species from bovine placenta.

During the course of a study of the control of expression of steroid-binding proteins in human mammary cancer oestrogen sulfotransferase was isolated from bovine placenta. By a combination of salt precipitation and ion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography two forms of the enzyme were isolated. The forms, which apparently differ only in charge, have specific activities 100-300 times greater than has previously been reported for the enzyme. Partial peptide sequences of these enzymes are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Oestrogen sulfotransferase: molecular cloning and sequencing of cDNA for the bovine placental enzyme.

The female sex hormone, oestrogen, plays a central role in breast cell proliferation in both the normal and malignant state. It controls transcription from several genes, including that for the progesterone receptor, and in endometrial tissue, via this receptor, it controls the gene for the enzyme oestrogen sulfotransferase. This enzyme may control the level of the oestrogen receptor by sulfurylating free oestradiol. To study the mode of transcriptional control exercised by oestrogen, bovine oestrogen sulfotransferase cDNA has been cloned and the nucleotide sequence determined. The message, of which 1812 bases have been sequenced, contains an open reading frame of 885 bases which encode a protein of 295 amino acids and a maximum apparent molecular weight of 34,600. The deduced protein sequence is supported by existing peptide sequence data and appears to contain a steroid-binding region. Some physico-chemical characteristics of the enzyme appear to differ markedly from those previously reported.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Acute cerebral effects of isotonic crystalloid and colloid solutions following cryogenic brain injury in the rabbit.

Despite the numerous studies examining the relative merits of crystalloids versus colloids for expansion of intravascular volume, little attention has been directed to the cerebral effects of these solutions. In particular, the effect of changes in plasma oncotic pressure on brain water content are poorly understood. The authors recently examined the acute effects of changes in plasma osmolality and colloid oncotic pressure in normal animals, and found that a 65% reduction in oncotic pressure had no detectable effect on brain water content or intracranial pressure. In an effort to extend these studies to a more clinically relevant situation, the authors have now compared the acute effects of 0.9% saline, 6% hetastarch, and 5% albumin on regional cerebral water content and intracranial pressure in an animal model of brain injury produced by focal cortical freezing. Under general anesthesia and following the production of the cryogenic brain lesion, rabbits underwent a 45-min period of isovolemic hemodilution to a hematocrit of 20-25% with one of the three selected fluids. The saline group required approximately twice as much fluid (207 +/- 17 ml) to maintain a stable mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure as did the hetastarch (105 +/- 14 ml) or albumin (103 +/- 29 ml) groups. As intended, the oncotic pressure decreased by a mean of 9.6 +/- 2.4 mmHg in the saline group, while remaining stable in the hetastarch and albumin groups. There were no significant changes in osmolality in any group during the hemodilution period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Albumins↗
PubMed1987

The acute cerebral effects of changes in plasma osmolality and oncotic pressure.

Although it is generally accepted that a decrease in plasma oncotic pressure may result in the formation of peripheral edema, the effect of a hypo-oncotic state on brain water content is less well known. Therefore, utilizing the technique of hollow-fiber plasma-pheresis to manipulate plasma composition, the authors examined the effects of acute changes in either plasma osmolality or colloid oncotic pressure on the EEG, regional cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and brain tissue specific gravity (as a measure of cerebral water content) in anesthetized, neurologically normal New Zealand white rabbits. Animals in which either osmolality or oncotic pressure was decreased by plasma replacement with an appropriate solution were compared with a group of control animals in which both of these variables were maintained constant. Animals in which plasma osmolality was decreased by 13 +/- 6 mOsm/kg (from a baseline value of 295 +/- 5 mOsm/kg) showed evidence of a significant increase in cortical water content (approximately 0.5%), whereas a 65% reduction in oncotic pressure (from 20 +/- 2 mmHg to 7 +/- 1 mmHg) failed to produce any change. There were no significant differences in mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, regional cerebral blood flow, or the EEG between any of the groups. Although intracranial pressure increased in all groups, the largest increase (8.1 +/- 4.4 mmHg) occurred in those animals whose osmolality was reduced. The increase in intracranial pressure in animals rendered hypo-oncotic was no different from the "control" group (2.4 +/- 0.9 mmHg vs. 3.0 +/- 1.5 mmHg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Somatomedin production in the neonatal rat.

The hormonal stimulus to rat fetal and neonatal somatic and skeletal growth has been investigated by a study of ciruclating somatomedin (SM), growth hormone (GH) and insulin levels in rats from 21 days in utero to 40 days of post natal life. Somatomedin activity could not be detected in the serum of fetal rats in which circulating GH and insulin levels were high. In early post natal life GH and insulin levels remained high but gradually declined reaching normal adult levels at 19 days and 40 days respectively. Somatomedin activity was measurable only at low levels until 11 days after birth and thereafter remained steady throughout the time period studied. These studies suggest that somatomedin alone is not responsible for the rapid growth of the rat in early neonatal life and it is suggested that insulin may also be active as a growth factor in this period.

Age Factors↗